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网站建设规划表,今日头条官网首页,网站开发维护花费,广西南宁网站设计下面是一个完整的成绩管理系统后台实现，使用Spring Boot框架，包含学生管理、课程管理和成绩管理功能。 1. 项目结构 src/main/java/com/example/grademanagement/ ├── config/ # 配置类 ├── controller/ # 控制器 ├── dto/ …

下面是一个完整的成绩管理系统后台实现，使用Spring Boot框架，包含学生管理、课程管理和成绩管理功能。

1. 项目结构

src/main/java/com/example/grademanagement/
├── config/           # 配置类
├── controller/       # 控制器
├── dto/              # 数据传输对象
├── entity/           # 实体类
├── exception/        # 异常处理
├── repository/       # 数据访问层
├── service/          # 业务逻辑层
│   └── impl/         # 服务实现
└── GrademanagementApplication.java  # 启动类

2. 主要依赖 (pom.xml) 

<dependencies><!-- Spring Boot Starter --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><!-- 数据访问 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><scope>runtime</scope></dependency><!-- 工具类 --><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><!-- 测试 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency>
</dependencies>

3. 实体类设计

3.1 学生实体 (Student.java)

package com.example.grademanagement.entity;import jakarta.persistence.*;
import lombok.Data;import java.util.List;@Entity
@Data
@Table(name = "students")
public class Student {@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)private Long id;@Column(nullable = false)private String studentId;  // 学号@Column(nullable = false)private String name;@Column(nullable = false)private String gender;private String className;  // 班级@OneToMany(mappedBy = "student", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)private List<Grade> grades;
}

3.2 课程实体 (Course.java)

package com.example.grademanagement.entity;import jakarta.persistence.*;
import lombok.Data;import java.util.List;@Entity
@Data
@Table(name = "courses")
public class Course {@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)private Long id;@Column(nullable = false, unique = true)private String courseCode;  // 课程代码@Column(nullable = false)private String courseName;private Integer credit;  // 学分@OneToMany(mappedBy = "course", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)private List<Grade> grades;
}

3.3 成绩实体 (Grade.java)

package com.example.grademanagement.entity;import jakarta.persistence.*;
import lombok.Data;@Entity
@Data
@Table(name = "grades")
public class Grade {@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)private Long id;@ManyToOne@JoinColumn(name = "student_id", nullable = false)private Student student;@ManyToOne@JoinColumn(name = "course_id", nullable = false)private Course course;@Column(nullable = false)private Double score;  // 成绩private String semester;  // 学期
}

4. 数据访问层 (Repository)

4.1 学生仓库 (StudentRepository.java)

package com.example.grademanagement.repository;import com.example.grademanagement.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;public interface StudentRepository extends JpaRepository<Student, Long> {Student findByStudentId(String studentId);List<Student> findByNameContaining(String name);List<Student> findByClassName(String className);
}

4.2 课程仓库 (CourseRepository.java)

package com.example.grademanagement.repository;import com.example.grademanagement.entity.Course;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;public interface CourseRepository extends JpaRepository<Course, Long> {Course findByCourseCode(String courseCode);List<Course> findByCourseNameContaining(String courseName);
}

4.3 成绩仓库 (GradeRepository.java)

package com.example.grademanagement.repository;import com.example.grademanagement.entity.Grade;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;import java.util.List;public interface GradeRepository extends JpaRepository<Grade, Long> {List<Grade> findByStudentId(Long studentId);List<Grade> findByCourseId(Long courseId);@Query("SELECT g FROM Grade g WHERE g.student.id = ?1 AND g.course.id = ?2")Grade findByStudentAndCourse(Long studentId, Long courseId);@Query("SELECT AVG(g.score) FROM Grade g WHERE g.course.id = ?1")Double findAverageScoreByCourse(Long courseId);
}

5. 业务逻辑层 (Service)

5.1 学生服务接口 (StudentService.java)

package com.example.grademanagement.service;import com.example.grademanagement.entity.Student;import java.util.List;public interface StudentService {Student addStudent(Student student);Student updateStudent(Long id, Student student);void deleteStudent(Long id);Student getStudentById(Long id);Student getStudentByStudentId(String studentId);List<Student> getAllStudents();List<Student> searchStudents(String keyword);
}

5.2 学生服务实现 (StudentServiceImpl.java)

package com.example.grademanagement.service.impl;import com.example.grademanagement.entity.Student;
import com.example.grademanagement.repository.StudentRepository;
import com.example.grademanagement.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.util.List;@Service
public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {private final StudentRepository studentRepository;public StudentServiceImpl(StudentRepository studentRepository) {this.studentRepository = studentRepository;}@Overridepublic Student addStudent(Student student) {if (studentRepository.findByStudentId(student.getStudentId()) != null) {throw new RuntimeException("学号已存在");}return studentRepository.save(student);}@Overridepublic Student updateStudent(Long id, Student student) {Student existingStudent = studentRepository.findById(id).orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("学生不存在"));existingStudent.setName(student.getName());existingStudent.setGender(student.getGender());existingStudent.setClassName(student.getClassName());return studentRepository.save(existingStudent);}@Overridepublic void deleteStudent(Long id) {studentRepository.deleteById(id);}@Overridepublic Student getStudentById(Long id) {return studentRepository.findById(id).orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("学生不存在"));}@Overridepublic Student getStudentByStudentId(String studentId) {return studentRepository.findByStudentId(studentId);}@Overridepublic List<Student> getAllStudents() {return studentRepository.findAll();}@Overridepublic List<Student> searchStudents(String keyword) {return studentRepository.findByNameContaining(keyword);}
}

5.3 成绩服务接口 (GradeService.java)

package com.example.grademanagement.service;import com.example.grademanagement.entity.Grade;import java.util.List;public interface GradeService {Grade addGrade(Grade grade);Grade updateGrade(Long id, Grade grade);void deleteGrade(Long id);Grade getGradeById(Long id);List<Grade> getGradesByStudentId(Long studentId);List<Grade> getGradesByCourseId(Long courseId);Double getAverageScoreByCourse(Long courseId);Grade getGradeByStudentAndCourse(Long studentId, Long courseId);
}

6. 控制器 (Controller)

6.1 学生控制器 (StudentController.java)

package com.example.grademanagement.controller;import com.example.grademanagement.entity.Student;
import com.example.grademanagement.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;import java.util.List;@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/students")
public class StudentController {private final StudentService studentService;public StudentController(StudentService studentService) {this.studentService = studentService;}@PostMappingpublic ResponseEntity<Student> addStudent(@RequestBody Student student) {return ResponseEntity.ok(studentService.addStudent(student));}@PutMapping("/{id}")public ResponseEntity<Student> updateStudent(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestBody Student student) {return ResponseEntity.ok(studentService.updateStudent(id, student));}@DeleteMapping("/{id}")public ResponseEntity<Void> deleteStudent(@PathVariable Long id) {studentService.deleteStudent(id);return ResponseEntity.noContent().build();}@GetMapping("/{id}")public ResponseEntity<Student> getStudentById(@PathVariable Long id) {return ResponseEntity.ok(studentService.getStudentById(id));}@GetMapping("/student-id/{studentId}")public ResponseEntity<Student> getStudentByStudentId(@PathVariable String studentId) {return ResponseEntity.ok(studentService.getStudentByStudentId(studentId));}@GetMappingpublic ResponseEntity<List<Student>> getAllStudents() {return ResponseEntity.ok(studentService.getAllStudents());}@GetMapping("/search")public ResponseEntity<List<Student>> searchStudents(@RequestParam String keyword) {return ResponseEntity.ok(studentService.searchStudents(keyword));}
}

6.2 成绩控制器 (GradeController.java)

package com.example.grademanagement.controller;import com.example.grademanagement.entity.Grade;
import com.example.grademanagement.service.GradeService;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;import java.util.List;@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/grades")
public class GradeController {private final GradeService gradeService;public GradeController(GradeService gradeService) {this.gradeService = gradeService;}@PostMappingpublic ResponseEntity<Grade> addGrade(@RequestBody Grade grade) {return ResponseEntity.ok(gradeService.addGrade(grade));}@PutMapping("/{id}")public ResponseEntity<Grade> updateGrade(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestBody Grade grade) {return ResponseEntity.ok(gradeService.updateGrade(id, grade));}@DeleteMapping("/{id}")public ResponseEntity<Void> deleteGrade(@PathVariable Long id) {gradeService.deleteGrade(id);return ResponseEntity.noContent().build();}@GetMapping("/{id}")public ResponseEntity<Grade> getGradeById(@PathVariable Long id) {return ResponseEntity.ok(gradeService.getGradeById(id));}@GetMapping("/student/{studentId}")public ResponseEntity<List<Grade>> getGradesByStudentId(@PathVariable Long studentId) {return ResponseEntity.ok(gradeService.getGradesByStudentId(studentId));}@GetMapping("/course/{courseId}")public ResponseEntity<List<Grade>> getGradesByCourseId(@PathVariable Long courseId) {return ResponseEntity.ok(gradeService.getGradesByCourseId(courseId));}@GetMapping("/average/{courseId}")public ResponseEntity<Double> getAverageScoreByCourse(@PathVariable Long courseId) {return ResponseEntity.ok(gradeService.getAverageScoreByCourse(courseId));}@GetMapping("/student-course")public ResponseEntity<Grade> getGradeByStudentAndCourse(@RequestParam Long studentId, @RequestParam Long courseId) {return ResponseEntity.ok(gradeService.getGradeByStudentAndCourse(studentId, courseId));}
}

7. 异常处理

7.1 全局异常处理器 (GlobalExceptionHandler.java)

package com.example.grademanagement.exception;import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {@ExceptionHandler(RuntimeException.class)public ResponseEntity<String> handleRuntimeException(RuntimeException e) {return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).body(e.getMessage());}@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)public ResponseEntity<String> handleException(Exception e) {return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body("服务器内部错误: " + e.getMessage());}
}

8. 应用配置

8.1 数据库配置 (application.properties)

# 数据库配置
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/grade_management?useSSL=false
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=yourpassword
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver# JPA配置
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.format_sql=true# 服务器配置
server.port=8080

9. 启动类

package com.example.grademanagement;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplication
public class GrademanagementApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(GrademanagementApplication.class, args);}
}

10. API文档

系统提供以下主要API端点：

学生管理

  • POST /api/students - 添加学生

  • GET /api/students - 获取所有学生

  • GET /api/students/{id} - 获取指定ID的学生

  • PUT /api/students/{id} - 更新学生信息

  • DELETE /api/students/{id} - 删除学生

成绩管理

  • POST /api/grades - 添加成绩

  • GET /api/grades/student/{studentId} - 获取学生所有成绩

  • GET /api/grades/course/{courseId} - 获取课程所有成绩

  • GET /api/grades/average/{courseId} - 获取课程平均分

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