CentOS修改MySQL数据目录后重启失败的问题及解决方案

问题描述

由于磁盘空间不足，想要迁移MySQL数据存储目录，修改完 my.cnf 配置文件之后，重启失败（如下图），查看 mysqld.log 之后看到如下报错内容（如下图）：

2025-10-17T02:09:52.864185Z 0 [System] [MY-015015] [Server] MySQL Server - start.
2025-10-17T02:09:53.081737Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010091] [Server] Can't create test file /home/mysql/mysqld_tmp_file_case_insensitive_test.lower-test
2025-10-17T02:09:53.081810Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.4.6) starting as process 2918986
2025-10-17T02:09:53.084738Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010091] [Server] Can't create test file /home/mysql/mysqld_tmp_file_case_insensitive_test.lower-test
2025-10-17T02:09:53.084744Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010159] [Server] Setting lower_case_table_names=2 because file system for /home/mysql/ is case insensitive
mysqld: File './binlog.index' not found (OS errno 13 - Permission denied)
2025-10-17T02:09:53.085953Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
2025-10-17T02:09:53.087281Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.4.6)  MySQL Community Server - GPL.
2025-10-17T02:09:53.087301Z 0 [System] [MY-015016] [Server] MySQL Server - end.

解决方案

经排查发现，是 selinux 配置限制，需要进行如下配置，即可解决：

# 添加正确的类型（mysqld_db_t）
sudo semanage fcontext -a -t mysqld_db_t "/home/mysql(/.*)?"# 应用上下文
sudo restorecon -Rv /home/mysql/

重启 MySQL 服务：

systemctl restart mysqld

*********************************只要思想不滑坡，办法总比困难多*********************************