《Operating System Concepts》阅读笔记：p17-p25
《Operating System Concepts》学习第 5 天，p17-p25 总结，总计 9 页。
一、技术总结
1.计算机系统的组成结构
(1)CPU—The hardware that executes instructions.
(2)Processor—A physical chip that contains one or more CPUs.
(3)Core—The basic computation unit of the CPU.
(4)Multicore—Including multiple computing cores on the same CPU.
(5)Multiprocessor—Including multiple processors.
本人觉得这写总结非常好，摘录一下。
2.dual-mode
In order to ensure the proper execution of the system, we must be able to distinguish between the execution of operating-system code and user-defined code. The approach taken by most computer systems is to provide hardware support that allows differentiation among various modes of execution(为了确保系统正确执行，我们要区分出某个执行是系统代码的执行还是用户代码的执行——大部分计算机采用的方法是提供硬件支持，允许在各种模式之间进行切换)。
(1)user mode
(2)kernel mode
也称为 supervisor mode, system mode, privileged mode。
二、英语总结(生词：1)
1.contention
(1)contend: con-(“together, with”) + tendere(“to stretch, to strive”)
vi/vt. to compete in order to win sth.示例：The top tennis players in the world are contending for this title.
(2)contention
u. an act or instance of contending. 示例：He has taken himself out of contention for the directorship。
示例：Aside from architectural considerations, such as cache, memory, and bus contention, a multicore processor with N cores appears to the operating system as N standard CPUs(《Operating System Concepts》第 18 页)。
关于英语的注解同步更新汇总到 https://github.com/codists/English-In-CS-Books 仓库。
三、其它
日常吐槽——kernel mode 也称为 supervisor mode, system mode, privileged mode。各种称呼是真的多，有时候我们就是被这种名字绕晕了，导致搞不清楚这么多名词到底是指不同的东西，还是指同一个东西。
四、参考资料
1. 编程
(1) Abraham Silberschatz，Peter Baer Galvin，Greg Gagne《Operating System Concepts》：https://book.douban.com/subject/30272539/
2. 英语
(1) Etymology Dictionary：https://www.etymonline.com
(2) Cambridge Dictionary：https://dictionary.cambridge.org
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