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Spring Boot WebSocket实时在线人数统计

news 2025/8/12 20:42:11

一、技术架构设计

1.1 系统组件

前端：浏览器客户端（支持SockJS）
WebSocket服务：Spring Boot + STOMP协议
状态存储：内存存储或Redis集群
消息代理：SimpleBroker或RabbitMQ/ActiveMQ

1.2 通信流程

二、完整实现方案

2.1 依赖配置

Maven依赖

<dependencies><!-- Web支持 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><!-- WebSocket支持 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId></dependency><!-- Redis集成（可选） --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId></dependency>
</dependencies>

WebSocket配置类

@Configuration
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker
public class WebSocketConfig implements WebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {@Overridepublic void configureMessageBroker(MessageBrokerRegistry registry) {// 客户端订阅前缀registry.enableSimpleBroker("/topic");// 服务端接收前缀registry.setApplicationDestinationPrefixes("/app");}@Overridepublic void registerStompEndpoints(StompEndpointRegistry registry) {registry.addEndpoint("/ws").setAllowedOrigins("*").withSockJS();}
}

2.2 核心业务实现

在线用户服务

@Service
public class OnlineUserService {private final Set<String> onlineUsers = ConcurrentHashMap.newKeySet();// 分布式场景使用Redis// @Autowired// private RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;public void userConnected(String sessionId, String username) {onlineUsers.add(username);// redisTemplate.opsForSet().add("online:users", username);broadcastCount();}public void userDisconnected(String username) {onlineUsers.remove(username);// redisTemplate.opsForSet().remove("online:users", username);broadcastCount();}public int getOnlineCount() {return onlineUsers.size();// return redisTemplate.opsForSet().size("online:users").intValue();}private void broadcastCount() {messagingTemplate.convertAndSend("/topic/onlineUsers",new OnlineUserCount(getOnlineCount()));}@Autowiredprivate SimpMessagingTemplate messagingTemplate;
}

WebSocket控制器

@Controller
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class WebSocketController {private final OnlineUserService onlineUserService;@MessageMapping("/hello")public void handleGreeting(HelloMessage message,SimpMessageHeaderAccessor headerAccessor) {String sessionId = headerAccessor.getSessionId();onlineUserService.userConnected(sessionId, message.getUsername());}@EventListenerpublic void handleDisconnect(SessionDisconnectEvent event) {String username = event.getUser().getName();onlineUserService.userDisconnected(username);}
}

2.3 前端实现

HTML页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title>在线人数统计</title><script src="<https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/sockjs/1.1.4/sockjs.min.js>"></script><script src="<https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/stomp.js/2.3.3/stomp.min.js>"></script>
</head>
<body><div>当前在线人数: <span id="count">0</span></div><script>const socket = new SockJS('/ws');const stompClient = Stomp.over(socket);stompClient.connect({}, function(frame) {// 订阅人数更新stompClient.subscribe('/topic/onlineUsers', function(response) {const data = JSON.parse(response.body);document.getElementById('count').textContent = data.count;});// 发送登录消息stompClient.send("/app/hello", {},JSON.stringify({'username': 'user_123'}));});</script>
</body>
</html>

三、高级功能扩展

3.1 分布式解决方案

Redis集成配置

@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {@Beanpublic RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>();template.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());template.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());return template;}
}

集群感知服务

@Service
public class ClusterOnlineUserService {private static final String ONLINE_USERS_KEY = "online:users";@Autowiredprivate RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;public void userConnected(String userId) {redisTemplate.opsForSet().add(ONLINE_USERS_KEY, userId);redisTemplate.expire(ONLINE_USERS_KEY, 1, TimeUnit.HOURS);}public void userDisconnected(String userId) {redisTemplate.opsForSet().remove(ONLINE_USERS_KEY, userId);}public long getOnlineCount() {Long size = redisTemplate.opsForSet().size(ONLINE_USERS_KEY);return size != null ? size : 0;}
}

3.2 心跳检测机制

服务端配置

@Configuration
public class WebSocketHeartbeatConfig {@Beanpublic ServletServerContainerFactoryBean createWebSocketContainer() {ServletServerContainerFactoryBean container = new ServletServerContainerFactoryBean();container.setMaxSessionIdleTimeout(30000L); // 30秒超时return container;}
}

前端心跳

// 每20秒发送心跳
setInterval(() => {stompClient.send("/app/heartbeat", {}, "ping");
}, 20000);

四、生产环境优化

4.1 性能调优参数

application.yml配置

spring:websocket:max-text-message-buffer-size: 8192max-binary-message-buffer-size: 8192server:compression:enabled: truemime-types: text/html,text/css,application/javascript,application/json

4.2 监控指标暴露

Actuator集成

@Bean
public MeterRegistryCustomizer<MeterRegistry> metricsCustomizer() {return registry -> {registry.gauge("websocket.sessions", onlineUserService,OnlineUserService::getOnlineCount);};
}

4.3 安全防护

CSRF防护配置

@Configuration
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {@Overrideprotected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.csrf().disable() // 禁用CSRF以便WebSocket连接.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/ws/**").permitAll().anyRequest().authenticated();}
}

限流保护

@Bean
public WebSocketRateLimiter webSocketRateLimiter() {return new WebSocketRateLimiter(100, 1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
}@ControllerAdvice
public class WebSocketExceptionHandler {@MessageExceptionHandler@SendToUser("/queue/errors")public String handleException(Exception ex) {return "错误: " + ex.getMessage();}
}

五、测试验证方案

5.1 JMeter压力测试

测试计划配置

创建WebSocket连接采样器
添加100个并发用户
配置消息发送间隔
添加聚合报告监听器

5.2 自动化测试

Spring Boot测试类

@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class WebSocketTests {@Autowiredprivate WebSocketHandler handler;@Testvoid testOnlineCount() throws Exception {Mockito.when(onlineUserService.getOnlineCount()).thenReturn(5);WebSocketSession session = mock(WebSocketSession.class);handler.afterConnectionEstablished(session);assertEquals(5, handler.getOnlineCount());}
}