ABP VNext + .NET Minimal API：极简微服务快速开发

ABP VNext + .NET Minimal API：极简微服务快速开发 💨

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1. 引言 🚀

TL;DR ✨

• 🔥 极简上手：用 .NET Minimal API + ABP VNext，仅需一个 Program.cs 即可启动轻量级微服务
• 🛡️ 保留核心能力：依然拥有 ABP 的依赖注入（DI）、AOP 拦截器、配置管理、审计日志等特性
• 🎉 即开即用：ProblemDetails 异常格式、Swagger/OpenAPI、多版本 API 文档、API 版本管理、健康检查、CORS、多语言本地化一键配置
• ⚡ 高性能、高可用：Serilog 日志 + Kestrel 原生优化 + Docker Compose，启动秒级响应

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2. 环境与依赖 🛠️

• .NET SDK：6 +

• ABP VNext：6.x +

• 数据库：PostgreSQL（生产）、In-Memory（测试）

• 关键 NuGet 包：

  dotnet add package Volo.Abp.AspNetCore.Builder  
  dotnet add package Volo.Abp.Modularity  
  dotnet add package Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore.PostgreSql  
  dotnet add package Volo.Abp.AutoMapper  
  dotnet add package Volo.Abp.AspNetCore.Serilog        # Serilog 丰富器  
  dotnet add package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer  
  dotnet add package Swashbuckle.AspNetCore  
  dotnet add package Asp.Versioning.Http  
  dotnet add package Asp.Versioning.Mvc.ApiExplorer      # 版本化 ApiExplorer  
  dotnet add package Hellang.Middleware.ProblemDetails    # ProblemDetails 中间件  
  dotnet add package Serilog  
  dotnet add package Serilog.Sinks.Console               # Serilog 控制台 Sink  
  dotnet add package StackExchange.Redis  
  

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3. 项目结构与入口 📂

MyMinimalService/
├─ Program.cs
├─ Modules/
│    └─ MyServiceModule.cs
├─ Application/
│    ├─ Dtos/
│    │    ├─ UserDto.cs
│    │    └─ CreateUserDto.cs
│    └─ IUserAppService.cs
├─ Domain/
│    ├─ Entities/
│    │    └─ User.cs
│    └─ MyDbContext.cs
└─ appsettings.json

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4. Program.cs 📝

using System.Text.Json;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
using Hellang.Middleware.ProblemDetails;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Json;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ApiExplorer;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Versioning;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.OpenApi.Models;
using Serilog;
using Volo.Abp;
using Volo.Abp.Autofac;
using Volo.Abp.AspNetCore.Builder;     // 确保 AddApplication 扩展可用
using Volo.Abp.AspNetCore.Serilog;
using Volo.Abp.EventBus;                // 确保 AddAbpEventBus 扩展可用
using Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore;var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);// 1. Serilog 全局配置 🔥
builder.Host.UseSerilog((ctx, lc) =>
{lc.ReadFrom.Configuration(ctx.Configuration).Enrich.FromLogContext().Enrich.WithProperty("Application", ctx.HostingEnvironment.ApplicationName).WriteTo.Console();
});// 2. 使用 Autofac 容器，确保 ABP AOP 拦截器生效 🛡️
builder.Host.UseAutofac();// 3. 注册 ABP 模块化支持（包含 ASP.NET Core 特性）📦
builder.Services.AddApplication<MyServiceModule>();// 4. 本地化：资源文件路径 🌐
builder.Services.AddLocalization(options => options.ResourcesPath = "Resources");// 5. ProblemDetails 异常格式化 ⚠️
builder.Services.AddProblemDetails(opts =>
{opts.MapToStatusCode<Exception>(StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError);
});// 6. 身份验证与授权 🔒
builder.Services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme).AddJwtBearer(options => {options.Authority = builder.Configuration["Auth:Issuer"];options.Audience  = builder.Configuration["Auth:Audience"];});
builder.Services.AddAuthorization();// 7. 启用 ABP 事件总线（自动注册 AOP 拦截器）🔄
builder.Services.AddAbpEventBus();// 8. JSON 序列化优化 📲
builder.Services.Configure<JsonOptions>(opts =>
{opts.SerializerOptions.PropertyNamingPolicy = JsonNamingPolicy.CamelCase;opts.SerializerOptions.DefaultIgnoreCondition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingNull;
});// 9. API 版本化 📑
builder.Services.AddApiVersioning(opts =>
{opts.AssumeDefaultVersionWhenUnspecified = true;opts.DefaultApiVersion = new ApiVersion(1, 0);opts.ReportApiVersions = true;opts.ApiVersionReader = new UrlSegmentApiVersionReader();
});
builder.Services.AddVersionedApiExplorer(opts =>
{opts.GroupNameFormat = "'v'VVV";opts.SubstituteApiVersionInUrl = true;
});// 10. Swagger/OpenAPI 🛠️
builder.Services.AddEndpointsApiExplorer();
builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen(opts =>
{// 在此阶段 BuildServiceProvider 有轻微容器重复，但示例中可用var provider = builder.Services.BuildServiceProvider().GetRequiredService<IApiVersionDescriptionProvider>();foreach (var desc in provider.ApiVersionDescriptions){opts.SwaggerDoc(desc.GroupName, new OpenApiInfo {Title   = "MyMinimalService",Version = desc.ApiVersion.ToString()});}
});// 11. 健康检查 + Redis 缓存 ❤️
builder.Services.AddHealthChecks().AddDbContextCheck<MyDbContext>("db").AddRedis(builder.Configuration["Redis:ConnectionString"], name: "redis");
builder.Services.AddStackExchangeRedisCache(opts =>
{opts.Configuration = builder.Configuration["Redis:ConnectionString"];
});// 12. CORS 🌐
builder.Services.AddCors(opts =>
{opts.AddDefaultPolicy(p =>p.AllowAnyOrigin().AllowAnyHeader().AllowAnyMethod());
});var app = builder.Build();// 13. 初始化 ABP 应用 🔧
app.InitializeApplication();

中间件管道（推荐顺序）⏱️

app.UseProblemDetails();                     // RFC7807 异常格式
app.UseAbpExceptionHandling();               // ABP 全局异常处理
app.UseAbpRequestLocalization();             // 本地化
app.UseCors();                               // 跨域
app.UseSerilogRequestLogging();              // Serilog 请求日志
app.UseAuthentication();                     // 验证
app.UseAuthorization();                      // 授权
app.UseAbpSerilogEnrichers();                // ABP Serilog 丰富器
app.UseSwagger();
app.UseSwaggerUI(c =>
{var provider = app.Services.GetRequiredService<IApiVersionDescriptionProvider>();foreach (var desc in provider.ApiVersionDescriptions){c.SwaggerEndpoint($"/swagger/{desc.GroupName}/swagger.json", desc.GroupName);}
});
app.UseHealthChecks("/health");// 极简路由定义 📍
app.MapGroup("/api/v{version:apiVersion}/users").MapGet("/{id}", (Guid id, IUserAppService svc) => svc.GetAsync(id)).MapGet("/",        (IUserAppService svc) => svc.GetListAsync()).MapPost("/",       (CreateUserDto dto, IUserAppService svc) => svc.CreateAsync(dto)).RequireAuthorization();app.Run();

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5. 定义 ABP 模块 🏗️

using Volo.Abp;
using Volo.Abp.Autofac;
using Volo.Abp.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Volo.Abp.AspNetCore.Serilog;
using Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Volo.Abp.Modularity;namespace MyMinimalService.Modules
{[DependsOn(typeof(AbpAspNetCoreModule),       // ASP.NET Core 特性支持typeof(AbpAutofacModule),typeof(AbpEntityFrameworkCoreModule),typeof(AbpAspNetCoreSerilogModule)  // Serilog 丰富器模块)]public class MyServiceModule : AbpModule{public override void ConfigureServices(ServiceConfigurationContext context){Configure<AbpDbContextOptions>(opts => opts.UseNpgsql());context.Services.AddAbpDbContext<MyDbContext>(opts =>{opts.AddDefaultRepositories(true);});context.Services.AddAutoMapperObjectMapper<MyServiceModule>();Configure<AbpAutoMapperOptions>(opt => opt.AddMaps<MyServiceModule>());}}
}

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6. 实体、DTO 与 DbContext 📦

实体：Domain/Entities/User.cs

using System;
using Volo.Abp.Domain.Entities.Auditing;namespace MyMinimalService.Domain.Entities
{/// <summary>/// 用户实体，继承了审计字段（CreationTime、CreatorId、LastModificationTime 等）/// </summary>public class User : AuditedAggregateRoot<Guid>{/// <summary>/// 用户名/// </summary>public string Name { get; set; }protected User() { }public User(Guid id, string name): base(id){Name = name;}}
}

DTO：Application/Dtos/UserDto.cs

using System;namespace MyMinimalService.Application.Dtos
{/// <summary>/// 用户数据传输对象/// </summary>public class UserDto{public Guid Id { get; set; }public string Name { get; set; }}
}

DTO：Application/Dtos/CreateUserDto.cs

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;namespace MyMinimalService.Application.Dtos
{/// <summary>/// 创建用户时的输入 DTO/// </summary>public class CreateUserDto{[Required][StringLength(128, MinimumLength = 1)]public string Name { get; set; }}
}

DbContext：Domain/MyDbContext.cs

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore;
using MyMinimalService.Domain.Entities;namespace MyMinimalService.Domain
{/// <summary>/// 应用的 EF Core 上下文，配置了 User 实体和默认仓储/// </summary>public class MyDbContext : AbpDbContext<MyDbContext>{public DbSet<User> Users { get; set; }public MyDbContext(DbContextOptions<MyDbContext> options): base(options){}protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder){base.OnModelCreating(builder);builder.Entity<User>(b =>{b.ToTable("AppUsers");                        // 自定义表名b.HasKey(x => x.Id);b.Property(x => x.Name).IsRequired().HasMaxLength(128);});}}
}

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7. 应用服务接口与实现 🛠️

接口：Application/IUserAppService.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Volo.Abp.Application.Services;
using MyMinimalService.Application.Dtos;namespace MyMinimalService.Application
{/// <summary>/// 定义用户相关的应用服务接口/// </summary>public interface IUserAppService : IApplicationService{/// <summary>/// 获取指定 Id 的用户/// </summary>Task<UserDto> GetAsync(Guid id);/// <summary>/// 获取所有用户列表/// </summary>Task<List<UserDto>> GetListAsync();/// <summary>/// 创建一个新用户/// </summary>Task<UserDto> CreateAsync(CreateUserDto input);}
}

实现：Application/UserAppService.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Volo.Abp.Application.Services;
using Volo.Abp.Domain.Repositories;
using MyMinimalService.Application.Dtos;
using MyMinimalService.Domain.Entities;namespace MyMinimalService.Application
{/// <summary>/// 用户应用服务实现，包含基本的增删改查/// </summary>public class UserAppService : ApplicationService, IUserAppService{private readonly IRepository<User, Guid> _repository;public UserAppService(IRepository<User, Guid> repository){_repository = repository;}/// <summary>/// 根据 Id 获取一个用户，需认证/// </summary>[Authorize]public async Task<UserDto> GetAsync(Guid id){var entity = await _repository.GetAsync(id);return ObjectMapper.Map<User, UserDto>(entity);}/// <summary>/// 获取所有用户列表/// </summary>public async Task<List<UserDto>> GetListAsync(){var entities = await _repository.GetListAsync();return entities.Select(u => ObjectMapper.Map<User, UserDto>(u)).ToList();}/// <summary>/// 创建新用户/// </summary>public async Task<UserDto> CreateAsync(CreateUserDto input){var user = new User(GuidGenerator.Create(), input.Name);var created = await _repository.InsertAsync(user);return ObjectMapper.Map<User, UserDto>(created);}}
}

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8. AOP 拦截器与调用流程 🔄

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9. 配置与环境管理 🌍

• 加载顺序：appsettings.json → appsettings.{环境}.json → 环境变量

• 示例 appsettings.json：

  {"ConnectionStrings": {"Default": "Host=localhost;Database=mydb;Username=user;Password=pass"},"Redis": {"ConnectionString": "localhost:6379"},"Auth": {"Issuer": "https://auth.example.com","Audience": "MyMinimalService"}
  }
  

• 支持 Kubernetes Secret、Vault 等插件扩展

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10. 安全与鉴权 🛡️

builder.Services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme).AddJwtBearer(options =>{options.Authority = cfg["Auth:Issuer"];options.Audience  = cfg["Auth:Audience"];});
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();

• 用 .RequireAuthorization() 或 [Authorize] 保护端点
• 支持 ABP 的 Policy 与 PermissionChecker

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11. 中间件与辅助功能 🔧

• ProblemDetails：统一异常格式
• AbpExceptionHandling：ABP 全局异常处理
• Localization：多语言支持
• Serilog：日志丰富器 + 请求日志
• Swagger/OpenAPI：多版本文档
• HealthChecks：健康探针
• CORS：跨域配置

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13. 最佳实践建议 📈

• DI 生命周期：DbContext 保持默认 Scoped

• Kestrel 调优：

  "Kestrel": {"Limits": { "MaxConcurrentConnections": 1000 }
  }
  

• 分布式缓存：Redis (AddStackExchangeRedisCache) 实现高可用

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