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本教程将指导你如何在 Spring Boot 项目中集成 Netty，实现 WebSocket 和 TCP 通信。以下是详细的步骤和代码示例。
环境准备
在 你的pom.xml 中添加 Netty 依赖：
<dependency><groupId>io.netty</groupId><artifactId>netty-all</artifactId><version>5.0.0.Alpha2</version>
</dependency>Ws通信具体模块
1.初始服务端代码
import com.leyting.handler.MsgHandler;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler;
import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateHandler;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;@Slf4j
@Component
public class Init implements ApplicationRunner {public static void serverStart(int port) {EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();try {serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup,workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class).childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {@Overrideprotected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) {ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();pipeline.addLast();pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());pipeline.addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());pipeline.addLast(new IdleStateHandler(12,12,12, TimeUnit.DAYS));pipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(1024*64));pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/websocket"));pipeline.addLast(new MsgHandler());}});ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(port).sync();channelFuture.addListener((ChannelFutureListener) channelFuture1 -> {if (channelFuture1.isSuccess()) {log.info("Websocket启动成功，端口:{}", port);}else {log.warn("Websocket启动失败，端口:{}", port);}});channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}finally {bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();}}@Overridepublic void run(ApplicationArguments args) {serverStart(7309);}
}2.信息处理器
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelId;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup;
import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;@Slf4j
public class MsgHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> {public final static Map<ChannelId, Channel> CHANNEL = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();private final static ChannelGroup channelGroups = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);@Overridepublic void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx){channelGroups.add(ctx.channel());SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm:ss");ChannelId id = ctx.channel().id();CHANNEL.put(id, ctx.channel());log.info("客服端：{} 上线了！",id);ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(format.format(new Date()) + " 欢迎你的上线"));}@Overridepublic void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause){cause.printStackTrace();ChannelId id = ctx.channel().id();CHANNEL.remove(id);channelGroups.remove(ctx.channel());log.info("客服端：{} 异常断开！",id);ctx.close();}@Overridepublic void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx){channelGroups.remove(ctx.channel());log.info("客服端：{} 断开连接！",ctx.channel().id());CHANNEL.remove(ctx.channel().id());ctx.close();}@Overrideprotected void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame textWebSocketFrame) throws Exception {if (!CHANNEL.containsKey(ctx.channel().id())) { CHANNEL.put(ctx.channel().id(), ctx.channel());}String msg = textWebSocketFrame.text();log.info("客服端：{} 发送消息：{}", ctx.channel().id(), msg );ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame("服务端收到您发送的信息：" + msg));}
}3.测试用例
WebSocket测试网站
http://wstool.js.org/
Tcp通信具体模块
1.初始服务端代码
import com.leyting.handler.MsgHandler;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
@Slf4j
public class Init implements ApplicationRunner {public static void serverStart(int port) {EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();try {serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup,workerGroup)// 添加通道设置非阻塞.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)// 服务端可连接队列数量.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)// 开启长连接.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, Boolean.TRUE)// 流程处理.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {@Overrideprotected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) {ch.pipeline().addLast(new MsgHandler());}});ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(port).sync();channelFuture.addListener((ChannelFutureListener) channelFuture1 -> {if (channelFuture1.isSuccess()) {log.info("TcpServer启动成功，端口:{}", port);}else {log.error("TcpServer启动失败，端口:{}", port);}});channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}finally {bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();}}@Overridepublic void run(ApplicationArguments args) {serverStart(7311);}
}
2.信息处理器代码
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup;
import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;@Slf4j
public class MsgHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {public final static Map<ChannelId, Channel> CHANNEL = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();private final static ChannelGroup channelGroups = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);@Overridepublic void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {channelGroups.add(ctx.channel());SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm:ss");ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(format.format(new Date()) + " 欢迎你的上线"));ChannelId id = ctx.channel().id();CHANNEL.put(id, ctx.channel());log.info("客服端：{} 上线了！",id);}@Overridepublic void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {cause.printStackTrace();channelGroups.remove(ctx.channel());log.info("客服端：{} 异常！",ctx.channel().id());CHANNEL.remove(ctx.channel().id());ctx.close();}@Overridepublic void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {channelGroups.remove(ctx.channel());log.info("客服端：{} 断开连接！",ctx.channel().id());CHANNEL.remove(ctx.channel().id());ctx.close();}@Overridepublic void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {if (msg instanceof ByteBuf byteBuf) {// 将 ByteBuf 转换为字符串String message = byteBuf.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8);log.info("客服端：{} 发送消息：{}", ctx.channel().id(), message);ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("服务端收到您发送的信息：" + message, CharsetUtil.UTF_8));} else {log.info("客服端：{} 发送未知类型的消息：{}", ctx.channel().id(), msg);}}}