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搭建SpringMVC的入门程序

创建WEB工程，引入开发的jar包

具体的坐标如下

<!--版本锁定-->
<properties><spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId><artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId><version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId><artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId><version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId><artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId><version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-context</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-web</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><!--SpringMVC--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><!--servlet API--><dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId><version>2.5</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId><artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId><version>2.0</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency><!--日志--><dependency><groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId><artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId><version>1.2.3</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId><artifactId>thymeleaf-spring4</artifactId><version>3.0.9.RELEASE</version></dependency></dependencies>

首先需要将原本的web.xml配置文档做出如下更改

<web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaeehttp://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"></web-app>

配置DispatcheServlet

Spring MVC是基于原生的servlet,通过强大的前端控制器DispatcheServlet，对请求和响应进行统一处理。
Spring MVC的本质就是一个servlet,是对原生的servlet进行了封装。在以前我们浏览器的每一次请求都需要我们写一个对应的servlet,现在我们只需要将浏览器的请求和响应交给DispatcheServlet进行统一的处理。

在web.xml配置文件中核心控制器DispatcherServlet

<!--在web.xml中配置Spring提供的过滤器类 -->
<filter><filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name><filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class><async-supported>true</async-supported><init-param><param-name>encoding</param-name><param-value>UTF-8</param-value></init-param>
</filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!--不拦截所有是html的页面请求-->
<servlet-mapping><servlet-name>default</servlet-name><url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping><!--配置前端控制器，对浏览器发送的请求进行统一处理-->
<servlet><servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class><!--加载springmvc.xml配置文件的位置和名称，配置的是Spring配置--><init-param><!--contextConfigLocation:上下文配置路径，固定值--><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><!--classpath:类路径，值得是Java和resources文件夹--><!--springmvc.xml:指的是配置文件的名称：需要配置springmvc.xml，在下面--><param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value></init-param><!--配置启动加载--><load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name><url-pattern>/</url-pattern>   
</servlet-mapping><!--开启项目时打开的页面-->
<welcome-file-list><welcome-file>/index.html</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>

配置springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvchttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"><!--配置spring创建容器时要扫描的包--><context:component-scan base-package="com.qcby"></context:component-scan><!--处理映射器--><bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/><!--处理器适配器--><bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/><!--配置视图解析器--><bean id="viewResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring4.view.ThymeleafViewResolver"><property name="order" value="1"/><property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/><property name="templateEngine" ref="templateEngine"/></bean><!-- templateEngine --><bean id="templateEngine" class="org.thymeleaf.spring4.SpringTemplateEngine"><property name="templateResolver" ref="templateResolver"/></bean><bean id="templateResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring4.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver"><property name="prefix" value="/html/" /><property name="suffix" value=".html" /><property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/></bean><!-- JSON View --><beanclass="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJackson2JsonView"></bean><!-- 配置spring开启注解mvc的支持  默认就是开启的 ，要想让其他组件（不包含映射器、适配器、处理器）生效就必须需要配置了--><mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
</beans>

编写index.html页面

<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>入门程序</title>
</head>
<body>
你好！ 
</body>
</html>

编写suc.html页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>成功</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello <b th:text="${msg}"></b></h1>
</body>
<script>
</script>
</html>

编写Controller类和方法

//把当前类交给IOC容器进行管理
@Controller
public class HelloController {/*** 处理超链接发送出来的请求* @param model* @return*/@RequestMapping(path = "/hello.do")public String sayHello(Model model){System.out.println("入门方法执行了2...");// 向模型中添加属性msg与值，可以在html页面中取出并渲染model.addAttribute("msg","hello,SpringMVC");// 配置了视图解析器后，写法return "suc";}
}

最后启动Tomcat服务器，进行测试。

总结