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C# VB.NET多进程-管道通信，命名管道（Named Pipes）

news 2025/7/13 9:01:45

要向已运行的进程发送特定命令（如/exit），而不是启动新进程，需要使用进程间通信（IPC）机制。以下是几种常见的实现方法：

一、使用命名管道（Named Pipes）

如果ABC.EXE支持通过命名管道接收命令，可以这样实现：

1. 在 ABC.EXE 中添加管道服务器代码

' ABC.EXE 中添加以下代码（需在启动时运行）
Imports System.IO.PipesPublic Sub StartPipeServer()Dim thread As New Threading.Thread(AddressOf PipeServerThread)thread.IsBackground = Truethread.Start()
End SubPrivate Sub PipeServerThread()TryWhile TrueUsing server As New NamedPipeServerStream("ABCControlPipe")Console.WriteLine("等待客户端连接...")server.WaitForConnection()Using reader As New StreamReader(server)Dim command As String = reader.ReadLine()Console.WriteLine($"收到命令: {command}")' 处理命令If command = "/exit" Then' 执行退出逻辑Application.Exit()End IfEnd UsingEnd UsingEnd WhileCatch ex As ExceptionConsole.WriteLine($"管道服务器错误: {ex.Message}")End Try
End Sub

2. 在监控程序中发送命令

Imports System.IO.PipesPublic Sub SendCommandToRunningProcess(command As String)TryUsing client As New NamedPipeClientStream(".", "ABCControlPipe", PipeDirection.Out)client.Connect(2000)  ' 等待2秒连接Using writer As New StreamWriter(client)writer.WriteLine(command)writer.Flush()Console.WriteLine($"命令已发送: {command}")End UsingEnd UsingCatch ex As ExceptionConsole.WriteLine($"发送命令失败: {ex.Message}")End Try
End Sub' 使用示例
SendCommandToRunningProcess("/exit")

二、使用命令行参数 + 进程查找

如果ABC.EXE支持通过创建特定文件或命令行参数触发行为，可以这样实现：

1. 修改 ABC.EXE 定期检查命令文件

' 在ABC.EXE中添加定时检查逻辑
Private Sub StartCommandChecker()Dim timer As New Timer(1000)  ' 每秒检查一次AddHandler timer.Elapsed, AddressOf CheckForCommandstimer.Start()
End SubPrivate Sub CheckForCommands(sender As Object, e As ElapsedEventArgs)Dim commandFile As String = Path.Combine(Application.StartupPath, "command.txt")If File.Exists(commandFile) ThenTryDim command As String = File.ReadAllText(commandFile)File.Delete(commandFile)  ' 处理后删除If command = "/exit" ThenApplication.Exit()End IfCatch ex As ExceptionConsole.WriteLine($"读取命令文件失败: {ex.Message}")End TryEnd If
End Sub

2. 在监控程序中创建命令文件

Public Sub SendCommandToRunningProcess(command As String)Dim commandFile As String = Path.Combine(Path.GetDirectoryName(Process.GetProcessesByName("ABC").FirstOrDefault()?.MainModule.FileName),"command.txt")TryFile.WriteAllText(commandFile, command)Console.WriteLine($"命令已写入文件: {command}")Catch ex As ExceptionConsole.WriteLine($"发送命令失败: {ex.Message}")End Try
End Sub

三、使用 Windows 消息（适用于有窗口的进程）

如果ABC.EXE有隐藏窗口，可以发送自定义 Windows 消息：

1. 在 ABC.EXE 中注册并处理自定义消息

Imports System.Runtime.InteropServicesPublic Class MainForm' 注册自定义消息Private Const WM_USER As Integer = &H400Private Const WM_EXIT_COMMAND As Integer = WM_USER + 100<DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet:=CharSet.Auto)>Private Shared Function RegisterWindowMessage(ByVal lpString As String) As IntegerEnd FunctionPrivate exitMessageId As Integer = RegisterWindowMessage("ABC_EXIT_COMMAND")Protected Overrides Sub WndProc(ByRef m As Message)If m.Msg = exitMessageId OrElse m.Msg = WM_EXIT_COMMAND Then' 处理退出命令Application.Exit()ReturnEnd IfMyBase.WndProc(m)End Sub
End Class

2. 在监控程序中发送消息

Imports System.Runtime.InteropServicesPublic Sub SendExitMessageToProcess()Dim processes() As Process = Process.GetProcessesByName("ABC")If processes.Length > 0 ThenDim mainWindowHandle As IntPtr = processes(0).MainWindowHandleIf mainWindowHandle <> IntPtr.Zero Then' 注册相同的消息IDDim exitMessageId As Integer = RegisterWindowMessage("ABC_EXIT_COMMAND")' 发送消息PostMessage(mainWindowHandle, exitMessageId, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero)Console.WriteLine("退出消息已发送")ElseConsole.WriteLine("未找到主窗口句柄")End IfEnd If
End Sub<DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet:=CharSet.Auto)>
Private Shared Function RegisterWindowMessage(ByVal lpString As String) As Integer
End Function<DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet:=CharSet.Auto)>
Private Shared Function PostMessage(ByVal hWnd As IntPtr, ByVal Msg As Integer, ByVal wParam As IntPtr, ByVal lParam As IntPtr) As Boolean
End Function

四、总结

选择哪种方法取决于ABC.EXE的实现：

优先使用命名管道：灵活且安全，需修改ABC.EXE代码。
命令文件方式：简单但有延迟（取决于检查频率）。
Windows 消息：适用于有窗口的进程。

如果无法修改ABC.EXE，可考虑使用外部工具（如 AutoHotkey 发送模拟按键），但可靠性较低。

如果多个进程,管道名称是否要不一样?

是的，如果需要同时管理多个进程实例，每个进程的管道名称必须唯一。否则，不同进程会监听同一个管道，导致命令混淆或无法正确识别目标进程。以下是几种实现多进程管道通信的方案：

一、基于进程 ID（PID）的唯一管道名称

最简单的方法是将进程 ID（PID）作为管道名称的一部分：

1. 在 ABC.EXE 中创建唯一管道

Imports System.IO.PipesPublic Class ABCApplicationPrivate pipeServer As NamedPipeServerStreamPrivate pipeName As StringPublic Sub StartPipeServer()' 使用进程ID生成唯一管道名称pipeName = $"ABCControlPipe_{Process.GetCurrentProcess().Id}"' 创建并启动管道服务器pipeServer = New NamedPipeServerStream(pipeName, PipeDirection.InOut)Dim thread As New Threading.Thread(AddressOf HandleIncomingConnections)thread.IsBackground = Truethread.Start()End SubPrivate Sub HandleIncomingConnections()TryWhile TruepipeServer.WaitForConnection()' 处理命令...Using reader As New StreamReader(pipeServer)Dim command As String = reader.ReadLine()If command = "/exit" Then' 优雅退出逻辑Application.Exit()End IfEnd Using' 重置管道以接收下一个连接pipeServer.Disconnect()End WhileCatch ex As Exception' 错误处理End TryEnd Sub
End Class

2. 在监控程序中发送命令到特定进程

Imports System.IO.PipesPublic Sub SendCommandToProcess(pid As Integer, command As String)Dim pipeName As String = $"ABCControlPipe_{pid}"TryUsing client As New NamedPipeClientStream(".", pipeName, PipeDirection.Out)client.Connect(2000)  ' 2秒超时Using writer As New StreamWriter(client)writer.WriteLine(command)writer.Flush()End UsingEnd UsingCatch ex As ExceptionConsole.WriteLine($"发送命令到进程 {pid} 失败: {ex.Message}")End Try
End Sub' 示例：向所有ABC进程发送退出命令
Public Sub SendExitToAllProcesses()Dim processes() As Process = Process.GetProcessesByName("ABC")For Each proc In processesSendCommandToProcess(proc.Id, "/exit")Next
End Sub

二、使用中央管道管理器（更高级的方案）

如果进程数量较多或需要更复杂的管理，可以实现一个中央管道管理器：

1. 中央管理器设计

Imports System.Collections.ConcurrentPublic Class PipeManagerPrivate Shared pipeMap As New ConcurrentDictionary(Of Integer, NamedPipeServerStream)' 注册新进程的管道Public Shared Function RegisterProcess(pid As Integer) As StringDim pipeName As String = $"ABCControlPipe_{Guid.NewGuid()}"  ' 使用GUID确保唯一性Dim server As New NamedPipeServerStream(pipeName, PipeDirection.InOut)pipeMap.TryAdd(pid, server)' 启动监听线程Dim thread As New Threading.Thread(Sub() HandleConnections(pid, server))thread.IsBackground = Truethread.Start()Return pipeNameEnd Function' 处理管道连接Private Shared Sub HandleConnections(pid As Integer, server As NamedPipeServerStream)TryWhile pipeMap.ContainsKey(pid)server.WaitForConnection()' 处理命令...Using reader As New StreamReader(server)Dim command As String = reader.ReadLine()' 根据PID转发命令到对应进程End Usingserver.Disconnect()End WhileCatch ex As Exception' 错误处理End TryEnd Sub' 向特定进程发送命令Public Shared Sub SendCommand(pid As Integer, command As String)If pipeMap.TryGetValue(pid, out Dim server) Then' 通过管道发送命令...End IfEnd Sub
End Class

2. 进程端注册

' 在ABC.EXE启动时
Public Sub Main()' 向管理器注册自己并获取唯一管道名称Dim pipeName As String = PipeManager.RegisterProcess(Process.GetCurrentProcess().Id)' 保存管道名称用于后续通信My.Settings.PipeName = pipeNameMy.Settings.Save()' 其他初始化逻辑...
End Sub