当前位置：首页 > news >正文

Java操作word实战

news 2025/7/4 13:54:03

文章目录

简介
段落
页头与页脚
页码
表格
图片
批注
文本框
目录
图表

简介

Word编程最重要的类是org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFDocument。涉及的东西十分复杂。而且Apache poi操作word的技术非常不成熟。代码中本身有很多bug。
Maven的依赖为

<dependency><groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId><artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId><version>5.0.0</version>
</dependency>

以下代码创建一个空word文档。

public class EmptyWord {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument();File file = new File("test.word");document.write(new FileOutputStream(file));}
}

段落

首先看看段落与字体设置。
假设有需要生成一个一级标题,利用document创建段落。每个段落又有多个run组成。Run不能继续拆分，一个run拥有共同的字体。如以下代码创建一个段落:

final XWPFParagraph paragraph = document.createParagraph();
paragraph.setNumILvl(BigInteger.valueOf(1L));
final XWPFRun run = paragraph.createRun();
run.setText("老了");
run.setFontSize(10);
run.setColor("ffff00");
run.setFontFamily("宋书");

而段落的大纲级别的设置比较复杂，代码如下

CTPPr pPr = paragraph.getCTP().getPPr();
if (pPr == null) {pPr = paragraph.getCTP().addNewPPr();
}
final CTDecimalNumber ctDecimalNumber = pPr.addNewOutlineLvl();
ctDecimalNumber.setVal(BigInteger.valueOf(1));
pPr.setOutlineLvl(ctDecimalNumber);

这里有一个难懂的概念，什么是CTP。
其效果如下：
在这里插入图片描述

页头与页脚

页头与页脚测试时发现生成的页头和页脚只能在WORD中看到，在WPS里看不到。这可能是POI的一个bug。生成页头和页脚都比较简单。

final XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument();
final XWPFHeader header = document.createHeader(HeaderFooterType.DEFAULT);
final XWPFParagraph paragraph = header.createParagraph();
final XWPFRun run = paragraph.createRun();
run.setText("我是页头");
run.setFontSize(12);
run.setColor("ff00ff");
System.out.println(header.getText());

页脚为：

// 页脚呢
final XWPFFooter footer = document.createFooter(HeaderFooterType.DEFAULT);
final XWPFParagraph footerParagraph = footer.createParagraph();
final XWPFRun footerParagraphRun = footerParagraph.createRun();
footerParagraphRun.setText("页脚");
footerParagraphRun.setFontSize(12);

完整效果如下：
在这里插入图片描述

页码

生成页码的方法比较复杂。但是值得挑战一下。

final XWPFFooter footer = document.createFooter(HeaderFooterType.DEFAULT);
XWPFParagraph paragraph = footer.createParagraph();
XWPFRun run = paragraph.createRun();
run.setText("第");run = paragraph.createRun();
CTFldChar ctFldChar = run.getCTR().addNewFldChar();
ctFldChar.setFldCharType(STFldCharType.BEGIN);// 又一段
run = paragraph.createRun();
CTText ctText = run.getCTR().addNewInstrText();
ctText.setStringValue("PAGE \\* MERGEFORMAT");
ctText.setSpace(SpaceAttribute.Space.Enum.forString("preserve"));ctFldChar = run.getCTR().addNewFldChar();
ctFldChar.setFldCharType(STFldCharType.END);run = paragraph.createRun();
run.setText("页 总共");run = paragraph.createRun();
ctFldChar = run.getCTR().addNewFldChar();
ctFldChar.setFldCharType(STFldCharType.BEGIN);run = paragraph.createRun();
ctText = run.getCTR().addNewInstrText();
ctText.setStringValue("NUMPAGES \\* MERGEFORMAT");
ctText.setSpace(SpaceAttribute.Space.Enum.forString("preserve"));ctFldChar = run.getCTR().addNewFldChar();
ctFldChar.setFldCharType(STFldCharType.END);run = paragraph.createRun();
run.setText("页");

同样，兼容word，不兼容WPS。
效果如下：
在这里插入图片描述

表格

Word里插入表格，是非常常见的功能。

final XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument();
final XWPFTable table = document.createTable(3, 3);
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {table.getRow(i).getCell(j).setText(i+"-"+j);}
}

表格有点丑，但是勉强可以用哈：
在这里插入图片描述

图片

插入图片也是必要的功能啊，代码示例如下：

String imagePath = "image.png"; // 图片路径FileInputStream imageStream = new FileInputStream(imagePath);// 设置图片尺寸（单位：EMU）int width = Units.toEMU(300); // 宽度（约4厘米）int height = Units.toEMU(200); // 高度final XWPFParagraph paragraph = document.createParagraph();final XWPFRun run = paragraph.createRun();// 插入图片run.addPicture(imageStream,XWPFDocument.PICTURE_TYPE_PNG, // 图片格式"image.png", // 描述文本width,height);imageStream.close();

插入图片效果：
在这里插入图片描述

批注

Word编程加批注是十分困难的、十分复杂的。在poi里，有同名的包，不能导错，以下是正确的包：

import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTComment;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTComments;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTText;

首先要写一个辅助类，辅助类倒是比较简单：

public class MyXWPFCommentsDocument extends POIXMLDocumentPart {private CTComments ctComments;private MyXWPFCommentsDocument(PackagePart part) {super(part);ctComments = CommentsDocument.Factory.newInstance().addNewComments();}public CTComments getCtComments() {return ctComments;}@Overrideprotected void commit() throws IOException {XmlOptions xmlOptions = new XmlOptions(POIXMLTypeLoader.DEFAULT_XML_OPTIONS);xmlOptions.setSaveSyntheticDocumentElement(new QName(CTComments.type.getName().getNamespaceURI(), "comments"));PackagePart part = getPackagePart();OutputStream out = part.getOutputStream();ctComments.save(out, xmlOptions);out.close();}public static MyXWPFCommentsDocument createCommentsDocument(XWPFDocument document) throws Exception {OPCPackage oPCPackage = document.getPackage();PackagePartName partName = PackagingURIHelper.createPartName("/word/comments.xml");PackagePart part = oPCPackage.createPart(partName, "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.comments+xml");MyXWPFCommentsDocument myXWPFCommentsDocument = new MyXWPFCommentsDocument(part);String rId = "rId" + (document.getRelationParts().size()+1);document.addRelation(rId, XWPFRelation.COMMENT, myXWPFCommentsDocument);return myXWPFCommentsDocument;}
}

以下是加入批注的方法：

 MyXWPFCommentsDocument myXWPFCommentsDocument = MyXWPFCommentsDocument.createCommentsDocument(document);CTComments comments = myXWPFCommentsDocument.getCtComments();CTComment ctComment;XWPFParagraph paragraph;//first commentBigInteger cId = BigInteger.ZERO;ctComment = comments.addNewComment();CTText ctText = ctComment.addNewP().addNewR().addNewT();ctText.setStringValue("The first comment.");ctComment.setAuthor("Axel Ríchter");ctComment.setInitials("AR");ctComment.setId(cId);paragraph = document.createParagraph();paragraph.getCTP().addNewCommentRangeStart().setId(cId);XWPFRun run;run = paragraph.createRun();run.setText("Paragraph with the first comment.");paragraph.getCTP().addNewCommentRangeEnd().setId(cId);paragraph.getCTP().addNewR().addNewCommentReference().setId(cId);

以下是批注的效果：
在这里插入图片描述

文本框

文本框的插入也是比较复杂，代码如下：

XWPFParagraph paragraph = document.createParagraph();
XWPFRun run=paragraph.createRun();
run.setText("The Body text: ");CTGroup ctGroup = CTGroup.Factory.newInstance();CTShape ctShape = ctGroup.addNewShape();
ctShape.setStyle("width:100pt;height:24pt");
CTTxbxContent ctTxbxContent = ctShape.addNewTextbox().addNewTxbxContent();
ctTxbxContent.addNewP().addNewR().addNewT().setStringValue("The TextBox text...");Node ctGroupNode = ctGroup.getDomNode();
CTPicture ctPicture = CTPicture.Factory.parse(ctGroupNode);
run=paragraph.createRun();
CTR cTR = run.getCTR();
cTR.addNewPict();
cTR.setPictArray(0, ctPicture);

简单展示下效果:
在这里插入图片描述

try (XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument()) {document.createTOC();final XWPFParagraph paragraph = document.createParagraph();// 获取段落属性，若不存在则新建CTPPr ppr = paragraph.getCTP().isSetPPr() ? paragraph.getCTP().getPPr() : paragraph.getCTP().addNewPPr();// 设置大纲级别为 1CTDecimalNumber outlineLvl = ppr.isSetOutlineLvl() ? ppr.getOutlineLvl() : ppr.addNewOutlineLvl();outlineLvl.setVal(BigInteger.valueOf(1));final XWPFRun run = paragraph.createRun();run.setText("标题一");run.setFontSize(10);run.setFontFamily("宋书");File file = new File("toc.docx");document.write(Files.newOutputStream(file.toPath()));}

虽然代码运行不报错，但是结果是生成不了目录。以下是效果图：
在这里插入图片描述

图表

英文叫chart，chart是需要关联excel表格的。所以这个特别复杂。完整代码如下：

// create the dataString[] categories = new String[] { "Lang 1", "Lang 2", "Lang 3" };Double[] valuesA = new Double[] { 10d, 20d, 30d };Double[] valuesB = new Double[] { 15d, 25d, 35d };// create the chartXWPFChart chart = doc.createChart(15 * Units.EMU_PER_CENTIMETER, 10 * Units.EMU_PER_CENTIMETER);// create data sourcesint numOfPoints =categories. Length;String categoryDataRange = chart.formatRange(new CellRangeAddress(1, numOfPoints, 0, 0));String valuesDataRangeA = chart.formatRange(new CellRangeAddress(1, numOfPoints, 1, 1));String valuesDataRangeB = chart.formatRange(new CellRangeAddress(1, numOfPoints, 2, 2));XDDFDataSource<String> categoriesData = XDDFDataSourcesFactory.fromArray(categories, categoryDataRange, 0);XDDFNumericalDataSource<Double> valuesDataA = XDDFDataSourcesFactory.fromArray(valuesA, valuesDataRangeA, 1);XDDFNumericalDataSource<Double> valuesDataB = XDDFDataSourcesFactory.fromArray(valuesB, valuesDataRangeB, 2);// create axisXDDFCategoryAxis bottomAxis = chart.createCategoryAxis(AxisPosition.BOTTOM);XDDFValueAxis leftAxis = chart.createValueAxis(AxisPosition.LEFT);leftAxis.setCrosses(AxisCrosses.AUTO_ZERO);// Set AxisCrossBetween, so the left axis crosses the category axis between the categories.// Else first and last category is exactly on cross points and the bars are only half visible.leftAxis.setCrossBetween(AxisCrossBetween.BETWEEN);// create chart dataXDDFChartData data = chart.createData(ChartTypes.BAR, bottomAxis, leftAxis);((XDDFBarChartData) data).setBarDirection(BarDirection.COL);// create series// if only one series do not vary colors for each bar((XDDFBarChartData) data).setVaryColors(false);XDDFChartData.Series series = data.addSeries(categoriesData, valuesDataA);// XDDFChart.setSheetTitle is buggy. It creates a Table but only half way and incomplete.// Excel cannot opening the workbook after creatingg that incomplete Table.// So updating the chart data in Word is not possible.//series.setTitle("a", chart.setSheetTitle("a", 1));series.setTitle("a", setTitleInDataSheet(chart, "a", 1));/*// if more than one series do vary colors of the series((XDDFBarChartData)data).setVaryColors(true);series = data.addSeries(categoriesData, valuesDataB);//series.setTitle("b", chart.setSheetTitle("b", 2));series.setTitle("b", setTitleInDataSheet(chart, "b", 2));
*/// plot chart datachart.plot(data);// create legendXDDFChartLegend legend = chart.getOrAddLegend();legend.setPosition(LegendPosition.LEFT);legend.setOverlay(false);

还有一个私有方法：

static CellReference setTitleInDataSheet(XWPFChart chart, String title, int column) throws Exception {XSSFWorkbook workbook = chart.getWorkbook();XSSFSheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);XSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(0);if (row == null)row = sheet.createRow(0);XSSFCell cell = row.getCell(column);if (cell == null)cell = row.createCell(column);cell.setCellValue(title);return new CellReference(sheet.getSheetName(), 0, column, true, true);
}