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静态路由综合配置实验报告

news 2025/7/12 7:06:59

一、实验拓扑

二、实验需求

1.除了R5的环回地址固定5.5.5.0/24，其他网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理划分；

2.R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口，模拟PC，地址也在192.168.1.0/24网络内；

3.R1-R4不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由，但依然可以访问；

4.全网可达，尽量减少每台路由器路由条目数量，避免环路；

5.R4与R5间，正常1000M链路通信，故障时自动改为100M；

三、实验思路

1.IP地址规划
以192.168.1.0/24为基础网段，将其划分为多个网段
2.基础配置
设备命名：将各路由器分别命名为R1-R5。
接口IP配置：根据规划的网段，为各路由器的物理接口配置相应的IP地址。
环回接口配置：为R1-R4分别配置两个环回接口，并分配对应的IP地址，R5配置一个固定环回接口。
3.静态路由配置
为各路由器编写静态路由，使网络内各网段能够相互通信，同时尽量减少每台路由器的路由条目数量，避免出现环路。
对于R1-R4，不直接配置到达R5环回地址5.5.5.0/24的静态路由
4.缺省路由配置
在R1-R4上配置缺省路由
5.避免环路与优化
在R1-R4上分别配置指向自身环回网段的空接口路由，防止路由环路。
6.R4-R5链路配置
为R4到R5的100M链路路由设置更高的优先级（61），使1000M链路正常时作为主用链路，1000M链路故障时自动切换到100M链路.
7.连通性测试
对各路由器之间以及与R5环回地址的连通性进行测试，验证配置的正确性，确保全网可达。

四、实验步骤

1、IP地址的划分

192.168.1.0/24划分5个网段

（1）192.168.1.0000 0000----192.168.1.0/27----骨干链路

192.168.1.0000 0000--192.168.1.0/30---255.255.255.252

192.168.1.0000 0100--192.168.1.4/30

192.168.1.0000 1000--192.168.1.8/30

192.168.1.0000 1100--192.168.1.12/30

192.168.1.0001 0000--192.168.1.16/30

192.168.1.0001 0100--192.168.1.20/30

（2）192.168.1.0010 0000----192.168.1.32/27----R1环回

192.168.1.0010 0000---192.168.1.32/28

192.168.1.0011 0000---192.168.1.48/28

（3）192.168.1.0100 0000----192.168.1.64/27---R2环回

192.168.1.0100 0000---192.168.1.64/28

192.168.1.0101 0000---192.168.1.80/28

（4）192.168.1.0110 0000----192.168.1.96/27--R3环回

192.168.1.0110 0000---192.168.1.96/28

192.168.1.0111 0000--192.168.1.112/28

（5）192.168.1.1000 0000----192.168.1.128/27--R4环回

192.168.1.1000 0000---192.168.1.128/28

192.168.1.1001 0000--192.168.1.144/28

2、配置IP地址部分

（1）改名字

<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R1

<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R2

<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R3

<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R4

<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R5

2、给接口配置IP地址

R1:[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 30
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.5 30

R2:[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30

R3:[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.6 30
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.13 30

R4:[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.10 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.14 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.17 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g4/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.21 30

R5:[R5]interface g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.18 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.22 30

3、添加环回接口

R1:

[R1]int LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28
[R1-LoopBack0]int loopback1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 28

R2:

[R2]interface LoopBack 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28
[R2-LoopBack0]int l1
[R2-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28

R3:

[R3]int l0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.97 28
[R3-LoopBack0]int l1
[R3-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.113 28

R4:

[R4]interface l0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.129 28
[R4-LoopBack0]int l1
[R4-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.145 28

R5:

[R5]int LoopBack 0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip address 5.5.5.1 24

4、编写静态路由

R1:

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6
[R1]display ip routing-table protocol static

R2:

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1

R3:

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14

R4:

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13

R5：

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21

5、测试R1-R4之间的连通性

R1:

R2:

R3:

R4:

只能实现R1-R4之间互通，无法到达R5

6、编写静态缺省

R1:

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6

R2:

[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10

R3:

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14

R4:

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22

7、测试R1-R5的连通性，避免环路

R1:[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0

R2:[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0

R3:[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0

R4:[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0

8、R4-R5实现链路通信

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.

[R5]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]sh
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shutdown
Jul 10 2025 19:35:17-08:00 R5 %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[0]:Interface GigabitEthern
et0/0/0 has turned into DOWN state.
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Jul 10 2025 19:35:17-08:00 R5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the DOWN state.

五、实验结果