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基于Flask 3.1和Python 3.13的简易CMS
以下是一个基于Flask 3.1和Python 3.13的简易CMS管理系统实现方案，包含核心功能和可运行代码示例。
环境准备
安装Flask和其他依赖库：
pip install flask==3.1.0 flask-sqlalchemy flask-login
配置数据库
在config.py中设置SQLite数据库URI：
import osbasedir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))class Config:SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(basedir, 'app.db')SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False
项目结构
/cms_app/static/templatesbase.htmllogin.htmldashboard.htmlposts.htmlapp.pyconfig.py
核心代码实现
配置文件和初始化（config.py）
import osclass Config:SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY') or 'your-secret-key-here'SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'sqlite:///site.db'SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False
主应用文件（app.py）
from flask import Flask, render_template, redirect, url_for, request
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_login import LoginManager, UserMixin, login_user, logout_user, login_required
from config import Configapp = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(Config)
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
login_manager = LoginManager(app)
login_manager.login_view = 'login'# 用户模型
class User(UserMixin, db.Model):id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)username = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True, nullable=False)password = db.Column(db.String(120), nullable=False)# 内容模型
class Post(db.Model):id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)title = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False)content = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)@login_manager.user_loader
def load_user(user_id):return User.query.get(int(user_id))@app.route('/')
@login_required
def dashboard():posts = Post.query.all()return render_template('dashboard.html', posts=posts)@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():if request.method == 'POST':username = request.form['username']password = request.form['password']user = User.query.filter_by(username=username).first()if user and user.password == password:login_user(user)return redirect(url_for('dashboard'))return render_template('login.html')@app.route('/logout')
@login_required
def logout():logout_user()return redirect(url_for('login'))@app.route('/post/new', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@login_required
def new_post():if request.method == 'POST':post = Post(title=request.form['title'], content=request.form['content'])db.session.add(post)db.session.commit()return redirect(url_for('dashboard'))return render_template('new_post.html')if __name__ == '__main__':with app.app_context():db.create_all()app.run(debug=True)
模板文件示例
base.html（模板基础文件）
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title>CMS System</title>
</head>
<body>{% block content %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>
login.html（登录页面）
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<h2>Login</h2>
<form method="POST"><input type="text" name="username" placeholder="Username" required><input type="password" name="password" placeholder="Password" required><button type="submit">Login</button>
</form>
{% endblock %}
运行系统
创建初始数据库和用户：
from app import app, db, User
with app.app_context():db.create_all()admin = User(username='admin', password='admin123')db.session.add(admin)db.session.commit()
启动开发服务器：
python app.py
系统将运行在http://127.0.0.1:5000，使用admin/admin123登录后可管理内容。
功能扩展建议
- 添加用户注册功能
- 实现文章分类和标签
- 增加富文本编辑器
- 添加文件上传功能
- 实现权限管理系统
添加用户注册功能
项目结构
创建以下目录结构：
app/__init__.pymodels.pyroutes.pytemplates/register.htmllogin.htmldashboard.html
config.py
run.py
初始化Flask应用
在app/__init__.py中创建应用实例：
from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from config import Configapp = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(Config)
db = SQLAlchemy(app)from app import routes, models
定义用户模型
在app/models.py中创建User模型：
from app import dbclass User(db.Model):id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)username = db.Column(db.String(64), index=True, unique=True)email = db.Column(db.String(120), index=True, unique=True)password_hash = db.Column(db.String(128))def __repr__(self):return f'<User {self.username}>'
创建路由和视图
在app/routes.py中实现CRUD操作：
from flask import render_template, redirect, url_for, request, flash
from app import app, db
from app.models import User@app.route('/register', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def register():if request.method == 'POST':username = request.form['username']email = request.form['email']password = request.form['password']existing_user = User.query.filter_by(username=username).first()if existing_user:flash('Username already exists')return redirect(url_for('register'))new_user = User(username=username, email=email, password_hash=password)db.session.add(new_user)db.session.commit()flash('Registration successful')return redirect(url_for('login'))return render_template('register.html')@app.route('/users')
def users():users = User.query.all()return render_template('dashboard.html', users=users)@app.route('/delete/<int:id>')
def delete(id):user = User.query.get_or_404(id)db.session.delete(user)db.session.commit()return redirect(url_for('users'))
创建模板文件
在templates/register.html中创建注册表单：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title>Register</title>
</head>
<body><h1>Register</h1><form method="POST" action="{{ url_for('register') }}"><input type="text" name="username" placeholder="Username" required><input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Email" required><input type="password" name="password" placeholder="Password" required><button type="submit">Register</button></form>
</body>
</html>
在templates/dashboard.html中显示用户列表：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title>Users</title>
</head>
<body><h1>User List</h1><ul>{% for user in users %}<li>{{ user.username }} - {{ user.email }}<a href="{{ url_for('delete', id=user.id) }}">Delete</a></li>{% endfor %}</ul>
</body>
</html>
运行应用
在run.py中创建启动脚本：
from app import app, db
from app.models import User@app.before_first_request
def create_tables():db.create_all()if __name__ == '__main__':app.run(debug=True)
运行应用：
python run.py
数据库迁移
建议使用Flask-Migrate处理数据库变更：
pip install flask-migrate
修改app/__init__.py：
from flask_migrate import Migratemigrate = Migrate(app, db)
初始化迁移仓库：
flask db init
flask db migrate -m "initial migration"
flask db upgrade