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YOLOv11v10v8使用教程：  YOLOv11入门到入土使用教程

YOLOv11改进汇总贴：YOLOv11及自研模型更新汇总 

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《YOLOv12: Attention-Centric Real-Time Object Detectors》

一、 模块介绍

        论文链接：https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.12524

        代码链接：https://gitcode.com/gh_mirrors/yo/yolov12

论文速览：

       长期以来，增强YOLO框架的网络架构一直至关重要，但一直专注于基于cnn的改进，尽管注意力机制在建模能力方面已被证明具有优越性。这是因为基于注意力的模型无法匹配基于cnn的模型的速度。本文提出了一种以注意力为中心的YOLO框架，即YOLOv12，与之前基于cnn的YOLO框架的速度相匹配，同时利用了注意力机制的性能优势。YOLOv12在精度和速度方面超越了所有流行的实时目标检测器。例如，YOLOv12-N在T4 GPU上以1.64ms的推理延迟实现了40.6% mAP，以相当的速度超过了高级的YOLOv10-N / YOLOv11-N 2.1%/1.2% mAP。这种优势可以扩展到其他模型规模。YOLOv12还超越了改善DETR的端到端实时检测器，如RT-DETR /RT-DETRv2: YOLOv12- s比RT-DETR- r18 / RT-DETRv2-r18运行更快42%，仅使用36%的计算和45%的参数。更多的比较见图1。

总结：本文将其中的R-ELAN思想融入C3等模块。​

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二、二创融合模块

2.1 相关二创模块及所需参数

        该模块可如图加入到C3与自研等模块中，代码见群文件，所需参数如下。

C3-变式模块 所需参数：(c1, c2, n, shortcut, g, e)

RCRep2A及变式模块 所需参数：(c1, c2, shortcut, e)

        其中，C3-变式模块 代码如下：

class C3_R_ELAN(nn.Module):def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5):"""Initialize the CSP Bottleneck with given channels, number, shortcut, groups, and expansion values."""super().__init__()c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channelsself.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)self.cv2 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)self.cv3 = Conv((1 + n) * c_, c2, 1)  # optional act=FReLU(c2)self.m = nn.ModuleList(nn.Sequential(*(ABlock(c_, max(c_//32, 1), 2, 1) for _ in range(2))) for _ in range(n))def forward(self, x):y = [self.cv1(x)]y.extend(m(y[-1]) for m in self.m)return self.cv3(torch.cat(y, 1))

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2.2更改yaml文件 (以自研模型为例)

yam文件解读：YOLO系列 “.yaml“文件解读_yolo yaml文件-CSDN博客

       打开更改ultralytics/cfg/models/11路径下的YOLOv11.yaml文件，替换原有模块。

# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLO11 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect
# ⭐⭐Powered by https://blog.csdn.net/StopAndGoyyy,  技术指导QQ:2668825911⭐⭐# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolo11n.yaml' will call yolo11.yaml with scale 'n'# [depth, width, max_channels]n: [0.50, 0.25, 1024] # summary: 377 layers, 2,249,525 parameters, 2,249,509 gradients, 8.7 GFLOPs/258 layers, 2,219,405 parameters, 0 gradients, 8.5 GFLOPss: [0.50, 0.50, 1024] # summary: 377 layers, 8,082,389 parameters, 8,082,373 gradients, 29.8 GFLOPs/258 layers, 7,972,885 parameters, 0 gradients, 29.2 GFLOPsm: [0.50, 1.00, 512] # summary:  377 layers, 20,370,221 parameters, 20,370,205 gradients, 103.0 GFLOPs/258 layers, 20,153,773 parameters, 0 gradients, 101.2 GFLOPsl: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # summary: 521 layers, 23,648,717 parameters, 23,648,701 gradients, 124.5 GFLOPs/330 layers, 23,226,989 parameters, 0 gradients, 121.2 GFLOPsx: [1.00, 1.50, 512] # summary: 521 layers, 53,125,237 parameters, 53,125,221 gradients, 278.9 GFLOPs/330 layers, 52,191,589 parameters, 0 gradients, 272.1 GFLOPs#  n: [0.33, 0.25, 1024]
#  s: [0.50, 0.50, 1024]
#  m: [0.67, 0.75, 768]
#  l: [1.00, 1.00, 512]
#  x: [1.00, 1.25, 512]
# YOLO11n backbone
backbone:# [from, repeats, module, args]- [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]] # 0-P1/2- [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]] # 1-P2/4- [-1, 2, C3_R_ELAN, [128]]- [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]] # 3-P3/8- [-1, 4, RCRep2A, [512, False, 0.25]]- [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] # 5-P4/16- [-1, 4, RCRep2A, [512, True]]- [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]] # 7-P5/32- [-1, 2, RCRep2A, [1024, True]]- [-1, 1, SPPF_WD, [1024, 7]] # 9# YOLO11n head
head:- [[3, 5, 7], 1, align_3In, [144, 1]] # 10- [[4, 6, 9], 1, align_3In, [144, 1]] # 11- [[-1, -2], 1, Concat, [1]] #12  cat- [-1, 1, RepVGGBlocks, []] #13- [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]] #14- [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]] #15 cat- [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3]] # 16- [13, 1, Conv, [256, 3]] #17- [13, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] #18- [[16, 17, 18], 1, Detect, [nc]] # Detect(P3, P4, P5)# ⭐⭐Powered by https://blog.csdn.net/StopAndGoyyy,  技术指导QQ:2668825911⭐⭐

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 2.3 修改train.py文件

       创建Train脚本用于训练。

from ultralytics.models import YOLO
import os
os.environ['KMP_DUPLICATE_LIB_OK'] = 'TRUE'if __name__ == '__main__':model = YOLO(model='ultralytics/cfg/models/xy_YOLO/xy_yolov1-ConvNeXt.yaml')# model = YOLO(model='ultralytics/cfg/models/11/yolo11l.yaml')model.train(data='./datasets/data.yaml', epochs=1, batch=1, device='0', imgsz=320, workers=1, cache=False,amp=True, mosaic=False, project='run/train', name='exp',)

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         在train.py脚本中填入修改好的yaml路径，运行即可训练，数据集创建教程见下方链接。

YOLOv11入门到入土使用教程(含结构图)_yolov11使用教程-CSDN博客

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