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案例描述：
实现一个通用的数组类，要求如下：
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可以对内置数据类型以及自定义数据类型的数据进行存储
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将数组中的数据存储到堆区
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构造函数中可以传入数组的容量
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提供对应的拷贝构造函数以及operator=防止浅拷贝问题
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提供尾插法和尾删法对数组中的数据进行增加和删除
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可以通过下标的方式访问数组中的元素
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可以获取数组中当前元素个数和数组的容量
类中的基本方法和对外接口如下：
完整项目请参阅此连接：项目传送门
项目构建说明：
该项目在vscode上开发，在构建项目时请修改.vscode文件中的编译器和调试器路径
项目CMake文件
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10.0)
project(MyArray VERSION 0.1.0 LANGUAGES C CXX)file(REMOVE_RECURSE "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build") # 设置构建目录include_directories(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/headers) # 指定头文件目录
aux_source_directory(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/sources SRC_LIST) # 指定源文件目录
set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin) # 设置构建生成的二进制文件存储位置add_executable(main ${SRC_LIST}) # 设置可执行的源文件include(CTest)
enable_testing()set(CPACK_PROJECT_NAME ${PROJECT_NAME})
set(CPACK_PROJECT_VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION})
include(CPack)利用类模板实现一个数组类封装
MyArray.hpp
#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
// 模板类
template<class T>
class MyArray{public:MyArray(int capacity){cout << "MyArray有参构造调用" << endl;this->m_Capacity = capacity;this->m_Size = 0;this->pAddress = new T[this->m_Capacity];}MyArray(const MyArray& arr){cout << "MyArray拷贝构造调用" << endl;this->m_Capacity = arr.m_Capacity;this->m_Size = arr.m_Size;//必须进行深拷贝this->pAddress = new T[arr.m_Capacity];for(int i = 0; i < this->m_Size; i++){this->pAddress[i] = arr.pAddress[i];}}//这里同样防止浅拷贝MyArray& operator=(const MyArray& arr){cout << "MyArray赋值拷贝构造调用" << endl;//这种拷贝方式有可能之前已经有了存储，所以要清除掉之前的数据if(this->pAddress != NULL){delete[] this->pAddress;this->pAddress = NULL;this->m_Capacity = 0;this->m_Size = 0;}this->m_Capacity = arr.m_Capacity;this->m_Size = arr.m_Size;this->pAddress = new T[arr.m_Capacity];for(int i = 0; i < this->m_Size; i++){this->pAddress[i] = arr.pAddress[i];}return *this;}// 实现基本的尾插法void Push_Back(const T & val){if(this->m_Size == this->m_Capacity){return;}this->pAddress[this->m_Size] = val;this->m_Size++;}// 删除尾部数据void Pop_Back(){if(this->m_Size == 0){return;}this->m_Size--;}T& operator[](int index){return this->pAddress[index];}int Get_Capacity(){return this->m_Capacity;}int Get_Size(){return this->m_Size;}~MyArray(){if(this->pAddress != NULL){cout << "MyArray析构调用" << endl;delete[] this->pAddress;this->pAddress = NULL;}}private:T * pAddress;int m_Capacity;int m_Size;};测试自定义数据类型和内置数据类型
main.cpp
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
#include "MyArray.hpp"void printIntArray(MyArray <int>& arr){for(int i = 0; i< arr.Get_Size(); i++){cout << arr[i] << endl;}
}//测试内置数据类型
void test1(){MyArray<int>arr1(5);for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++){arr1.Push_Back(i);}printIntArray(arr1);cout << "arr1 的容量为：" << arr1.Get_Capacity() << endl;cout << "arr1 的大小为：" << arr1.Get_Size() << endl; MyArray<int>arr2(arr1);printIntArray(arr2);arr2.Pop_Back();printIntArray(arr2);
}
// 自定义数据类型
class Person{public:Person(){}Person(string name,int age){this->m_Name = name;this->m_Age = age;}string m_Name;int m_Age;};
void printPersonArray(MyArray<Person>& arr)
{for(int i = 0; i < arr.Get_Size(); i++){cout << "姓名：" << arr[i].m_Name << "年龄：" << arr[i].m_Age << endl;}
}
// 测试自定义数据类型
void test2(){MyArray<Person>arr(10);Person p1("孙悟空",999);Person p2("韩信",30);Person p3("妲己",20);Person p4("赵云",25);Person p5("安琪拉",27);arr.Push_Back(p1);arr.Push_Back(p2);arr.Push_Back(p3);arr.Push_Back(p4);arr.Push_Back(p5);printPersonArray(arr);
}int main(){test1();test2();
}