Django项目无法调取swagger.json接口数据

在 Django REST Framework (DRF) 项目中，Swagger (drf-yasg) 解析 get_queryset() 时，如果 get_queryset() 返回 list 而不是 QuerySet，会导致 AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'model' 错误。本文记录该问题的调试过程及最终解决方案。

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "G:\MyGitProject\venv\dv3admin\lib\site-packages\rest_framework\views.py", line 506, in dispatch
    response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
  File "G:\MyGitProject\venv\dv3admin\lib\site-packages\drf_yasg\views.py", line 96, in get
    schema = generator.get_schema(request, self.public)
  File "G:\MyGitProject\MyTools\MyToolsBak\MyToolsBak-HostServer\dvadmin\utils\swagger.py", line 39, in get_schema
    swagger = super().get_schema(request, public)
  File "G:\MyGitProject\venv\dv3admin\lib\site-packages\drf_yasg\generators.py", line 276, in get_schema
    paths, prefix = self.get_paths(endpoints, components, request, public)
  File "G:\MyGitProject\venv\dv3admin\lib\site-packages\drf_yasg\generators.py", line 482, in get_paths
    operation = self.get_operation(view, path, prefix, method, components, request)
  File "G:\MyGitProject\venv\dv3admin\lib\site-packages\drf_yasg\generators.py", line 524, in get_operation
    operation = view_inspector.get_operation(operation_keys)
  File "G:\MyGitProject\venv\dv3admin\lib\site-packages\drf_yasg\inspectors\view.py", line 33, in get_operation
    query = self.get_query_parameters()
  File "G:\MyGitProject\venv\dv3admin\lib\site-packages\drf_yasg\inspectors\view.py", line 293, in get_query_parameters
    natural_parameters = self.get_filter_parameters() + self.get_pagination_parameters()
  File "G:\MyGitProject\venv\dv3admin\lib\site-packages\drf_yasg\inspectors\base.py", line 409, in get_filter_parameters
    fields += self.probe_inspectors(self.filter_inspectors, 'get_filter_parameters', filter_backend()) or []
  File "G:\MyGitProject\venv\dv3admin\lib\site-packages\drf_yasg\inspectors\base.py", line 110, in probe_inspectors
    result = method(obj, **kwargs)
  File "G:\MyGitProject\venv\dv3admin\lib\site-packages\drf_yasg\inspectors\query.py", line 42, in get_filter_parameters
    return list(map(self.param_to_schema, filter_backend.get_schema_operation_parameters(self.view)))
  File "G:\MyGitProject\venv\dv3admin\lib\site-packages\django_filters\rest_framework\backends.py", line 146, in get_schema_operation_parameters
    filterset_class = self.get_filterset_class(view, queryset)
  File "G:\MyGitProject\venv\dv3admin\lib\site-packages\django_filters\rest_framework\backends.py", line 40, in get_filterset_class
    queryset.model, filterset_model
AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'model'

该错误发生在 drf-yasg 解析 Swagger API 文档时，表明某个 ViewSet 的 get_queryset() 方法返回了 list，而 Swagger 期望 QuerySet。

错误代码示例

# ❌ 错误示例：返回 list

def get_queryset(self):
    fixed_ids = [11, 12]
    fixed_records = ArticleTag.objects.filter(id__in=fixed_ids)

    remaining_records = ArticleTag.objects.exclude(id__in=fixed_ids)
    random_records = remaining_records.order_by('?')[:5]

    queryset = list(fixed_records) + list(random_records)  # ❌ 把 QuerySet 变成了 list
    return queryset  # ❌ Swagger 解析失败

比如我的代码里是这样的，仔细看发布时发现问题了。

 def get_queryset(self):
        # 获取固定的记录
        fixed_ids = [11, 12]
        fixed_records = ArticleTag.objects.filter(id__in=fixed_ids)

        # 获取其余的记录
        remaining_records = ArticleTag.objects.exclude(id__in=fixed_ids)

        # 随机选择5个记录
        random_records = remaining_records.order_by('?')[:5]

        # 合并固定记录和随机记录
        queryset = list(fixed_records) + list(random_records)
        return queryset

确保 get_queryset() 返回 QuerySet

使用 union() 合并多个 QuerySet

# ✅ 正确示例：使用 `union()`
def get_queryset(self):
    fixed_ids = [11, 12]
    fixed_records = ArticleTag.objects.filter(id__in=fixed_ids)

    remaining_records = ArticleTag.objects.exclude(id__in=fixed_ids)
    random_records = remaining_records.order_by('?')[:5]

    queryset = fixed_records.union(random_records)  # ✅ 确保返回 QuerySet
    return queryset

✅ union() 组合两个 QuerySet，避免 list 类型错误。

---

如何调试 get_queryset() 返回类型

手动打印 get_queryset() 返回值类型

# 在所有 ViewSet 里加入调试代码
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

def get_queryset(self):
    queryset = ArticleTag.objects.all()
    logger.debug(f"🔍 调试: {self.__class__.__name__}.get_queryset() 返回 {type(queryset)}")
    return queryset

执行 Swagger 请求 (http://127.0.0.1:8000/swagger.json) 后，检查 django.log 里打印的 queryset 类型。

在 Django Shell 里手动测试

python manage.py shell

然后执行：

from app.views import ExampleViewSet
view = ExampleViewSet()
print(type(view.get_queryset()))  # 如果输出 <class 'list'>，说明有问题

如果 get_queryset() 返回 list，则需要修改代码，确保它返回 QuerySet。

✅ 其他常见问题 & 解决方案

问题	错误代码	解决方案
get_queryset() 直接返回了 list	return list(queryset)	改成 QuerySet，如 queryset.union(another_queryset)
.values() 或 .values_list(..., flat=True) 可能导致 list	queryset.values('field')	改成 .values_list('field', flat=True)
解析 Swagger 时找不到出错的 API	swagger.py 解析失败	在 swagger.py 里 logger.error("Swagger 解析失败: {e}")
Django Shell 运行 view.get_queryset() 发现返回 list	python manage.py shell	修复 get_queryset()，确保返回 QuerySet

---

总结

如何防止 AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'model' 错误？

1️⃣ 确保 get_queryset() 返回 QuerySet，而不是 list
2️⃣ 使用 union() 代替 list + list
3️⃣ 检查 .values() 是否返回 list，改成 .values_list(..., flat=True)
4️⃣ 用 print(type(queryset)) 或 Django Shell 调试

🚀 这样，Swagger 解析不会再出错，API 文档可以正常生成！ 🎯