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网站源代码下载工具,网络营销计划书怎么写,html制作百度页面,wordpress wp_list_bookmarksLinux 多线程编程实战指南前言多线程编程是现代软件开发中不可或缺的技术，它能够充分利用多核处理器的性能，提高程序的执行效率。本文将从实践角度详细介绍 Linux 多线程编程的核心知识。一、多线程基础 1.1 为什么需要多线程？ 提高程…

Linux 多线程编程实战指南

前言

多线程编程是现代软件开发中不可或缺的技术，它能够充分利用多核处理器的性能，提高程序的执行效率。本文将从实践角度详细介绍 Linux 多线程编程的核心知识。

一、多线程基础

1.1 为什么需要多线程？

提高程序响应性
充分利用多核处理器
资源共享效率高
降低系统开销

1.2 线程与进程的区别

资源共享方面
创建和切换开销
通信机制
编程复杂度

二、POSIX 线程编程

2.1 线程创建与终止

#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>void* thread_function(void* arg) {int thread_id = *(int*)arg;printf("线程 %d 开始执行\n", thread_id);// 线程执行的工作for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {printf("线程 %d: 计数 %d\n", thread_id, i);sleep(1);}printf("线程 %d 执行完毕\n", thread_id);return NULL;
}int main() {pthread_t threads[3];int thread_ids[3] = {1, 2, 3};// 创建多个线程for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {if(pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, thread_function, &thread_ids[i]) != 0) {perror("线程创建失败");exit(1);}}// 等待所有线程结束for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {pthread_join(threads[i], NULL);}printf("所有线程执行完毕\n");return 0;
}

2.2 线程同步机制

2.2.1 互斥锁

pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
int shared_counter = 0;void* safe_increment(void* arg) {for(int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);shared_counter++;pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);}return NULL;
}

2.2.2 条件变量

pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t condition = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
int data_ready = 0;void* producer(void* arg) {while(1) {pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);// 生产数据data_ready = 1;printf("数据已生产\n");// 通知消费者pthread_cond_signal(&condition);pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);sleep(1);}return NULL;
}void* consumer(void* arg) {while(1) {pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);// 等待数据while(!data_ready) {pthread_cond_wait(&condition, &mutex);}// 消费数据printf("数据已消费\n");data_ready = 0;pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);}return NULL;
}

三、实战案例：线程池实现

typedef struct {void (*function)(void* arg);void* arg;
} task_t;typedef struct {task_t* tasks;int task_capacity;int task_size;int task_front;int task_rear;pthread_t* threads;int thread_count;pthread_mutex_t lock;pthread_cond_t not_full;pthread_cond_t not_empty;int shutdown;
} thread_pool_t;// 线程池初始化
thread_pool_t* thread_pool_create(int thread_count, int task_capacity) {thread_pool_t* pool = malloc(sizeof(thread_pool_t));pool->tasks = malloc(sizeof(task_t) * task_capacity);pool->task_capacity = task_capacity;pool->task_size = 0;pool->task_front = 0;pool->task_rear = 0;pool->threads = malloc(sizeof(pthread_t) * thread_count);pool->thread_count = thread_count;pthread_mutex_init(&pool->lock, NULL);pthread_cond_init(&pool->not_full, NULL);pthread_cond_init(&pool->not_empty, NULL);pool->shutdown = 0;// 创建工作线程for(int i = 0; i < thread_count; i++) {pthread_create(&pool->threads[i], NULL, worker_thread, pool);}return pool;
}