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在项目开发过程中，如果是一些简单的工程，非分布式工程，一般我们可以使用@EnableScheduling注解和@Scheduled注解实现简单的定时任务，也可以使用SchedulingConfigurer接口来实现定时任务。那如何动态的来生成定时任务呢？下面是具体步骤，可以结合数据库，来存储定时任务所需要的参数数据，如bean的名称、方法名，方法参数、执行的表达式等等。

1、配置定时任务需要的线程池

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.TaskScheduler;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskScheduler;// 配置定时任务线程池
@Configuration
public class SchedulingConfig {@Beanpublic TaskScheduler taskScheduler() {ThreadPoolTaskScheduler taskScheduler = new ThreadPoolTaskScheduler();// 定时任务执行线程池核心线程数taskScheduler.setPoolSize(4);taskScheduler.setRemoveOnCancelPolicy(true);taskScheduler.setThreadNamePrefix("TaskSchedulerThreadPool-test-");return taskScheduler;}
}

2、创建ScheduledFuture的包装类

// ScheduledFuture的包装类
public final class ScheduledTask {volatile ScheduledFuture<?> future;/*** 取消定时任务*/public void cancel() {ScheduledFuture<?> future = this.future;if (future != null) {future.cancel(true);}}
}

3、注册定时任务，增加、删除任务

/*** 添加定时任务注册，用来增加、删除定时任务。*/
@Component
public class CronTaskRegistrar implements DisposableBean {private final Map<Runnable, ScheduledTask> scheduledTasks = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16);@Autowiredprivate TaskScheduler taskScheduler;public TaskScheduler getScheduler() {return this.taskScheduler;}// 添加定时任务public void addCronTask(Runnable task, String cronExpression) {addCronTask(new CronTask(task, cronExpression));}// 添加定时任务public void addCronTask(CronTask cronTask) {if (cronTask != null) {Runnable task = cronTask.getRunnable();if (this.scheduledTasks.containsKey(task)) {removeCronTask(task);}this.scheduledTasks.put(task, scheduleCronTask(cronTask));}}// 移除定时任务public void removeCronTask(Runnable task) {ScheduledTask scheduledTask = this.scheduledTasks.remove(task);if (scheduledTask != null)scheduledTask.cancel();}public ScheduledTask scheduleCronTask(CronTask cronTask) {ScheduledTask scheduledTask = new ScheduledTask();scheduledTask.future = this.taskScheduler.schedule(cronTask.getRunnable(), cronTask.getTrigger());return scheduledTask;}@Overridepublic void destroy() {for (ScheduledTask task : this.scheduledTasks.values()) {task.cancel();}this.scheduledTasks.clear();}
}

4、创建具体执行bean中方法的类

// 添加Runnable接口实现类，被定时任务线程池调用，用来执行指定bean里面的方法。
@Slf4j
public class SchedulingRunnable implements Runnable {// bean名称private String beanName;// 方法名称private String methodName;// 方法参数private String params;public SchedulingRunnable(String beanName, String methodName) {this(beanName, methodName, null);}public SchedulingRunnable(String beanName, String methodName, String params) {this.beanName = beanName;this.methodName = methodName;this.params = params;}@Overridepublic void run() {log.info("定时任务开始执行 - bean：{}，方法：{}，参数：{}", beanName, methodName, params);long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();try {Object target = SpringContextUtils.getBean(beanName);Method method = null;if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(params)) {method = target.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(methodName, String.class);} else {method = target.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(methodName);}ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(method);if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(params)) {method.invoke(target, params);} else {method.invoke(target);}} catch (Exception ex) {log.error(String.format("定时任务执行异常 - bean：%s，方法：%s，参数：%s ", beanName, methodName, params), ex);}long times = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;log.info("定时任务执行结束 - bean：{}，方法：{}，参数：{}，耗时：{} 毫秒", beanName, methodName, params, times);}@Overridepublic boolean equals(Object o) {if (this == o) return true;if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;SchedulingRunnable that = (SchedulingRunnable) o;if (params == null) {return beanName.equals(that.beanName) &&methodName.equals(that.methodName) &&that.params == null;}return beanName.equals(that.beanName) &&methodName.equals(that.methodName) &&params.equals(that.params);}@Overridepublic int hashCode() {if (params == null) {return Objects.hash(beanName, methodName);}return Objects.hash(beanName, methodName, params);}
}

5、从spring容器里获取bean

// 从spring容器里获取bean
@Component
public class SpringContextUtils implements ApplicationContextAware {private static ApplicationContext applicationContext;@Overridepublic void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext)throws BeansException {SpringContextUtils.applicationContext = applicationContext;}public static Object getBean(String name) {return applicationContext.getBean(name);}public static <T> T getBean(Class<T> requiredType) {return applicationContext.getBean(requiredType);}public static <T> T getBean(String name, Class<T> requiredType) {return applicationContext.getBean(name, requiredType);}public static boolean containsBean(String name) {return applicationContext.containsBean(name);}public static boolean isSingleton(String name) {return applicationContext.isSingleton(name);}public static Class<? extends Object> getType(String name) {return applicationContext.getType(name);}
}

6、创建具体执行的bean以及方法

// 测试类
@Component("testTask")
public class TestTask {/*** 有参方法* @param params*/public void taskWithParams(String params) {System.out.println("执行有参示例任务：" + params);}/*** 无惨方法*/public void taskNoParams() {System.out.println("执行无参示例任务");}
}

7、接口测试类

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController {@Autowiredprivate CronTaskRegistrar cronTaskRegistrar;@RequestMapping("/addTest")public String addTest(boolean flg){SchedulingRunnable task;if (flg) {// 创建无惨任务task = new SchedulingRunnable("testTask", "taskNoParams");}else {task = new SchedulingRunnable("testTask", "taskWithParams", "hello word");}cronTaskRegistrar.addCronTask(task, "0/1 * * * * *");return "ok";}@RequestMapping("/updateTest")public String updateTest(boolean flg){//先移除再添加if(flg) {// 创建无惨任务SchedulingRunnable task = new SchedulingRunnable("testTask", "taskNoParams");cronTaskRegistrar.removeCronTask(task);}else {SchedulingRunnable task = new SchedulingRunnable("testTask", "taskWithParams", "hello word");cronTaskRegistrar.removeCronTask(task);}SchedulingRunnable task = new SchedulingRunnable("testTask", "taskWithParams", "hello word");cronTaskRegistrar.addCronTask(task, "0/5 * * * * *");return "ok";}@RequestMapping("/delTest")public String delTest(){SchedulingRunnable task = new SchedulingRunnable("testTask", "taskNoParams");cronTaskRegistrar.removeCronTask(task);return "ok";}@RequestMapping("/startTest")public String startTest(boolean flg){/*** 启停定时任务的逻辑就是创建新的任务或者删除任务，参数一致即可* 可以结合数据库，将配置信息存入数据库*/if(flg) {SchedulingRunnable task = new SchedulingRunnable("testTask", "taskNoParams");cronTaskRegistrar.addCronTask(task, "0/5 * * * * *");}else {SchedulingRunnable task = new SchedulingRunnable("testTask", "taskNoParams");cronTaskRegistrar.removeCronTask(task);}return "ok";}
}

8、结合数据库，创建对应的实体

// 定时任务实体
@Data
public class JobEntity {/*** 任务ID*/private Integer jobId;/*** bean名称*/private String beanName;/*** 方法名称*/private String methodName;/*** 方法参数*/private String methodParams;/*** cron表达式*/private String cronExpression;/*** 状态（1正常 0暂停）*/private Integer jobStatus;/*** 备注*/private String remark;/*** 创建时间*/private Date createTime;/*** 更新时间*/private Date updateTime;}

9、读取数据库要执行的任务

在程序启动的时候，读取数据库，并创建要执行任务

/*** @description:    初始化数据库任务，可以再程启动的时候加载数据库里的任务* @author: HK* @since: 2025/4/21 18:21*/
@Component
@Slf4j
public class InitTask implements CommandLineRunner {@Autowiredprivate CronTaskRegistrar cronTaskRegistrar;@Overridepublic void run(String... args) {// 初始加载数据库里状态为正常的定时任务
/*        List<SysJobPO> jobList = service.getJobList("1");if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(jobList)) {for (SysJobPO job : jobList) {SchedulingRunnable task = new SchedulingRunnable(job.getBeanName(), job.getMethodName(), job.getMethodParams());cronTaskRegistrar.addCronTask(task, job.getCronExpression());}log.info("定时任务已加载完毕...");}*/}
}