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建站用帝国还是wordpress,成品网站源码的优化技巧,mvc5 网站开发美學 pdf,学做网站多长时间前言 Oracle 数据库使用 Data Guard 搭建主从，在主库发生故障时。可以切换至备库支持生产。 目的 主从目的是为了增加数据库的容错率。降低生产数据库崩溃导致业务停顿的几率。当前文档的操作可直接应用至生产环境。但其中的参数基于业务具体情况可适当修改。 系…

前言

Oracle 数据库使用 Data Guard 搭建主从，在主库发生故障时。可以切换至备库支持生产。

目的

主从目的是为了增加数据库的容错率。降低生产数据库崩溃导致业务停顿的几率。当前文档的操作可直接应用至生产环境。但其中的参数基于业务具体情况可适当修改。

系统信息

OSDatabaseMemoryDiskNameIPOS User
Oracle RHEL 5.810.2.0.532G500GMaster192.168.136.11oracle
Oracle RHEL 5.810.2.0.532G500GSlave192.168.136.211oracle

Linux安装

1、Linux安装将不再演示

# 可参见该文档
https://blog.csdn.net/palpitate_TAN/article/details/146173409

2、IP 设置

# 编辑 hosts
$ vi /etc/hosts
192.168.136.11  master.localdomain.com master
192.168.136.211  slave.localdomain.com slave# 注意：更改主机名时，需要三台机器均执行，不同的服务器添加对应的一个名即可
$ vi /etc/hostname
master
slave

3、关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewlld.service && systemctl disable firewlld.service

4、关闭Selinux策略

vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

5、关闭透明大页和numa

6、开启Hugesize
目前这个值的计算方式很复杂。如果需要设置请私信我!!!

数据库配置

1、环境变量配置

# 主库oracle用户
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/db/10.2.0
ORACLE_SID=master
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
alias dba="sqlplus / as sysdba"
export PATH ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID# 从库oracle用户
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/db/10.2.0
ORACLE_SID=slave
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
alias dba="sqlplus / as sysdba"
export PATH ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID

主库设置

2、主库开启归档

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /u01/db/arch/
Oldest online log sequence     98
Next log sequence to archive   0
Current log sequence           102--如未开启归档，请打开
SQL>shutdown immediate
SQL>startup mount;
SQL>alter database archivelog;
SQL>alter database open;

3、主库强制日志模式

--开启强制日志
SQL>alter database force logging;
--查询实例的归档模式和强制日志
SQL> select log_mode,force_logging from v$database;LOG_MODE     FOR
------------ ---
ARCHIVELOG   YES

4、主库追加redo

SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 4 '/u01/db/oradata/master/standby04.log' size 50M;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 5 '/u01/db/oradata/master/standby05.log' size 50M;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 6 '/u01/db/oradata/master/standby06.log' size 50M;

5、主库配置tnsnames.ora

MASTER =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.136.11)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = MASTER)))SLAVE =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.136.211)(PORT = 1522))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = SLAVE)))

6、主库配置listener.ora

MASTER =(DESCRIPTION_LIST =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.136.11)(PORT = 1521))(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1522))))
SID_LIST_MASTER =(SID_LIST =(SID_DESC =(GLOBAL_DBNAME = master)(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/db/10.2.0)(SID_NAME = master)))

7、主库参数文件配置

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/db/10.2.0/admin/master/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/db/10.2.0/admin/master/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/u01/db/oradata/master/control01.ctl','/u01/db/oradata/master/control02.ctl','/u01/db/oradata/master/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/db/10.2.0/admin/master/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/db/10.2.0/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=masterXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=402653184
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=1209008128
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/db/10.2.0/admin/master/udump'# DG Parameter
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.db_name='master'
*.db_unique_name='master'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(master,slave)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/db/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=master'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=slave valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=slave'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'
*.fal_server='slave'
*.fal_client='master'
*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/db/oradata/master','/u01/db/oradata/master'
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/db/oradata/master','/u01/db/oradata/ master '
*.standby_file_management='auto'

8、主库执行Rman完全备份

RMAN> backup database;Starting backup at 27-FEB-25
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=146 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00002 name=/u01/db/oradata/master/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00001 name=/u01/db/oradata/master/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/u01/db/oradata/master/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno=00005 name=/u01/db/oradata/master/example01.dbf
input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/db/oradata/master/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 27-FEB-25
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 27-FEB-25
piece handle=/u01/db/10.2.0/flash_recovery_area/MASTER/backupset/2025_02_27/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20250227T141156_mw00kdbk_.bkp tag=TAG202502          27T141156 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including current control file in backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 27-FEB-25
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 27-FEB-25
piece handle=/u01/db/10.2.0/flash_recovery_area/MASTER/backupset/2025_02_27/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20250227T141156_mw00lhj6_.bkp tag=TAG202502          27T141156 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 27-FEB-25# 备份文件存储路径
$ /u01/db/10.2.0/flash_recovery_area/MASTER/backupset/2025_02_27

9、主库密码文件配置

$ orapwd file=orapwmaster password=admin!11

10、主库发送文件到从库

$ scp ../ tnsnames.ora  listener.ora 192.168.136.211: /u01/db/10.2.0/network/admin/
$ scp initmaster.ora orapwmaster 192.168.136.211: /u01/db/10.2.0/dbs# 注意：主库需要将控制文件发送至从库
$ scp /u01/db/oradata/master/control01.ctl control02.ctl control03.ctl 192.168.136.211: /u01/db/oradata/slave

从库配置

1、从库创建备份文件保存路径

# 注意：在主库发送备份文件时，从库需要创建和主库备份文件一样的存储的路径，因为当前方式使用的是主库的控制文件，所以无法识别其它路径。同时需要创建和主库一致的数据库文件存储路径，必须完全一致$ mkdir –p /u01/db/10.2.0/flash_recovery_area/MASTER/backupset/2025_02_27
$ mkdir –p /u01/db/oradata/master

2、从库配置tnsnames.ora

SLAVE =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.136.211)(PORT = 1522))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = SLAVE)))MASTER =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.136.11)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = master)))

3、从库配置listener.ora

SLAVE =(DESCRIPTION_LIST =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.136.211)(PORT = 1522))(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1522))))
SID_LIST_SLAVE =(SID_LIST =(SID_DESC =(GLOBAL_DBNAME = slave)(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/db/10.2.0)(SID_NAME = slave)))

4、从库参数文件配置

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/db/10.2.0/admin/slave/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/db/10.2.0/admin/slave/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/u01/db/oradata/slave/control01.ctl','/u01/db/oradata/slave/control02.ctl','/u01/db/oradata/slave/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/db/10.2.0/admin/slave/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/db/10.2.0/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=masterXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=402653184
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=1209008128
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/db/10.2.0/admin/slave/udump'# DG Parameter
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.db_name='master'
*.db_unique_name='slave'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(master,slave)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/db/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=slave'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'
*.fal_server='master'
*.fal_client='slave'
*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/db/oradata/master','/u01/db/oradata/master'
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/db/oradata/master','/u01/db/oradata/master'
*.standby_file_management='auto'

5、从库启动监听

[oracle@slave dbs]$ lsnrctl start slaveLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 27-FEB-2025 16:54:52Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.136.211)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     slave
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
Start Date                27-FEB-2025 14:27:28
Uptime                    0 days 2 hr. 27 min. 24 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/db/10.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/db/10.2.0/network/log/slave.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.136.211)(PORT=1522)))(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "slave" has 1 instance(s).Instance "slave", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

6、从库创建文件夹

$ mkdir –p /u01/db/10.2.0/admin/slave/adump
$ mkdir –p /u01/db/10.2.0/admin/slave/bdump
$ mkdir –p /u01/db/oradata/slave
$ mkdir –p /u01/db/10.2.0/admin/slave/cdump
$ mkdir –p /u01/db/10.2.0/flash_recovery_area
$ mkdir –p /u01/db/10.2.0/admin/slave/udump

7、从库启动到mount

$ sqlplus sys/admin*11@slave as sysdba
SQL> startup nomount pfile='initslave.ora'
SQL>alter database mount standby database;

8、从库开始还原

$ rman target /
RMAN> restore database;Starting restore at 27-FEB-25
using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/db/oradata/master/system01.dbf
restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/db/oradata/master/undotbs01.dbf
restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/db/oradata/master/sysaux01.dbf
restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/db/oradata/master/users01.dbf
restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/db/oradata/master/example01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/db/10.2.0/flash_recovery_area/MASTER/backupset/2025_02_27/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20250227T141156_mw00kdbk_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/db/10.2.0/flash_recovery_area/MASTER/backupset/2025_02_27/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20250227T141156_mw00kdbk_.bkp tag=TAG20250227T141156
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished restore at 27-FEB-25RMAN> exit

主库配置

1、主库创建从库控制文件

# 注意：此处是在主库操作
$ sqlplus sys/admin@master as sysdba
SQL>alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/db/10.2.0/control.ctl';

2、主库发送新备库控制文件

$ scp /u01/db/10.2.0/control.ctl /u01/db/oradata/slave

从库配置

1、从库关机

SQL>shutdown immediate

2、从库更改控制文件

$ cd /u01/db/oradata/slave
$ mv control01.ctl control01.ctl.bak
$ mv control02.ctl control02.ctl.bak
$ mv control03.ctl control03.ctl.bak# 复制新的控制文件
$ cp control.ctl control01.ctl
$ cp control.ctl control02.ctl
$ cp control.ctl control03.ctl

3、从库重新启动

SQL>startup nomount pfile='initslave.ora';
SQL>alter database mount standby database;

4、从库启动日志同步

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

数据校验

注意：只要此处显示了和主库归档日志一样的sequence#编号及APPLIED的值为YES，即数据同步

SQL> select SEQUENCE#,FIRST_TIME,NEXT_TIME ,APPLIED from v$archived_log order by 1;SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME APP
---------- --------- --------- ---39 27-FEB-25 27-FEB-25 YES40 27-FEB-25 27-FEB-25 YES41 27-FEB-25 27-FEB-25 YES42 27-FEB-25 27-FEB-25 YES
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