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Gitlab Runner 

GitLab Runner是一个用于运行GitLab CI/CD流水线作业的软件包，由GitLab官方开发，完全开源。你可以在很多主流的系统环境或平台上安装它，如Linux、macOS、Windows和Kubernetes。如果你熟悉Jenkins 的话，你可以把它理解为Jenkins slave节点。

Gitlab Runner 架构

安装GitLab Runner

没有GitLab Runner，GitLab CI/CD的流水线就无法运行，现在我们就在一台计算机上安装GitLab Runner。GitLab Runner的安装方式有很多，二进制安装，docker安装。今天我介绍一下二进制安装。

1. 下载安装包

sudo curl -L --output /usr/local/bin/gitlab-runner "https://s3.dualstack.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/gitlab-runner-downloads/latest/binaries/gitlab-runner-linux-amd64"

2. 添加执行权限

#sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/gitlab-runner

3. 创建 GitLab CI 用户

#useradd --comment 'Gitlab runner' --create-home gitlab-runner --shell /bin/bash

4.  作为服务安装

sudo gitlab-runner install --user=gitlab-runner --working-directory=/home/gitlab-runnersudo gitlab-runner start

5. 注册到Gitlab 服务器

当然你如果有自己的gitlab 服务器的话，也可以注册到自己的gitlab 服务器。

gitlab-runner registerRuntime platform                                    arch=amd64 os=linux pid=47871 revision=44feccdf versionRunning in system-mode.                                                                               Enter the GitLab instance URL (for example, https://gitlab.com/):https://gitlab.comEnter the registration token:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  //请替换成自己的token Enter a description for the runner:[gitlab01]: linuxEnter tags for the runner (comma-separated):linuxEnter optional maintenance note for the runner:This is only for testing.WARNING: Support for registration tokens and runner parameters in the 'register' command has been deprecatert for authentication tokens. For more information, see https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/runners/new_creation_Registering runner... succeeded                     runner=GR134894157Z-kVdL            Enter an executor: instance, custom, ssh, parallels, docker-windows, docker+machine, shell, virtualbox, doc[shddd]: dockerEnter the default Docker image (for example, ruby:2.7):alpine:latestRunner registered successfully. Feel free to start it, but if it's running already the config should be automatically reloaded! Configuration (with the authentication token) was saved in "/etc/gitlab-runner/config.toml"

通过下面的步骤可以查看token

注册成功后，可以登录gitlab.com来查看该runner

运行pipeline

在你的project 中创建一个.gitlab-ci.yml文件

复制下面的代码并提交更改，然后pipeline开始工作。

build-job:  stage: build  script:    - echo "Hello, $GITLAB_USER_LOGIN!"
test-job1:  stage: test  script:    - echo "This job tests something"
test-job2:  stage: test  script:    - echo "This job tests something, but takes more time than test-job1."    - echo "After the echo commands complete, it runs the sleep command for 20 seconds"    - echo "which simulates a test that runs 20 seconds longer than test-job1"    - sleep 20
deploy-prod:  stage: deploy  script:    - echo "This job deploys something from the $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH branch."  environment: production

选择Build-Pipelines，你可以看到三个阶段的pipepline:

点击pipeline id，可以看到图形化的pipeline。

选择其中的一个job，点击该job名称可以看到job的详细信息。

到此为止，你已经在gitlab 中成功运行第一个CICD pipeline。

总结

今天我们了解的 Gitlab CI/CD 中负责执行脚本的 Gitlab Runner 的设计结构，介绍了它的安装（二进制），注册流程。最后我们演示了如何运行一个 CICD pipeline。