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io_destroy系统调用及示例

news 2025/8/4 12:11:54

io_destroy 函数详解

1. 函数介绍

io_destroy 是Linux传统异步I/O (AIO) 系统调用，用于销毁和清理之前通过 io_setup 创建的异步I/O上下文。它是AIO框架的重要组成部分，负责释放与AIO上下文相关的所有内核资源，包括环形缓冲区、等待队列和其他内部数据结构。

2. 函数原型

#include <linux/aio_abi.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <unistd.h>int io_destroy(aio_context_t ctx);

3. 功能

io_destroy 彻底销毁指定的AIO上下文，释放所有相关的内核资源。在销毁过程中，所有未完成的异步操作都会被取消，相关的事件会被清除，确保系统资源得到正确回收。

4. 参数

aio_context_t ctx: 要销毁的AIO上下文ID（由io_setup返回）

5. 返回值

成功: 返回0
失败: 返回负的错误码

6. 相似函数，或关联函数

io_setup: 初始化AIO上下文
io_submit: 提交异步I/O操作
io_cancel: 取消异步I/O操作
io_getevents: 获取完成的异步I/O事件
close: 关闭文件描述符

7. 示例代码

示例1：基础io_destroy使用

#include <linux/aio_abi.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>/*** 系统调用包装函数*/
static inline int io_setup(unsigned nr_events, aio_context_t *ctxp) {return syscall(__NR_io_setup, nr_events, ctxp);
}static inline int io_destroy(aio_context_t ctx) {return syscall(__NR_io_destroy, ctx);
}static inline int io_submit(aio_context_t ctx, long nr, struct iocb **iocbpp) {return syscall(__NR_io_submit, ctx, nr, iocbpp);
}static inline int io_cancel(aio_context_t ctx, struct iocb *iocb, struct io_event *result) {return syscall(__NR_io_cancel, ctx, iocb, result);
}static inline int io_getevents(aio_context_t ctx, long min_nr, long nr, struct io_event *events, struct timespec *timeout) {return syscall(__NR_io_getevents, ctx, min_nr, nr, events, timeout);
}/*** 演示基础io_destroy使用方法*/
int demo_io_destroy_basic() {aio_context_t ctx;int ret;printf("=== 基础io_destroy使用示例 ===\n");// 初始化AIO上下文printf("1. 初始化AIO上下文:\n");ctx = 0;ret = io_setup(128, &ctx);if (ret < 0) {printf("  初始化AIO上下文失败: %s\n", strerror(-ret));return -1;}printf("  ✓ AIO上下文初始化成功\n");printf("  上下文ID: %llu\n", (unsigned long long)ctx);// 显示上下文信息printf("  上下文状态: 已创建\n");printf("  缓冲区大小: 128 个事件\n");// 创建测试文件printf("\n2. 创建测试文件:\n");const char *filename = "io_destroy_test.txt";int fd = open(filename, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0644);if (fd == -1) {perror("  创建测试文件失败");io_destroy(ctx);return -1;}printf("  ✓ 测试文件创建成功: %s\n", filename);// 准备异步写入操作printf("\n3. 准备异步写入操作:\n");char test_data[] = "Test data for io_destroy demonstration.\n";struct iocb iocb;memset(&iocb, 0, sizeof(iocb));iocb.aio_data = 12345;iocb.aio_lio_opcode = IOCB_CMD_PWRITE;iocb.aio_fildes = fd;iocb.aio_buf = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)test_data;iocb.aio_nbytes = strlen(test_data);iocb.aio_offset = 0;printf("  准备异步写入操作:\n");printf("    文件描述符: %d\n", fd);printf("    数据大小: %zu 字节\n", strlen(test_data));printf("    用户数据: %llu\n", (unsigned long long)iocb.aio_data);// 提交异步操作printf("\n4. 提交异步操作:\n");struct iocb *iocbs[1] = {&iocb};ret = io_submit(ctx, 1, iocbs);if (ret != 1) {printf("  提交异步操作失败: %s\n", strerror(-ret));close(fd);unlink(filename);io_destroy(ctx);return -1;}printf("  ✓ 异步操作提交成功\n");// 等待操作完成printf("\n5. 等待操作完成:\n");struct io_event events[1];struct timespec timeout = {5, 0};  // 5秒超时ret = io_getevents(ctx, 1, 1, events, &timeout);if (ret > 0) {printf("  ✓ 操作完成\n");printf("    用户数据: %llu\n", (unsigned long long)events[0].data);printf("    结果: %ld 字节\n", events[0].res);printf("    错误: %ld\n", events[0].res2);} else if (ret == 0) {printf("  ⚠ 操作超时\n");} else {printf("  ✗ 等待完成事件失败: %s\n", strerror(-ret));}// 关闭文件printf("\n6. 关闭文件:\n");close(fd);printf("  ✓ 文件关闭成功\n");// 销毁AIO上下文printf("\n7. 销毁AIO上下文:\n");printf("  调用: io_destroy(%llu)\n", (unsigned long long)ctx);ret = io_destroy(ctx);if (ret == 0) {printf("  ✓ AIO上下文销毁成功\n");printf("  上下文状态: 已销毁\n");} else {printf("  ✗ AIO上下文销毁失败: %s\n", strerror(-ret));if (ret == -EINVAL) {printf("  原因：无效的上下文ID\n");} else if (ret == -EAGAIN) {printf("  原因：上下文中仍有未完成的操作\n");}}// 清理测试文件printf("\n8. 清理测试文件:\n");if (unlink(filename) == 0) {printf("  ✓ 测试文件清理成功\n");} else {printf("  ✗ 测试文件清理失败: %s\n", strerror(errno));}return 0;
}int main() {return demo_io_destroy_basic();
}

示例2：资源泄漏检测

#include <linux/aio_abi.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>/*** 资源使用统计结构*/
typedef struct {unsigned long open_files;unsigned long memory_usage_kb;unsigned long aio_contexts;
} resource_usage_t;/*** 获取资源使用情况*/
int get_resource_usage(resource_usage_t *usage) {// 获取打开文件数struct rlimit rl;if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) == 0) {usage->open_files = rl.rlim_cur;} else {usage->open_files = 0;}// 获取内存使用情况FILE *fp = fopen("/proc/self/status", "r");if (fp) {char line[256];while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp)) {if (strncmp(line, "VmRSS:", 6) == 0) {sscanf(line + 6, "%lu", &usage->memory_usage_kb);break;}}fclose(fp);} else {usage->memory_usage_kb = 0;}// 获取AIO上下文信息（简化的模拟）usage->aio_contexts = 0;  // 实际应用中需要更复杂的实现return 0;
}/*** 显示资源使用情况*/
void show_resource_usage(const char *label, const resource_usage_t *usage) {printf("%s:\n", label);printf("  打开文件数: %lu\n", usage->open_files);printf("  内存使用: %lu KB\n", usage->memory_usage_kb);printf("  AIO上下文: %lu\n", usage->aio_contexts);
}/*** 演示资源泄漏检测*/
int demo_resource_leak_detection() {aio_context_t contexts[10];resource_usage_t before_usage, after_usage, after_destroy_usage;int created_count = 0;int destroyed_count = 0;printf("=== 资源泄漏检测演示 ===\n");// 获取初始资源使用情况printf("1. 获取初始资源使用情况:\n");if (get_resource_usage(&before_usage) == 0) {show_resource_usage("  初始状态", &before_usage);}// 创建多个AIO上下文printf("\n2. 创建多个AIO上下文:\n");for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {contexts[i] = 0;int ret = io_setup(64, &contexts[i]);if (ret == 0) {printf("  ✓ 创建AIO上下文 %d: ID=%llu\n", i + 1, (unsigned long long)contexts[i]);created_count++;} else {printf("  ✗ 创建AIO上下文 %d 失败: %s\n", i + 1, strerror(-ret));}}printf("  成功创建 %d 个AIO上下文\n", created_count);// 获取创建后的资源使用情况printf("\n3. 获取创建后的资源使用情况:\n");sleep(1);  // 等待系统更新资源统计if (get_resource_usage(&after_usage) == 0) {show_resource_usage("  创建后状态", &after_usage);// 显示资源变化if (after_usage.memory_usage_kb > before_usage.memory_usage_kb) {printf("  内存使用增加: %lu KB\n", after_usage.memory_usage_kb - before_usage.memory_usage_kb);}}// 销毁部分AIO上下文printf("\n4. 销毁部分AIO上下文:\n");// 销毁前5个上下文for (int i = 0; i < 5 && i < created_count; i++) {int ret = io_destroy(contexts[i]);if (ret == 0) {printf("  ✓ 销毁AIO上下文 %d: ID=%llu\n", i + 1, (unsigned long long)contexts[i]);destroyed_count++;contexts[i] = 0;  // 标记为已销毁} else {printf("  ✗ 销毁AIO上下文 %d 失败: %s\n", i + 1, strerror(-ret));}}printf("  成功销毁 %d 个AIO上下文\n", destroyed_count);// 获取销毁后的资源使用情况printf("\n5. 获取销毁后的资源使用情况:\n");sleep(1);  // 等待系统更新资源统计if (get_resource_usage(&after_destroy_usage) == 0) {show_resource_usage("  销毁后状态", &after_destroy_usage);// 显示资源变化if (after_destroy_usage.memory_usage_kb < after_usage.memory_usage_kb) {printf("  内存使用减少: %lu KB\n", after_usage.memory_usage_kb - after_destroy_usage.memory_usage_kb);}if (after_destroy_usage.memory_usage_kb < before_usage.memory_usage_kb) {printf("  内存使用净减少: %lu KB\n", before_usage.memory_usage_kb - after_destroy_usage.memory_usage_kb);}}// 销毁剩余的AIO上下文printf("\n6. 销毁剩余的AIO上下文:\n");for (int i = 5; i < created_count; i++) {if (contexts[i] != 0) {  // 未被销毁的上下文int ret = io_destroy(contexts[i]);if (ret == 0) {printf("  ✓ 销毁AIO上下文 %d: ID=%llu\n", i + 1, (unsigned long long)contexts[i]);destroyed_count++;} else {printf("  ✗ 销毁AIO上下文 %d 失败: %s\n", i + 1, strerror(-ret));}}}printf("  总共销毁 %d 个AIO上下文\n", destroyed_count);// 最终资源使用情况printf("\n7. 最终资源使用情况:\n");resource_usage_t final_usage;sleep(1);  // 等待系统更新资源统计if (get_resource_usage(&final_usage) == 0) {show_resource_usage("  最终状态", &final_usage);// 资源泄漏检测printf("\n8. 资源泄漏检测:\n");if (final_usage.memory_usage_kb <= before_usage.memory_usage_kb + 100) {printf("  ✓ 内存资源回收良好\n");} else {printf("  ⚠ 可能存在内存泄漏\n");printf("    内存使用增加: %lu KB\n", final_usage.memory_usage_kb - before_usage.memory_usage_kb);}if (final_usage.open_files == before_usage.open_files) {printf("  ✓ 文件描述符资源回收良好\n");} else {printf("  ⚠ 可能存在文件描述符泄漏\n");}}// 显示资源管理最佳实践printf("\n=== 资源管理最佳实践 ===\n");printf("1. 及时销毁:\n");printf("   ✓ 使用完AIO上下文后立即销毁\n");printf("   ✓ 避免长期持有不必要的上下文\n");printf("   ✓ 批量销毁提高效率\n");printf("\n2. 错误处理:\n");printf("   ✓ 妥善处理销毁失败的情况\n");printf("   ✓ 记录销毁操作日志\n");printf("   ✓ 重试机制处理临时失败\n");printf("\n3. 资源监控:\n");printf("   ✓ 监控资源使用情况\n");printf("   ✓ 检测潜在的资源泄漏\n");printf("   ✓ 定期清理闲置资源\n");printf("\n4. 安全考虑:\n");printf("   ✓ 验证上下文ID的有效性\n");printf("   ✓ 避免重复销毁同一上下文\n");printf("   ✓ 处理并发访问问题\n");return 0;
}int main() {return demo_resource_leak_detection();
}

示例3：批量销毁管理

#include <linux/aio_abi.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <time.h>/*** AIO上下文管理器结构*/
typedef struct {aio_context_t contexts[64];int context_count;int max_contexts;time_t creation_time;unsigned long total_created;unsigned long total_destroyed;
} aio_context_manager_t;/*** 初始化AIO上下文管理器*/
int init_aio_context_manager(aio_context_manager_t *manager) {memset(manager, 0, sizeof(aio_context_manager_t));manager->max_contexts = 64;manager->creation_time = time(NULL);manager->total_created = 0;manager->total_destroyed = 0;printf("AIO上下文管理器初始化完成\n");printf("  最大上下文数: %d\n", manager->max_contexts);printf("  创建时间: %s", ctime(&manager->creation_time));return 0;
}/*** 创建AIO上下文*/
int create_aio_context(aio_context_manager_t *manager, unsigned nr_events, aio_context_t *ctx) {if (manager->context_count >= manager->max_contexts) {printf("AIO上下文数量已达上限\n");return -1;}*ctx = 0;int ret = io_setup(nr_events, ctx);if (ret == 0) {manager->contexts[manager->context_count] = *ctx;manager->context_count++;manager->total_created++;printf("创建AIO上下文成功: ID=%llu\n", (unsigned long long)*ctx);return 0;} else {printf("创建AIO上下文失败: %s\n", strerror(-ret));return -1;}
}/*** 批量销毁AIO上下文*/
int batch_destroy_aio_contexts(aio_context_manager_t *manager) {printf("批量销毁AIO上下文:\n");printf("  当前上下文数量: %d\n", manager->context_count);int destroyed_count = 0;int failed_count = 0;// 从后往前销毁（避免数组索引问题）for (int i = manager->context_count - 1; i >= 0; i--) {aio_context_t ctx = manager->contexts[i];if (ctx != 0) {int ret = io_destroy(ctx);if (ret == 0) {printf("  ✓ 销毁上下文 %d: ID=%llu\n", i + 1, (unsigned long long)ctx);destroyed_count++;manager->total_destroyed++;// 从数组中移除for (int j = i; j < manager->context_count - 1; j++) {manager->contexts[j] = manager->contexts[j + 1];}manager->context_count--;} else {printf("  ✗ 销毁上下文 %d 失败: %s\n", i + 1, strerror(-ret));failed_count++;}}}printf("批量销毁完成:\n");printf("  成功销毁: %d 个\n", destroyed_count);printf("  销毁失败: %d 个\n", failed_count);printf("  剩余上下文: %d 个\n", manager->context_count);return (failed_count == 0) ? 0 : -1;
}/*** 销毁所有AIO上下文*/
int destroy_all_aio_contexts(aio_context_manager_t *manager) {printf("销毁所有AIO上下文:\n");if (manager->context_count == 0) {printf("  没有待销毁的上下文\n");return 0;}return batch_destroy_aio_contexts(manager);
}/*** 演示批量销毁管理*/
int demo_batch_destroy_management() {aio_context_manager_t manager;printf("=== 批量销毁管理演示 ===\n");// 初始化管理器printf("1. 初始化AIO上下文管理器:\n");if (init_aio_context_manager(&manager) != 0) {return -1;}// 创建多个AIO上下文printf("\n2. 创建多个AIO上下文:\n");const int create_count = 10;aio_context_t created_contexts[create_count];int successful_creates = 0;for (int i = 0; i < create_count; i++) {printf("  创建第 %d 个上下文:\n", i + 1);if (create_aio_context(&manager, 32, &created_contexts[i]) == 0) {successful_creates++;} else {created_contexts[i] = 0;  // 标记为创建失败}// 短暂延迟以避免系统过载if (i < create_count - 1) {usleep(10000);  // 10ms延迟}}printf("  创建完成:\n");printf("    尝试创建: %d 个\n", create_count);printf("    成功创建: %d 个\n", successful_creates);printf("    创建失败: %d 个\n", create_count - successful_creates);printf("    管理器状态: %d 个上下文\n", manager.context_count);// 显示当前管理器状态printf("\n3. 当前管理器状态:\n");printf("  总创建数: %lu\n", manager.total_created);printf("  总销毁数: %lu\n", manager.total_destroyed);printf("  当前上下文数: %d\n", manager.context_count);printf("  管理器运行时间: %ld 秒\n", (long)difftime(time(NULL), manager.creation_time));// 显示所有上下文IDprintf("  当前上下文ID列表:\n");for (int i = 0; i < manager.context_count; i++) {printf("    %d: %llu\n", i + 1, (unsigned long long)manager.contexts[i]);}// 批量销毁printf("\n4. 批量销毁操作:\n");if (destroy_all_aio_contexts(&manager) != 0) {printf("  批量销毁过程中出现错误\n");}// 验证销毁结果printf("\n5. 验证销毁结果:\n");printf("  销毁后状态:\n");printf("    当前上下文数: %d\n", manager.context_count);printf("    总销毁数: %lu\n", manager.total_destroyed);printf("    剩余上下文ID:\n");if (manager.context_count > 0) {for (int i = 0; i < manager.context_count; i++) {printf("      %d: %llu\n", i + 1, (unsigned long long)manager.contexts[i]);}printf("    ⚠ 警告：仍有 %d 个上下文未被销毁\n", manager.context_count);} else {printf("      无\n");printf("    ✓ 所有上下文均已销毁\n");}// 重新创建一些上下文进行最终销毁测试printf("\n6. 最终销毁测试:\n");// 重新创建几个上下文printf("  重新创建测试上下文:\n");for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {if (create_aio_context(&manager, 16, &created_contexts[i]) == 0) {printf("    重新创建上下文 %d 成功\n", i + 1);}}printf("  重新创建后状态:\n");printf("    当前上下文数: %d\n", manager.context_count);printf("    总创建数: %lu\n", manager.total_created);// 最终批量销毁printf("  执行最终批量销毁:\n");if (destroy_all_aio_contexts(&manager) == 0) {printf("  ✓ 最终批量销毁成功\n");} else {printf("  ✗ 最终批量销毁失败\n");}// 显示最终统计printf("\n7. 最终统计:\n");printf("  管理器生命周期统计:\n");printf("    总创建数: %lu\n", manager.total_created);printf("    总销毁数: %lu\n", manager.total_destroyed);printf("    当前上下文数: %d\n", manager.context_count);printf("    运行时间: %ld 秒\n", (long)difftime(time(NULL), manager.creation_time));if (manager.total_created == manager.total_destroyed && manager.context_count == 0) {printf("  ✓ 资源管理完整性检查通过\n");} else {printf("  ⚠ 资源管理完整性检查失败\n");printf("    可能存在资源泄漏\n");}return 0;
}int main() {return demo_batch_destroy_management();
}

示例4：异常情况处理

#include <linux/aio_abi.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>/*** 系统调用包装函数*/
static inline int io_setup(unsigned nr_events, aio_context_t *ctxp) {return syscall(__NR_io_setup, nr_events, ctxp);
}static inline int io_destroy(aio_context_t ctx) {return syscall(__NR_io_destroy, ctx);
}static inline int io_submit(aio_context_t ctx, long nr, struct iocb **iocbpp) {return syscall(__NR_io_submit, ctx, nr, iocbpp);
}/*** 演示异常情况处理*/
int demo_exception_handling() {aio_context_t ctx;int ret;printf("=== 异常情况处理演示 ===\n");// 1. 销毁无效的上下文IDprintf("1. 销毁无效的上下文ID:\n");// 测试销毁0值上下文IDprintf("  测试销毁上下文ID 0:\n");ret = io_destroy(0);if (ret == 0) {printf("    ✓ 销毁成功（可能表示空操作）\n");} else {printf("    %s\n", strerror(-ret));if (ret == -EINVAL) {printf("    ✓ 预期结果：无效的上下文ID\n");} else {printf("    ✗ 意外错误\n");}}// 测试销毁负值上下文IDprintf("  测试销毁负值上下文ID (-1):\n");ret = io_destroy((aio_context_t)-1);if (ret == 0) {printf("    ✓ 销毁成功\n");} else {printf("    %s\n", strerror(-ret));if (ret == -EINVAL) {printf("    ✓ 预期结果：无效的上下文ID\n");} else {printf("    ✗ 意外错误\n");}}// 测试销毁超大值上下文IDprintf("  测试销毁超大值上下文ID:\n");aio_context_t large_ctx = (aio_context_t)0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL;ret = io_destroy(large_ctx);if (ret == 0) {printf("    ✓ 销毁成功\n");} else {printf("    %s\n", strerror(-ret));if (ret == -EINVAL) {printf("    ✓ 预期结果：无效的上下文ID\n");} else {printf("    ✗ 意外错误\n");}}// 2. 重复销毁同一上下文printf("\n2. 重复销毁同一上下文:\n");// 创建一个有效的上下文printf("  创建有效上下文:\n");ctx = 0;ret = io_setup(32, &ctx);if (ret == 0) {printf("    ✓ 上下文创建成功: ID=%llu\n", (unsigned long long)ctx);// 第一次销毁printf("  第一次销毁:\n");ret = io_destroy(ctx);if (ret == 0) {printf("    ✓ 第一次销毁成功\n");} else {printf("    ✗ 第一次销毁失败: %s\n", strerror(-ret));}// 第二次销毁同一上下文（应该失败）printf("  第二次销毁同一上下文:\n");ret = io_destroy(ctx);if (ret == 0) {printf("    ✓ 第二次销毁成功（可能表示幂等操作）\n");} else {printf("    %s\n", strerror(-ret));if (ret == -EINVAL) {printf("    ✓ 预期结果：上下文已销毁\n");} else {printf("    ✗ 意外错误\n");}}} else {printf("    ✗ 创建上下文失败: %s\n", strerror(-ret));}// 3. 销毁正在使用的上下文printf("\n3. 销毁正在使用的上下文:\n");// 创建新的上下文printf("  创建新上下文:\n");ctx = 0;ret = io_setup(64, &ctx);if (ret == 0) {printf("    ✓ 新上下文创建成功: ID=%llu\n", (unsigned long long)ctx);// 创建测试文件const char *filename = "in_use_test.txt";int fd = open(filename, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0644);if (fd != -1) {printf("    ✓ 测试文件创建成功\n");// 准备长时间写入操作char *large_data = malloc(1024 * 1024);  // 1MB数据if (large_data) {// 填充测试数据for (int i = 0; i < 1024 * 1024; i++) {large_data[i] = 'A' + (i % 26);}// 准备异步写入操作struct iocb iocb;memset(&iocb, 0, sizeof(iocb));iocb.aio_data = 999;iocb.aio_lio_opcode = IOCB_CMD_PWRITE;iocb.aio_fildes = fd;iocb.aio_buf = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)large_data;iocb.aio_nbytes = 1024 * 1024;iocb.aio_offset = 0;// 提交异步操作struct iocb *iocbs[1] = {&iocb};ret = io_submit(ctx, 1, iocbs);if (ret == 1) {printf("    ✓ 异步写入操作提交成功\n");// 立即尝试销毁上下文printf("  立即尝试销毁正在使用的上下文:\n");ret = io_destroy(ctx);if (ret == 0) {printf("    ✓ 上下文销毁成功\n");} else {printf("    %s\n", strerror(-ret));if (ret == -EAGAIN) {printf("    ✓ 预期结果：上下文正在使用中\n");} else if (ret == -EINVAL) {printf("    ✓ 预期结果：上下文无效\n");} else {printf("    ✗ 意外错误\n");}}} else {printf("    ✗ 提交异步操作失败: %s\n", strerror(-ret));}free(large_data);}close(fd);unlink(filename);}} else {printf("    ✗ 创建新上下文失败: %s\n", strerror(-ret));}// 4. 错误恢复演示printf("\n4. 错误恢复演示:\n");// 模拟错误恢复场景printf("  错误恢复策略:\n");printf("    1. 验证上下文ID有效性\n");printf("    2. 检查上下文使用状态\n");printf("    3. 尝试取消未完成操作\n");printf("    4. 安全销毁上下文\n");printf("    5. 记录错误日志\n");printf("    6. 通知上层应用\n");// 5. 资源清理验证printf("\n5. 资源清理验证:\n");// 创建多个上下文用于清理验证aio_context_t test_contexts[5];int created_count = 0;printf("  创建测试上下文:\n");for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {test_contexts[i] = 0;ret = io_setup(16, &test_contexts[i]);if (ret == 0) {printf("    ✓ 上下文 %d 创建成功: ID=%llu\n", i + 1, (unsigned long long)test_contexts[i]);created_count++;} else {printf("    ✗ 上下文 %d 创建失败: %s\n", i + 1, strerror(-ret));test_contexts[i] = 0;  // 标记为未创建}}printf("  清理所有测试上下文:\n");int destroyed_count = 0;int error_count = 0;for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {if (test_contexts[i] != 0) {ret = io_destroy(test_contexts[i]);if (ret == 0) {printf("    ✓ 上下文 %d 销毁成功\n", i + 1);destroyed_count++;} else {printf("    ✗ 上下文 %d 销毁失败: %s\n", i + 1, strerror(-ret));error_count++;}}}printf("  清理结果:\n");printf("    成功销毁: %d 个\n", destroyed_count);printf("    销毁失败: %d 个\n", error_count);printf("    总计处理: %d 个\n", destroyed_count + error_count);// 6. 最终状态检查printf("\n6. 最终状态检查:\n");printf("  系统状态:\n");printf("    ✓ 错误处理机制正常\n");printf("    ✓ 资源清理机制正常\n");printf("    ✓ 状态恢复机制正常\n");printf("    ✓ 日志记录机制正常\n");return 0;
}int main() {return demo_exception_handling();
}

示例5：生产环境使用模式

#include <linux/aio_abi.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/time.h>/*** 生产环境AIO上下文管理器*/
typedef struct {aio_context_t ctx;int is_initialized;int is_destroyed;time_t create_time;time_t destroy_time;unsigned long operations_submitted;unsigned long operations_completed;unsigned long operations_cancelled;pthread_mutex_t mutex;volatile int shutdown_requested;
} production_aio_context_t;/*** 系统调用包装函数*/
static inline int io_setup(unsigned nr_events, aio_context_t *ctxp) {return syscall(__NR_io_setup, nr_events, ctxp);
}static inline int io_destroy(aio_context_t ctx) {return syscall(__NR_io_destroy, ctx);
}static inline int io_submit(aio_context_t ctx, long nr, struct iocb **iocbpp) {return syscall(__NR_io_submit, ctx, nr, iocbsp);
}static inline int io_cancel(aio_context_t ctx, struct iocb *iocb, struct io_event *result) {return syscall(__NR_io_cancel, ctx, iocb, result);
}static inline int io_getevents(aio_context_t ctx, long min_nr, long nr, struct io_event *events, struct timespec *timeout) {return syscall(__NR_io_getevents, ctx, min_nr, nr, events, timeout);
}/*** 初始化生产环境AIO上下文*/
int init_production_aio_context(production_aio_context_t *ctx, unsigned nr_events) {// 初始化结构体memset(ctx, 0, sizeof(production_aio_context_t));ctx->create_time = time(NULL);ctx->is_initialized = 0;ctx->is_destroyed = 0;ctx->shutdown_requested = 0;// 初始化互斥锁if (pthread_mutex_init(&ctx->mutex, NULL) != 0) {printf("初始化互斥锁失败\n");return -1;}// 创建AIO上下文ctx->ctx = 0;int ret = io_setup(nr_events, &ctx->ctx);if (ret != 0) {printf("创建AIO上下文失败: %s\n", strerror(-ret));pthread_mutex_destroy(&ctx->mutex);return -1;}ctx->is_initialized = 1;printf("生产环境AIO上下文初始化成功:\n");printf("  上下文ID: %llu\n", (unsigned long long)ctx->ctx);printf("  缓冲区大小: %u 事件\n", nr_events);printf("  创建时间: %s", ctime(&ctx->create_time));return 0;
}/*** 安全销毁生产环境AIO上下文*/
int destroy_production_aio_context(production_aio_context_t *ctx) {if (!ctx) {printf("上下文指针无效\n");return -1;}// 获取互斥锁if (pthread_mutex_lock(&ctx->mutex) != 0) {printf("获取互斥锁失败\n");return -1;}// 检查是否已经销毁if (ctx->is_destroyed) {printf("上下文已销毁，无需重复操作\n");pthread_mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);return 0;}// 设置关闭请求标志ctx->shutdown_requested = 1;// 取消所有未完成的操作printf("取消所有未完成的操作...\n");// 这里应该实现取消未完成操作的逻辑// 销毁AIO上下文printf("销毁AIO上下文: %llu\n", (unsigned long long)ctx->ctx);int ret = io_destroy(ctx->ctx);if (ret != 0) {printf("销毁AIO上下文失败: %s\n", strerror(-ret));if (ret == -EAGAIN) {printf("  原因：上下文中仍有未完成的操作\n");} else if (ret == -EINVAL) {printf("  原因：无效的上下文ID\n");}// 即使销毁失败也要清理资源ctx->is_destroyed = 1;ctx->destroy_time = time(NULL);pthread_mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);pthread_mutex_destroy(&ctx->mutex);return -1;}ctx->is_destroyed = 1;ctx->destroy_time = time(NULL);// 显示统计信息printf("AIO上下文销毁成功:\n");printf("  销毁时间: %s", ctime(&ctx->destroy_time));printf("  运行时间: %ld 秒\n", (long)difftime(ctx->destroy_time, ctx->create_time));printf("  提交操作数: %lu\n", ctx->operations_submitted);printf("  完成操作数: %lu\n", ctx->operations_completed);printf("  取消操作数: %lu\n", ctx->operations_cancelled);pthread_mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);pthread_mutex_destroy(&ctx->mutex);return 0;
}/*** 优雅关闭信号处理*/
void graceful_shutdown_handler(int sig) {printf("\n收到关闭信号 %d，开始优雅关闭...\n", sig);// 这里应该通知所有AIO上下文管理器开始关闭
}/*** 演示生产环境使用模式*/
int demo_production_usage_pattern() {production_aio_context_t aio_ctx;struct sigaction sa;printf("=== 生产环境使用模式演示 ===\n");// 设置信号处理printf("1. 设置信号处理:\n");memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));sa.sa_handler = graceful_shutdown_handler;sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);sa.sa_flags = 0;if (sigaction(SIGINT, &sa, NULL) == 0) {printf("  ✓ SIGINT信号处理设置成功\n");} else {printf("  ✗ SIGINT信号处理设置失败: %s\n", strerror(errno));}if (sigaction(SIGTERM, &sa, NULL) == 0) {printf("  ✓ SIGTERM信号处理设置成功\n");} else {printf("  ✗ SIGTERM信号处理设置失败: %s\n", strerror(errno));}// 初始化AIO上下文printf("\n2. 初始化生产环境AIO上下文:\n");if (init_production_aio_context(&aio_ctx, 1024) != 0) {printf("初始化生产环境AIO上下文失败\n");return -1;}printf("  ✓ 生产环境AIO上下文初始化成功\n");// 模拟生产环境操作printf("\n3. 模拟生产环境操作:\n");// 模拟提交操作printf("  模拟提交异步操作:\n");for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {// 这里应该是实际的异步操作提交aio_ctx.operations_submitted++;if (i % 20 == 0) {printf("    已提交 %d 个操作\n", i);}// 模拟操作完成if (i % 3 == 0) {aio_ctx.operations_completed++;}// 模拟操作取消if (i % 7 == 0) {aio_ctx.operations_cancelled++;}}printf("  ✓ 模拟操作完成\n");printf("    总提交: %lu\n", aio_ctx.operations_submitted);printf("    总完成: %lu\n", aio_ctx.operations_completed);printf("    总取消: %lu\n", aio_ctx.operations_cancelled);// 模拟运行期间的状态监控printf("\n4. 模拟运行期间状态监控:\n");// 显示当前状态printf("  当前AIO上下文状态:\n");printf("    已初始化: %s\n", aio_ctx.is_initialized ? "是" : "否");printf("    已销毁: %s\n", aio_ctx.is_destroyed ? "是" : "否");printf("    关闭请求: %s\n", aio_ctx.shutdown_requested ? "是" : "否");printf("    运行时间: %ld 秒\n", (long)difftime(time(NULL), aio_ctx.create_time));// 模拟健康检查printf("  健康检查:\n");printf("    ✓ 上下文ID有效性检查\n");printf("    ✓ 内存使用情况检查\n");printf("    ✓ 操作队列状态检查\n");printf("    ✓ 错误率统计检查\n");// 模拟优雅关闭printf("\n5. 模拟优雅关闭:\n");// 设置关闭标志printf("  设置关闭标志:\n");aio_ctx.shutdown_requested = 1;printf("    ✓ 关闭请求已设置\n");// 等待未完成操作printf("  等待未完成操作:\n");printf("    当前未完成操作数: %lu\n", aio_ctx.operations_submitted - aio_ctx.operations_completed - aio_ctx.operations_cancelled);// 取消未完成操作printf("  取消未完成操作:\n");unsigned long pending_operations = aio_ctx.operations_submitted - aio_ctx.operations_completed - aio_ctx.operations_cancelled;printf("    取消 %lu 个未完成操作\n", pending_operations);aio_ctx.operations_cancelled += pending_operations;// 销毁AIO上下文printf("  销毁AIO上下文:\n");if (destroy_production_aio_context(&aio_ctx) == 0) {printf("    ✓ AIO上下文销毁成功\n");} else {printf("    ✗ AIO上下文销毁失败\n");}// 显示最终统计printf("\n6. 最终统计:\n");printf("  生命周期统计:\n");printf("    创建时间: %s", ctime(&aio_ctx.create_time));if (aio_ctx.is_destroyed) {printf("    销毁时间: %s", ctime(&aio_ctx.destroy_time));printf("    运行时间: %ld 秒\n", (long)difftime(aio_ctx.destroy_time, aio_ctx.create_time));}printf("  操作统计:\n");printf("    总提交操作: %lu\n", aio_ctx.operations_submitted);printf("    总完成操作: %lu\n", aio_ctx.operations_completed);printf("    总取消操作: %lu\n", aio_ctx.operations_cancelled);// 显示生产环境最佳实践printf("\n=== 生产环境最佳实践 ===\n");printf("1. 初始化管理:\n");printf("   ✓ 延迟初始化\n");printf("   ✓ 配置验证\n");printf("   ✓ 资源预留\n");printf("   ✓ 错误恢复\n");printf("\n2. 运行时管理:\n");printf("   ✓ 状态监控\n");printf("   ✓ 性能统计\n");printf("   ✓ 错误处理\n");printf("   ✓ 资源池管理\n");printf("\n3. 优雅关闭:\n");printf("   ✓ 信号处理\n");printf("   ✓ 操作清理\n");printf("   ✓ 资源释放\n");printf("   ✓ 状态保存\n");printf("\n4. 错误恢复:\n");printf("   ✓ 重试机制\n");printf("   ✓ 降级处理\n");printf("   ✓ 告警通知\n");printf("   ✓ 日志记录\n");printf("\n5. 监控告警:\n");printf("   ✓ 性能指标\n");printf("   ✓ 错误率统计\n");printf("   ✓ 资源使用率\n");printf("   ✓ 健康检查\n");return 0;
}int main() {return demo_production_usage_pattern();
}

io_destroy 使用注意事项

系统要求：

1. 内核版本: 支持AIO的Linux内核
2. 权限要求: 通常不需要特殊权限
3. 架构支持: 支持所有主流架构

销毁时机：

1. 使用完成后: AIO上下文不再需要时立即销毁
2. 程序退出前: 确保所有上下文都被正确销毁
3. 异常处理: 异常情况下也要销毁上下文

错误处理：

1. EINVAL: 无效的上下文ID
2. EAGAIN: 上下文中仍有未完成的操作
3. EFAULT: 上下文指针无效

资源管理：

1. 及时销毁: 避免资源泄漏
2. 批量销毁: 提高销毁效率
3. 状态检查: 销毁前检查上下文状态
4. 错误恢复: 处理销毁失败的情况

性能考虑：

1. 销毁开销: 销毁操作有一定开销
2. 批量操作: 批量销毁比单独销毁更高效
3. 异步销毁: 大量上下文时考虑异步销毁
4. 资源回收: 及时回收系统资源

安全考虑：

1. 权限验证: 确保有权限销毁上下文
2. 参数验证: 验证上下文ID的有效性
3. 状态检查: 检查上下文使用状态
4. 并发控制: 多线程环境下的同步控制

最佳实践：

1. RAII原则: 使用完立即销毁
2. 异常安全: 异常情况下也能正确销毁
3. 资源统计: 统计和监控资源使用情况
4. 日志记录: 记录销毁操作日志
5. 错误处理: 妥善处理销毁失败的情况

io_destroy vs 相似函数对比

io_destroy vs close：

// io_destroy: 销毁AIO上下文
io_destroy(ctx);// close: 关闭文件描述符
close(fd);

io_destroy vs free：

// io_destroy: 销毁内核资源
io_destroy(ctx);// free: 释放用户空间内存
free(ptr);

常见使用场景

1. 服务器应用：

// 服务器退出时销毁所有AIO上下文
void server_shutdown() {for (int i = 0; i < context_count; i++) {io_destroy(contexts[i]);}
}

2. 批处理应用：

// 批处理完成后销毁AIO上下文
void batch_cleanup() {batch_destroy_aio_contexts(&manager);
}

3. 插件系统：

// 插件卸载时销毁相关AIO上下文
void plugin_unload() {destroy_plugin_aio_contexts();
}

系统限制和约束

1. 上下文数量限制：

// 系统限制可通过以下方式查看：
cat /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr    # 最大AIO上下文数
cat /proc/sys/fs/aio-nr        # 当前AIO上下文数

2. 内存限制：

// 每个AIO上下文都有内存开销
// 需要合理控制上下文数量

3. 文件描述符限制：

// AIO操作涉及的文件描述符也需要管理
// 避免文件描述符泄漏

错误恢复策略

1. 重试机制：

int safe_io_destroy(aio_context_t ctx) {int retries = 3;int result;while (retries-- > 0) {result = io_destroy(ctx);if (result == 0) {return 0;  // 成功}if (result == -EAGAIN) {// 等待未完成操作usleep(100000);  // 100mscontinue;}break;  // 其他错误不重试}return result;
}

2. 状态检查：

int validate_context_before_destroy(aio_context_t ctx) {// 检查上下文是否有效if (ctx == 0) {return -1;  // 无效上下文}// 检查上下文是否已被销毁// 这需要应用层维护状态return 0;
}

3. 资源清理：

int comprehensive_cleanup(aio_context_t ctx) {// 取消所有未完成操作cancel_pending_operations(ctx);// 等待操作完成wait_for_operations_completion(ctx);// 销毁上下文return io_destroy(ctx);
}