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python之socket编程

news 来源：原创 2025/5/25 5:10:34

Socket编程是计算机网络编程的基础，它允许两台计算机（或同一个计算机的不同进程）之间进行通信。Python 提供了 socket 模块，可以很方便地进行 Socket 编程。下面是一些基本的 Socket 编程示例，包括 TCP 和 UDP。

TCP Socket 编程

TCP（传输控制协议）是一种面向连接的、可靠的、基于字节流的传输层通信协议。

服务器端

import socket

# 创建一个 socket 对象
server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

# 绑定地址和端口
server_address = ('localhost', 65432)
server_socket.bind(server_address)

# 开始监听
server_socket.listen(5)
print('Server listening on', server_address)

while True:
    # 等待连接
    print('Waiting for a connection...')
    connection, client_address = server_socket.accept()
    try:
        print('Connection from', client_address)

        # 接收数据
        while True:
            data = connection.recv(1024)
            if data:
                print('Received', repr(data))
                # 发送数据
                connection.sendall(data)
            else:
                break
    finally:
        # 清理连接
        connection.close()

客户端

import socket

# 创建一个 socket 对象
client_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

# 连接到服务器
server_address = ('localhost', 65432)
client_socket.connect(server_address)

try:
    # 发送数据
    message = 'This is the message. It will be echoed back.'
    print('Sending', repr(message))
    client_socket.sendall(message)

    # 接收数据
    amount_received = 0
    amount_expected = len(message)

    while amount_received < amount_expected:
        data = client_socket.recv(1024)
        amount_received += len(data)
        print('Received', repr(data))

finally:
    # 清理连接
    client_socket.close()

UDP Socket 编程

UDP（用户数据报协议）是一个简单的面向数据报的传输层协议。它不保证数据包的顺序、可靠性或完整性。

服务器端

import socket

# 创建一个 socket 对象
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)

# 绑定地址和端口
server_address = ('localhost', 10000)
sock.bind(server_address)

print('Starting UDP server')

while True:
    # 接收数据
    print('Waiting to receive message')
    data, address = sock.recvfrom(4096)  # 缓冲区大小是 4096 字节
    print('Received {} bytes from {}'.format(len(data), address))
    print('Data: {}'.format(data))

    if data:
        sent = sock.sendto(data, address)  # 将接收到的数据发送回去
        print('Sent {} bytes back to {}'.format(sent, address))

客户端

import socket
import time

# 创建一个 socket 对象
MESSAGE = 'This is the message.'
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)

# 连接到服务器
server_address = ('localhost', 10000)

try:
    # 发送数据
    print('Sending: {}'.format(MESSAGE))
    sent = sock.sendto(MESSAGE.encode(), server_address)

    # 接收响应
    time.sleep(1)  # 等待一秒以确保服务器有时间处理请求
    data, server = sock.recvfrom(4096)
    print('Received: {}'.format(data.decode()))

finally:
    # 清理连接
    print('Closing socket')
    sock.close()