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一. 前言

在Web开发中实现音频录制功能是许多应用场景的常见需求。本文将通过一个完整的Vue 3组件示例，详细解析如何利用现代浏览器API实现网页端的录音功能。

二. 技术实现

1.核心API介绍

MediaRecorder API 是实现录音功能的核心，它允许我们直接捕获来自用户设备的媒体流。主要方法：

getUserMedia() 获取媒体设备权限
MediaRecorder() 创建录音实例
ondataavailable 接收音频数据
onstop 处理录音结束事件

2.模板部分

<template><div class="voice-recorder"><!-- 录音控制 --><button @click="toggleRecording" :class="{ recording: isRecording }">{{ isRecording ? "停止录音" : "开始录音" }}</button><!-- 生成的音频文件列表 --><div v-if="audioFiles.length > 0" class="audio-list"><div v-for="(audio, index) in audioFiles" :key="index"><audio controls :src="audio.url"></audio></div></div></div>
</template>

3.核心逻辑实现

const isRecording = ref(false);
const mediaRecorder = ref(null);
const audioChunks = ref([]);
const audioFiles = ref([]);
// 开始录音
const startRecording = async (e) => {if (isRecording.value) return;try {audioChunks.value = [];const stream = await navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({ audio: true });mediaRecorder.value = new MediaRecorder(stream);mediaRecorder.value.ondataavailable = (e) => {audioChunks.value.push(e.data);};mediaRecorder.value.onstop = () => {const audioBlob = new Blob(audioChunks.value, { type: "audio/webm" });const audioURL = URL.createObjectURL(audioBlob);audioFiles.value.push({name: `recording_${Date.now()}.${getFileExtension(audioBlob.type)}`,url: audioURL,});audioChunks.value = [];};mediaRecorder.value.start();isRecording.value = true;} catch (error) {console.error("录音错误:", error);}
};

4. 关键功能点解析

(1) 音频格式处理
通过MIME类型映射获取文件扩展名：

// 获取文件扩展名
const getFileExtension = (mimeType) => {const extensions = {"audio/webm": "webm","audio/ogg": "ogg","audio/mp4": "mp4","audio/mpeg": "mp3","audio/wav": "wav",};return extensions[mimeType] || "webm";
};

(2) 资源管理
组件卸载时自动释放资源：

//停止录音
const stopRecording = () => {console.log("停止录音");isRecording.value = false;if (mediaRecorder.value) {mediaRecorder.value.stop();mediaRecorder.value.stream.getTracks().forEach((track) => track.stop());}
};
// 清理资源
onUnmounted(() => {stopRecording();
});

三. 完整代码

<template><div class="voice-recorder"><!-- 录音控制 --><button @click="toggleRecording" :class="{ recording: isRecording }">{{ isRecording ? "停止录音" : "开始录音" }}</button><!-- 生成的音频文件列表 --><div v-if="audioFiles.length > 0" class="audio-list"><div v-for="(audio, index) in audioFiles" :key="index"><audio controls :src="audio.url"></audio></div></div></div>
</template><script setup>
const isRecording = ref(false);
const mediaRecorder = ref(null);
const audioChunks = ref([]);
const audioFiles = ref([]);// 开始录音
const startRecording = async (e) => {if (isRecording.value) return;try {audioChunks.value = [];const stream = await navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({ audio: true });mediaRecorder.value = new MediaRecorder(stream);mediaRecorder.value.ondataavailable = (e) => {audioChunks.value.push(e.data);};mediaRecorder.value.onstop = () => {const audioBlob = new Blob(audioChunks.value, { type: "audio/webm" });const audioURL = URL.createObjectURL(audioBlob);audioFiles.value.push({name: `recording_${Date.now()}.${getFileExtension(audioBlob.type)}`,url: audioURL,});audioChunks.value = [];};mediaRecorder.value.start();isRecording.value = true;} catch (error) {console.error("录音错误:", error);}
};//停止录音
const stopRecording = () => {console.log("停止录音");isRecording.value = false;if (mediaRecorder.value) {mediaRecorder.value.stop();mediaRecorder.value.stream.getTracks().forEach((track) => track.stop());}
};// 获取文件扩展名
const getFileExtension = (mimeType) => {const extensions = {"audio/webm": "webm","audio/ogg": "ogg","audio/mp4": "mp4","audio/mpeg": "mp3","audio/wav": "wav",};return extensions[mimeType] || "webm";
};// 切换录音状态
const toggleRecording = () => {if (!isRecording.value) {startRecording();} else {if (mediaRecorder.value) {mediaRecorder.value.stop();mediaRecorder.value.stream.getTracks().forEach((track) => track.stop());}}isRecording.value = !isRecording.value;
};// 清理资源
onUnmounted(() => {stopRecording();
});
</script><style lang="scss" scoped>
.voice-recorder {max-width: 800px;margin: 0 auto;padding: 20px;button {padding: 12px 24px;background: #42b983;color: white;border: none;border-radius: 6px;cursor: pointer;transition: background 0.3s;&.recording {background: #ff4444;}}button:hover {background: #3aa876;}button:disabled {background: #ddd;cursor: not-allowed;}
}.recording {background-color: #ff4444;color: white;
}.audio-list {margin-top: 20px;
}
</style>

四. 功能扩展建议

添加录音时长显示
实现音频波形可视化