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笔记：基于springboot+ShardingSphere-jdbc5.0.0的分库分表

虽然ShardingSphere-jdbc5.0.0的版本已经比较低了，但是毕竟是之前项目中比较熟悉的版本，先拿出来回忆熟悉一下，然后再去尝试新版的配置。

这里主要使用yml的方式配置ShardingSphereJdbc分库分表。

如果你喜欢代码配置方式：笔记：基于springboot+ShardingSphere-jdbc5.0.0的分库分表（偏代码配置）

1、Maven的基本配置。

<!-- spring boot 集合包-->
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId><version>${springboot.Version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope>
</dependency><!-- 引入fastjson依赖 -->
<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>2.0.9</version>
</dependency><!-- 引入mybatis-plus依赖 -->
<dependency><groupId>com.baomidou</groupId><artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId><version>3.5.2</version>
</dependency><!-- shardingsphere集合springboot依赖 -->
<dependency><groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId><artifactId>shardingsphere-jdbc-core-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>5.0.0</version>
</dependency>

2、yml配置数据源和分库分表策略，当id<2025000放到库1，否则放库2，如果id是偶数放表1，是奇数放表2。

spring:shardingsphere:# 展示修改以后的sql语句props:sql-show: truedatasource:names: childtrain1,childtrain2 # 数据源名称，逗号分隔childtrain1:type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSourcedriver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverjdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/childtrain1?serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=falseusername: rootpassword: 123456childtrain2:type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSourcedriver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverjdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/childtrain2?serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=falseusername: rootpassword: 123456rules:sharding:tables:student: # 需要进行分库分表的表名，根据实际情况修改actual-data-nodes: childtrain$->{1..2}.student_$->{1..2} # 分库分表策略，例如 ds0, ds1 分库；t_order_0, t_order_1 分表database-strategy:standard:sharding-column: id # 分片列名称，例如 order_idsharding-algorithm-name: database-inlinetable-strategy:standard:sharding-column: id # 分片列名称，例如 order_idsharding-algorithm-name: student-inline# key-generator:#   type: SNOWFLAKE # 主键生成器类型，例如 SNOWFLAKE（雪花算法）#   column: id # 主键列名称，例如 idsharding-algorithms:database-inline:type: INLINE # 行表达式策略类型props:algorithm-expression: childtrain$->{id < 2025000 ? 1:2} # 分片算法表达式，例如根据 order_id 的奇偶性决定使用哪个分表# type: CLASS_BASED # 行表达式策略类型# props:#   strategy: STANDARD#   algorithmClass‐Name: cloud.cloudwings.hwq.third.common.sharding.DbStandardShardingAlgorithm # 路径student-inline:type: INLINE # 行表达式策略类型props:algorithm-expression: student_$->{id % 2 + 1} # 分片算法表达式，例如根据 order_id 的奇偶性决定使用哪个分表# type: CLASS_BASED # 行表达式策略类型# props:#   strategy: STANDARD#   algorithmClass‐Name: cloud.cloudwings.hwq.third.common.sharding.TableStandardShardingAlgorithm # 路径

3、增加测试的新增和查询。
创建类：Student.java、StudentController.java、IStudentService.java、StudentServiceImpl.java、StudentMapper.java、StudentMapper.xml。

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName;import lombok.Data;/*** * @author HuWenQing* @date 2025年3月5日 上午11:26:55**/
@Data
@TableName("student")
public class Student implements Serializable {private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;@TableId(value = "id", type = IdType.AUTO)private Integer id;private String name;private Integer age;private Date createdate;private boolean isdelete;
}

import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import cloud.cloudwings.hwq.second.modules.student.entity.Student;
import cloud.cloudwings.hwq.second.modules.student.service.IStudentService;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;/*** * @author HuWenQing* @date 2025年3月5日 上午11:33:28**/
@RestController
@AllArgsConstructor
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentNewController {private final IStudentService studentService;@GetMapping("/selectAll")public JSONObject selectAll(Student student) {JSONObject returnJson = new JSONObject();List<Student> students = studentService.selectAll(student);returnJson.put("code", 200);returnJson.put("message", "成功");returnJson.put("data", students);return returnJson;}@GetMapping("/insertBatchTest")public JSONObject insertBatchTest() {JSONObject returnJson = new JSONObject();studentService.insertBatchTest();returnJson.put("code", 200);returnJson.put("message", "成功");returnJson.put("data", null);return returnJson;}
}

import java.util.List;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService;import cloud.cloudwings.hwq.second.modules.student.entity.Student;/*** * @author HuWenQing* @date 2025年3月5日 上午11:40:22**/
public interface IStudentService extends IService<Student> {/*** 查询* @param student* @return*/List<Student> selectAll(Student student);/*** 批次新增-测试*/void insertBatchTest();
}

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;import cloud.cloudwings.hwq.second.modules.student.entity.Student;
import cloud.cloudwings.hwq.second.modules.student.mapper.StudentMapper;
import cloud.cloudwings.hwq.second.modules.student.service.IStudentService;/*** * @author HuWenQing* @date 2025年3月5日 上午11:41:02**/
@Service
public class StudentServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<StudentMapper, Student> implements IStudentService {@Overridepublic List<Student> selectAll(Student student) {return baseMapper.selectAll(student);
//		QueryWrapper<Student> wrapper = new QueryWrapper<>();
//		return baseMapper.selectList(wrapper);}@Overridepublic void insertBatchTest() {List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();for(int i=0; i<20; i++) {Student student = new Student();student.setId(2024990 + i);student.setName("student" + i);student.setAge(10);student.setCreatedate(new Date());students.add(student);}super.saveBatch(students);}
}

import java.util.List;import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;import cloud.cloudwings.hwq.second.modules.student.entity.Student;/*** * @author HuWenQing* @date 2025年3月5日 上午11:44:54**/
public interface StudentMapper extends BaseMapper<Student> {public List<Student> selectAll(@Param("student") Student student);
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="cloud.cloudwings.hwq.second.modules.student.mapper.StudentMapper"><!-- 通用查询映射结果 --><resultMap id="studentResultMap" type="cloud.cloudwings.hwq.second.modules.student.entity.Student"><result column="id" property="id"/><result column="name" property="name"/><result column="age" property="age"/><result column="createdate" property="createdate"/><result column="isdelete" property="isdelete"/></resultMap><select id="selectAll" resultMap="studentResultMap">select a.* from student a where a.isdelete = 0<include refid="selectAllWhere"/>order by a.id desc</select><sql id="selectAllWhere"><if test="student.id != null">and a.id = #{student.id}</if></sql>
</mapper>

4、创建数据库childtrain1和childtrain2，两个库都创建student、student_1、student_2。

CREATE TABLE `student` (`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '学生id',`name` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '学生姓名',`age` int(3) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '年龄',`createdate` datetime DEFAULT NULL,`isdelete` tinyint(1) NOT NULL COMMENT '是否删除',PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2018113 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;CREATE TABLE `student_1` (`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '学生id',`name` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '学生姓名',`age` int(3) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '年龄',`createdate` datetime DEFAULT NULL,`isdelete` tinyint(1) NOT NULL COMMENT '是否删除',PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2024999 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;CREATE TABLE `student_2` (`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '学生id',`name` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '学生姓名',`age` int(3) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '年龄',`createdate` datetime DEFAULT NULL,`isdelete` tinyint(1) NOT NULL COMMENT '是否删除',PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2025000 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

5、启动类application.java和完整的yml配置文件：

import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class})
@MapperScan(basePackages = "cloud.cloudwings.hwq.third.modules.*.mapper")
public class ThirdApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(ThirdApplication.class, args);}
}

server:port: 8083 #端口号
spring: main:allow-circular-references: true #允许循环依赖#忽略数据源autoconfigure:# exclude: com.alibaba.druid.spring.boot.autoconfigure.DruidDataSourceAutoConfigureexclude: org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfigurationshardingsphere:# 展示修改以后的sql语句props:sql-show: truedatasource:names: childtrain1,childtrain2 # 数据源名称，逗号分隔childtrain1:type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSourcedriver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverjdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/childtrain1?serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=falseusername: rootpassword: 123456childtrain2:type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSourcedriver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverjdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/childtrain2?serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=falseusername: rootpassword: 123456rules:sharding:tables:student: # 需要进行分库分表的表名，根据实际情况修改actual-data-nodes: childtrain$->{1..2}.student_$->{1..2} # 分库分表策略，例如 ds0, ds1 分库；t_order_0, t_order_1 分表database-strategy:standard:sharding-column: id # 分片列名称，例如 order_idsharding-algorithm-name: database-inlinetable-strategy:standard:sharding-column: id # 分片列名称，例如 order_idsharding-algorithm-name: student-inline# key-generator:#   type: SNOWFLAKE # 主键生成器类型，例如 SNOWFLAKE（雪花算法）#   column: id # 主键列名称，例如 idsharding-algorithms:database-inline:type: INLINE # 行表达式策略类型props:algorithm-expression: childtrain$->{id < 2025000 ? 1:2} # 分片算法表达式，例如根据 order_id 的奇偶性决定使用哪个分表# type: CLASS_BASED # 行表达式策略类型# props:#   strategy: STANDARD#   algorithmClass‐Name: cloud.cloudwings.hwq.third.common.sharding.DbStandardShardingAlgorithm # 路径student-inline:type: INLINE # 行表达式策略类型props:algorithm-expression: student_$->{id % 2 + 1} # 分片算法表达式，例如根据 order_id 的奇偶性决定使用哪个分表mybatis: #mybatis配置mapper-locations: classpath*:/mapper/*.xmlmybatis-plus:mapper-locations: classpath:cloud.cloudwings.hwq.third.modules/**/mapper/*Mapper.xml#实体扫描，多个package用逗号或者分号分隔typeAliasesPackage: cloud.cloudwings.hwq.third.modules.**.entityglobal-config:# 关闭MP3.0自带的bannerbanner: falsedb-config:#主键类型  0:"数据库ID自增", 1:"不操作", 2:"用户输入ID",3:"数字型snowflake", 4:"全局唯一ID UUID", 5:"字符串型snowflake";id-type: AUTO#字段策略insert-strategy: not_nullupdate-strategy: not_nullwhere-strategy: not_null#驼峰下划线转换table-underline: true# 逻辑删除配置# 逻辑删除全局值（1表示已删除，这也是Mybatis Plus的默认配置）logic-delete-value: 1# 逻辑未删除全局值（0表示未删除，这也是Mybatis Plus的默认配置）logic-not-delete-value: 0configuration:#实体属性驼峰转换map-underscore-to-camel-case: truecache-enabled: falsejdbc-type-for-null: 'null'# log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl #打印sql日志，会打印查询结果，不推荐# log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.slf4j.Slf4jImpl
logging:level:#打印sql日志，不打印查询结果，推荐cloud.cloudwings.hwq.third.modules: debug

9、编译并启动。
打开网页，输入http://localhost:8082/student/insertBatchTest新增数据，可以看到如下控制台打印。

查看数据库，发现确实进行了分库分表存储。
库1数据：

库2数据：

输入http://localhost:8082/student/selectAll新增数据，可以看到如下返回。

到此，分库分表完成。

10、如果你想结合代码的方式配置分库分表算法，那么只要将sharding-algorithms改为下面的配置。

        sharding-algorithms:database-inline:# type: INLINE # 行表达式策略类型# props:#   algorithm-expression: childtrain$->{id < 2025000 ? 1:2} # 分片算法表达式，例如根据 order_id 的奇偶性决定使用哪个分表type: CLASS_BASED # 行表达式策略类型props:strategy: STANDARDalgorithmClass‐Name: cloud.cloudwings.hwq.third.common.sharding.DbStandardShardingAlgorithm # 路径student-inline:# type: INLINE # 行表达式策略类型# props:#   algorithm-expression: student_$->{id % 2 + 1} # 分片算法表达式，例如根据 order_id 的奇偶性决定使用哪个分表type: CLASS_BASED # 行表达式策略类型props:strategy: STANDARDalgorithmClass‐Name: cloud.cloudwings.hwq.third.common.sharding.TableStandardShardingAlgorithm # 路径

并创建DbStandardShardingAlgorithm.java和TableStandardShardingAlgorithm.java。

import java.util.Collection;import org.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.api.sharding.standard.PreciseShardingValue;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.api.sharding.standard.RangeShardingValue;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.api.sharding.standard.StandardShardingAlgorithm;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;/*** * @author HuWenQing* @date 2025年3月13日 下午3:02:32**/
@Slf4j
public class DbStandardShardingAlgorithm implements StandardShardingAlgorithm<String>{@Overridepublic String getType() {log.info("进入DbStandardShardingAlgorithm的getType方法");return "STANDARD";}@Overridepublic void init() {log.info("进入DbStandardShardingAlgorithm的init方法");}@Overridepublic String doSharding(Collection<String> availableTargetNames, PreciseShardingValue<String> shardingValue) {log.info("进入DbStandardShardingAlgorithm的doSharding1方法：" + availableTargetNames);log.info("进入DbStandardShardingAlgorithm的doSharding1方法：" + shardingValue);String id = String.valueOf(shardingValue.getValue());if(id != null && id.trim().length() > 0) {return "childtrain" + (Integer.parseInt(id) < 2025000 ? 1: 2);}throw new UnsupportedOperationException();}@Overridepublic Collection<String> doSharding(Collection<String> availableTargetNames,RangeShardingValue<String> shardingValue) {log.info("进入DbStandardShardingAlgorithm的doSharding2方法：" + availableTargetNames);log.info("进入DbStandardShardingAlgorithm的doSharding2方法：" + shardingValue);return availableTargetNames;}}

import java.util.Collection;import org.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.api.sharding.standard.PreciseShardingValue;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.api.sharding.standard.RangeShardingValue;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.api.sharding.standard.StandardShardingAlgorithm;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;/*** 分表算法配置* @author HuWenQing* @date 2025年3月10日 下午1:40:46**/
@Slf4j
public class TableStandardShardingAlgorithm implements StandardShardingAlgorithm<String> {@Overridepublic String getType() {log.info("进入TableStandardShardingAlgorithm的getType方法");return "STANDARD";}@Overridepublic void init() {log.info("进入TableStandardShardingAlgorithm的init方法");}@Overridepublic String doSharding(Collection<String> availableTargetNames, PreciseShardingValue<String> shardingValue) {log.info("进入TableStandardShardingAlgorithm的doSharding1方法：" + availableTargetNames);log.info("进入TableStandardShardingAlgorithm的doSharding1方法：" + shardingValue);String id = String.valueOf(shardingValue.getValue());if(id != null && id.trim().length() > 0) {return shardingValue.getLogicTableName() + "_" + (Integer.parseInt(id) % 2 + 1);}throw new UnsupportedOperationException();}@Overridepublic Collection<String> doSharding(Collection<String> availableTargetNames,RangeShardingValue<String> shardingValue) {log.info("进入TableStandardShardingAlgorithm的doSharding2方法：" + availableTargetNames);log.info("进入TableStandardShardingAlgorithm的doSharding2方法：" + shardingValue);return availableTargetNames;}}

最后的运行效果和上面的配置是一样的。

PS：这里补充一下碰到的问题，中间出现启动之后报错：Inline sharding algorithm expression cannot be null.
这个其实我策略名称（sharding-algorithm-name: database_inline）使用了下划线，无法识别到配置信息。阅读官方文档之后，发现策略名称配置成下划线和驼峰都不行。

以下是ShardingSphere5.0.0官方文档9.8.30原文：

9.8.30 [其他] 使用 Spring Boot 2.x 集成 ShardingSphere 时，配置文件中的属性设置不生效？

回答：
需要特别注意，Spring Boot 2.x 环境下配置文件的属性名称约束为仅允许小写字母、数字和短横线，即[a-z][0-9] 和-。
原因如下:
Spring Boot 2.x 环境下，ShardingSphere 通过 Binder 来绑定配置文件，属性名称不规范（如：驼峰或下划线等）会导致属性设置不生效从而校验属性值时抛出 NullPointerException 异常。参考以下错误
示例：
下划线示例：database_inline

spring.shardingsphere.rules.sharding.sharding-algorithms.database_inline.
type=INLINE
spring.shardingsphere.rules.sharding.sharding-algorithms.database_inline.props.
algorithm-expression=ds-$->{user_id % 2}
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating
bean with name 'database_inline': Initialization of bean failed; nested exception
is java.lang.NullPointerException: Inline sharding algorithm expression cannot be
null.
...
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: Inline sharding algorithm expression
cannot be null.
at com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull(Preconditions.java:897)
at org.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.algorithm.sharding.inline.
InlineShardingAlgorithm.getAlgorithmExpression(InlineShardingAlgorithm.java:58)
at org.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.algorithm.sharding.inline.
InlineShardingAlgorithm.init(InlineShardingAlgorithm.java:52)
at org.apache.shardingsphere.spring.boot.registry.
AbstractAlgorithmProvidedBeanRegistry.
postProcessAfterInitialization(AbstractAlgorithmProvidedBeanRegistry.java:98)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.
AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.
applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.
java:431)
...

驼峰示例：databaseInline

spring.shardingsphere.rules.sharding.sharding-algorithms.databaseInline.type=INLINE
spring.shardingsphere.rules.sharding.sharding-algorithms.databaseInline.props.
algorithm-expression=ds-$->{user_id % 2}
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating
bean with name 'databaseInline': Initialization of bean failed; nested exception is
java.lang.NullPointerException: Inline sharding algorithm expression cannot be
null.
9.8. FAQ 315
Apache ShardingSphere document
...
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: Inline sharding algorithm expression
cannot be null.
at com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull(Preconditions.java:897)
at org.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.algorithm.sharding.inline.
InlineShardingAlgorithm.getAlgorithmExpression(InlineShardingAlgorithm.java:58)
at org.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.algorithm.sharding.inline.
InlineShardingAlgorithm.init(InlineShardingAlgorithm.java:52)
at org.apache.shardingsphere.spring.boot.registry.
AbstractAlgorithmProvidedBeanRegistry.
postProcessAfterInitialization(AbstractAlgorithmProvidedBeanRegistry.java:98)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.
AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.
applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.
java:431)
...

从异常堆栈中分析可知：AbstractAlgorithmProvidedBeanRegistry.registerBean 方法调用
PropertyUtil.containPropertyPrefix(environment, prefix) 方法判断指定前缀 prefix
的配置是否存在，而 PropertyUtil.containPropertyPrefix(environment, prefix) 方法，在
Spring Boot 2.x 环境下使用了 Binder，不规范的属性名称（如：驼峰或下划线等）会导致属性设置不生
效。