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HCIP(BGP综合实验)

news 来源：原创 2025/6/5 14:46:08

一、实验拓扑

AS 划分：
- AS1：R1（环回 L0:172.16.0.1/32，L1:192.168.1.0/24）
- AS2：R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7（内部运行 OSPF，AS 号为 64512 和 64513 的联盟）
- AS3：R8（环回 L0:172.16.0.8/32，L1:192.168.2.0/24）
链路与环回：
- 骨干链路：AS2 内部使用 172.16.1.0/24 网段划分为 6 个 / 30 子网（如 172.16.1.0/30、172.16.1.4/30 等）。
- 建邻环回：各路由器建邻环回地址均属于 172.16.0.0/24 网段（如 R1:172.16.0.1/32，R2:172.16.0.2/32 等）。
- 业务环回：各路由器业务环回使用剩余子网（如 R3:172.16.3.0/24，R7:172.16.7.0/24）。

二、实验需求

特殊环回互通：
- AS1 的 192.168.1.0/24 和 AS3 的 192.168.2.0/24 不宣告任何协议，但需通过隧道实现互通。
AS2 配置：
- 使用 172.16.0.0/16 划分 IP，内部运行 OSPF 协议。
BGP 要求：
- 全网设备环回通过 BGP 互通，减少路由条目并避免环路。
- AS2 内部采用联盟（Sub AS 64512 和 64513），通过路由反射器（R3、R6）优化 IBGP 建邻。

三、实验思路

子网划分：
- 建邻环回：172.16.0.0/24 划分为 8 个 / 32 地址（R1-R8 各一个）。
- 骨干链路：172.16.1.0/24 划分为 6 个 / 30 子网（每链路两个 IP）。
- 业务环回：剩余子网分配给各路由器业务接口（如 172.16.3.0/24 给 R3）。
协议配置：
- AS2 内部通过 OSPF 实现互通。
- 配置 BGP 联盟、EBGP/IBGP 邻居关系，使用路由反射器防止环路。
- 对 192.168.1.0/24 和 192.168.2.0/24 搭建 GRE 隧道，通过静态路由引导流量。

四、实验步骤

1. 接口与环回配置

示例：
- R1：
  - 接口 GE0/0/0：12.1.1.1/24（连接 R2）。
  - 环回 L0：172.16.0.1/32（BGP 建邻），L1：192.168.1.1/24（业务，不宣告）。
- R2：
  - 接口 GE0/0/0：12.1.1.2/24（连接 R1），GE0/0/1：172.16.1.1/30（连接 R3），GE0/0/2：172.16.1.21/30（连接 R5）。
  - 环回 L1：172.16.0.2/32（BGP 建邻）。

2. OSPF 配置（AS2 内部）

配置示例：

[R2] ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0  # 骨干链路接口
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 172.16.1.21 0.0.0.0 # 骨干链路接口
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 172.16.0.2 0.0.0.0 # 建邻环回

目标：使 AS2 内部路由器通过 OSPF 学习到彼此的建邻环回和骨干链路路由，确保 BGP 建邻可达。

3. BGP 配置

联盟与邻居关系：
- AS2 联盟：Sub AS 64512（R2、R3、R4）和 64513（R5、R6、R7），联盟 ID 为 2。
- EBGP 邻居：
  - R1 与 R2（直连接口，AS1-AS2）。
  - R7 与 R8（直连接口，AS2-AS3）。
  - 联盟内 EBGP：R2 与 R5、R4 与 R7（环回口建邻，修改 TTL 为 255）。
- IBGP 邻居：
  - R2 与 R3、R3 与 R4（R3 为路由反射器）。
  - R5 与 R6、R6 与 R7（R6 为路由反射器）。

配置示例：

# R1（AS1）与R2（AS2）建立EBGP
[R1] bgp 1
[R1-bgp] peer 12.1.1.2 as-number 2
[R1-bgp-af-ipv4] peer 12.1.1.2 enable# R2（Sub AS 64512）配置联盟
[R2] bgp 64512
[R2-bgp] confederation id 2
[R2-bgp] confederation peer-as 64513  # 声明联盟内其他Sub AS
[R2-bgp] peer 172.16.0.5 as-number 64513  # 与R5（Sub AS 64513）建立联盟内EBGP
[R2-bgp] peer 172.16.0.5 connect-interface LoopBack1  # 使用环回口建邻
[R2-bgp] peer 172.16.0.5 ebgp-max-hop 255  # 修改TTL防止环回丢包

4. 路由宣告与隧道配置

BGP 宣告：
- 宣告各路由器的建邻环回和业务环回（除 192.168.1.0/24 和 192.168.2.0/24）。

GRE 隧道：

目的：实现 192.168.1.0/24 与 192.168.2.0/24 互通。

配置：

# R1隧道配置
[R1] interface Tunnel0/0/0
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0] ip address 10.1.1.1 24
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0] tunnel-protocol gre
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0] source 172.16.0.1  # 源为R1建邻环回
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0] destination 172.16.0.8  # 目的为R8建邻环回# R8隧道配置
[R8] interface Tunnel0/0/0
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0] ip address 10.1.1.2 24
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0] tunnel-protocol gre
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0] source 172.16.0.8
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0] destination 172.16.0.1

静态路由：

[R1] ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 10.1.1.2  # 通过隧道转发至R8
[R8] ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 10.1.1.1  # 通过隧道转发至R1

5. 测试验证

BGP 邻居状态：通过dis bgp peer确认所有邻居状态为Established。
路由表检查：通过dis bgp routing-table验证各路由器学习到全网环回路由。
连通性测试：
- 普通环回互通：如 R3（172.16.3.1） ping R7（172.16.7.1）。
- 特殊环回互通：R1（192.168.1.1） ping R8（192.168.2.8），通过 GRE 隧道实现通信。

五、关键技术点

BGP 联盟（Confederation）：
- 将 AS2 划分为两个 Sub AS，通过联盟内 EBGP 解决 IBGP 路由黑洞问题，同时隐藏内部 Sub AS 编号。
路由反射器（Route Reflector）：
- 在 AS2 的 Sub AS 内设置 R3 和 R6 为路由反射器，减少 IBGP 全连接复杂度，防止环路。
GRE 隧道：
- 用于传输未宣告的特殊网段流量，通过隧道封装跨越 BGP 网络实现互通。
TTL 修改与更新源：
- 联盟内 EBGP 使用环回口建邻时，需修改ebgp-max-hop（TTL）确保数据包可达。

六、具体配置

R1

[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.1 24
[R1]interface LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.1 32
[R1]interface LoopBack 1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.1 24
[R1]bgp 1
[R1-bgp]router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-bgp]peer 12.1.1.2 as-number 2
[R1-bgp]ipv4-family unicast 
[R1-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 12.1.1.2 enable
[R1-bgp-af-ipv4]network 172.16.0.1 32
[R1]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]source 172.16.0.1
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 172.16.0.8
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.2

R2

[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.2 24
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.1 30
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 172.16.1.21 30
[R2]interface LoopBack 1
[R2-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.0.2 32
[R2]ospf router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.21 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.2 0.0.0.0
[R2]bgp 64512
[R2-bgp]confederation id 2
[R2-bgp]router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513
[R2-bgp]peer 12.1.1.1 as-number 1
[R2]bgp 64512
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 as-number 64513
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 connect-interface LoopBack 1
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 ebgp-max-hop
[R2-bgp]ipv4-family unicast 
[R2-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 172.16.0.5 enable 
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 as-number 64512
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 connect-interface LoopBack 1
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 next-hop-local 
[R2-bgp]ipv4-family unicast 
[R2-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 172.16.0.3 enable
[R2-bgp-af-ipv4]network 172.16.0.2 32

R3

[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.2 30
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.5 30
[R3]interface LoopBack 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.3 24
[R3]interface LoopBack 1
[R3-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.3.1 24
[R3]ospf router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.2 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.5 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.3 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.3.1 0.0.0.0
[R3]bgp 64512
[R3-bgp]router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-bgp]confederation id 2
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 as-number 64512
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 next-hop-local
[R3-bgp]ipv4-family unicast 
[R3-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 172.16.0.2 enable
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 as-number 64512
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 next-hop-local
[R3-bgp]ipv4-family unicast
[R3-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 172.16.0.4 enable
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 reflect-client
[R3-bgp-af-ipv4]network 172.16.0.3 32
[R3-bgp-af-ipv4]network 172.16.3.1 24

R4

[Huawei]sysname R4
[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.6 30
[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.9 30
[R4]interface LoopBack 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.4 32
[R4]interface LoopBack 1
[R4-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.4.1 24
[R4]ospf router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.6 0.0.0.0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.9 0.0.0.0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.4 0.0.0.0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.4.1 0.0.0.0
[R4]bgp 64512
[R4-bgp]router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-bgp]confederation id 2
[R4-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 as-number 64513
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 ebgp-max-hop
[R4-bgp]ipv4-family unicast
[R4-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 172.16.0.7 enable
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 as-number 64512
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 next-hop-local
[R4-bgp]ipv4-family unicast
[R4-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 172.16.0.3 enable 
[R4-bgp-af-ipv4]network 172.16.0.4 32
[R4-bgp-af-ipv4]network 172.16.4.1 24

R5

[Huawei]sysname R5
[R5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.22 30
[R5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.17 30
[R5]interface LoopBack 0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.5 32
[R5-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.5 30
[R5]interface LoopBack 1
[R5-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.5.1 24
[R5]ospf router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.22 0.0.0.0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.17 0.0.0.0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.5 0.0.0.0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.5.1 0.0.0.0
[R5]bgp 64513
[R5-bgp]router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-bgp]confederation id 2
[R5-bgp]confederation  peer-as 64512
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 as-number 64512
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 ebgp-max-hop
[R5-bgp]ipv4-family unicast
[R5-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 172.16.0.2 enable
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 as-number 64513
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 next-hop-local 	
[R5-bgp]ipv4-family unicast 	
[R5-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 172.16.0.6 enable 
[R5-bgp-af-ipv4]network 172.16.0.5 32
[R5-bgp-af-ipv4]network 172.16.5.1 24

R6

[Huawei]sysname R6
[R6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.18 30
[R6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.13 30
[R6]interface LoopBack 0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.6 32
[R6]interface LoopBack 1
[R6-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.6.1 24
[R6]ospf router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]area 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.18 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.13 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.6 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.1 0.0.0.0
[R6]bgp 64513
[R6-bgp]router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-bgp]confederation id 2	
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 as-number 64513
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 next-hop-local 
[R6-bgp]ipv4-family unicast 
[R6-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 172.16.0.5 enable
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 as-number 64513
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 next-hop-local 
[R6-bgp]ipv4-family unicast 
[R6-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 172.16.0.7 enable 
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 reflect-client 
[R6-bgp-af-ipv4]network 172.16.0.6 32
[R6-bgp-af-ipv4]network 172.16.6.1 24

R7

[Huawei]sysname R7
[R7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.14 30
[R7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 34.1.1.7 24
[R7]interface LoopBack 0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.7 32
[R7]interface LoopBack 1
[R7-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.7.1 24
[R7]ospf router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.14 0.0.0.0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.10 0.0.0.0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.7 0.0.0.0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.7.1 0.0.0.0
[R7]bgp 64513
[R7-bgp]router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-bgp]confederation id 2
[R7-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[R7-bgp]peer 34.1.1.8 as-number 3
[R7-bgp]ipv4-family unicast 
[R7-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 34.1.1.8 enable
[R7]bgp 64513
[R7-bgp]router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-bgp]confederation id 2
[R7-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 as-number 64512
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 ebgp-max-hop
[R7-bgp]ipv4-family unicast
[R7-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 172.16.0.4 enable 
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 as-number 64513
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 next-hop-local 
[R7-bgp]ipv4-family unicast 
[R7-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 172.16.0.6 enable 
[R7-bgp-af-ipv4]network 172.16.0.7 32
[R7-bgp-af-ipv4]network 172.16.7.1 24

R8

[Huawei]sysname R8
[R8]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 34.1.1.8 24
[R8]interface LoopBack 0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.8 32
[R8]interface LoopBack 1
[R8-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.2.8 24
[R8]bgp 3
[R8-bgp]router-id 8.8.8.8
[R8-bgp]peer 34.1.1.7 as-number 2
[R8-bgp]ipv4-family unicast 
[R8-bgp-af-ipv4]peer 34.1.1.7 enable 
[R8]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0] tunnel-protocol gre
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0] source 172.16.0.8
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 172.16.0.1
[R8]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 10.1.1.1

七、检查配置

1.查看R2-R7路由器的路由表，看表中是否学习到R2-R7的环回地址，这非常重要，关系到BGP的建邻。下图以R2和R5的路由表为例：

R2

[R2]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 28       Routes : 28       Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface12.1.1.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   12.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/012.1.1.2/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/012.1.1.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0172.16.0.2/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack1172.16.0.3/32  OSPF    10   1           D   172.16.1.2      GigabitEthernet
0/0/1172.16.0.4/32  OSPF    10   2           D   172.16.1.2      GigabitEthernet
0/0/1172.16.0.5/32  OSPF    10   1           D   172.16.1.22     GigabitEthernet
0/0/2172.16.0.6/32  OSPF    10   2           D   172.16.1.22     GigabitEthernet
0/0/2172.16.0.7/32  OSPF    10   3           D   172.16.1.22     GigabitEthernet

R5

[R5]display ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 28       Routes : 28       Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0172.16.0.2/32  OSPF    10   1           D   172.16.1.21     GigabitEthernet
0/0/0172.16.0.3/32  OSPF    10   2           D   172.16.1.21     GigabitEthernet
0/0/0172.16.0.4/30  Direct  0    0           D   172.16.0.5      LoopBack0172.16.0.4/32  OSPF    10   3           D   172.16.1.21     GigabitEthernet
0/0/0172.16.0.5/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0172.16.0.6/32  OSPF    10   1           D   172.16.1.18     GigabitEthernet
0/0/1172.16.0.7/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0

2.查看邻居表，邻居是否起来，如果邻居没起来，即使后面宣告了网段，也不会全网通，所以这步很关键

R1

[R1]dis bgp peerBGP local router ID : 1.1.1.1    
Local AS number : 1
Total number of peers : 1       Peers in established state : 1Peer            V           AS  MsgRcvd MsgSent OutQ Up/Down      State Pre
fRCV 
12.1.1.2          4            2       14       9    0 00:06:45 Established6

R2

[R2]dis bgp peerBGP local router ID : 2.2.2.2
Local AS number : 64512
Total number of peers : 3      Peers in established state : 3Peer           V          AS  MsgRcvd MsgSent OutQ Up/Down      State Pre
fRCV12.1.1.1         4           1        9      15    0 00:06:32 Established1
172.16.0.3       4       64512       15      12    0 00:05:14 Established2
172.16.0.5       4       64513       14      14    0 00:04:19 Established5

R3

[R3]dis bgp peer
BGP local router ID : 3.3.3.3
Local AS number : 64512
Total number of peers : 2      Peers in established state : 2Peer          V           AS  MsgRcvd MsgSent OutQ Up/Down    State Pre
fRCV172.16.0.2      4        64512       24      20    0 00:09:42 Established
5
172.16.0.4      4        64512       30      30    0 00:22:33 Established
6

R4

[R4]dis bgp peerBGP local router ID : 4.4.4.4
Local AS number : 64512
Total number of peers : 2       Peers in established state : 2Peer           V           AS    MsgRcvd MsgSent OutQ Up/Down       State Pre   
fRCV172.16.0.3       4        64512         31      31    0 00:23:13 Established6
172.16.0.7       4        64513         30      29    0 00:23:13 Established5

R5

[R5]dis bgp peerBGP local router ID : 5.5.5.5
Local AS number : 64513
Total number of peers : 2      Peers in established state : 2Peer           V          AS  MsgRcvd MsgSent OutQ Up/Down       State Pre
fRCV172.16.0.2       4       64512       19      22    0 00:09:50 Established
3
172.16.0.6       4       64513       34      29    0 00:23:39 Established
5

R6

[R6]dis bgp peerBGP local router ID : 6.6.6.6
Local AS number : 64513
Total number of peers : 2      Peers in established state : 2Peer           V          AS  MsgRcvd MsgSent OutQ Up/Down       State Pre
fRcv172.16.0.5       4       64513       30      36    0 00:24:01 Established4
172.16.0.7       4       64513       32      31    0 00:24:06 Established6

R7

[R7]dis bgp peerBGP local router ID : 7.7.7.7
Local AS number : 64513
Total number of peers : 3       Peers in established state : 3Peer           V          AS   MsgRcvd MsgSent OutQ Up/Down       State Pre
fRCV34.1.1.8         4           3        28      34    0 00:25:06 Established1
172.16.0.4       4       64512        30      32    0 00:24:24 Established4
172.16.0.6       4       64513        31      33    0 00:24:32 Established5

R8

[R8]dis bgp peerBGP local router ID : 8.8.8.8
Local AS number : 3
Total number of peers : 1       Peers in established state : 1Peer           V          AS    MsgRcvd MsgSent OutQ Up/Down       State Pre
fRcv34.1.1.7         4          2          34      29    0 00:25:29 Established
7

3.查看bgp路由表的学习情况。

R1

[R1]dis bgp routing-tableBGP Local router ID is 1.1.1.1Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - StaleOrigin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incompleteTotal Number of Routes: 7Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf   PrefVal Path/Ogn*>   172.16.0.1/32      0.0.0.0         0                    0      i
*>   172.16.0.8/32      12.1.1.2                             0      2 3i
*>   172.16.3.0/24      12.1.1.2                             0      2i
*>   172.16.4.0/24      12.1.1.2                             0      2i
*>   172.16.5.0/24      12.1.1.2                             0      2i
*>   172.16.6.0/24      12.1.1.2                             0      2i
*>   172.16.7.0/24      12.1.1.2                             0      2i

R2

[R2]dis bgp routing-tableBGP Local router ID is 2.2.2.2Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - StaleOrigin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incompleteTotal Number of Routes: 8Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf   PrefVal Path/Ogi*>   172.16.0.1/32      0.0.0.0         0          100       0      1ii  172.16.0.5/32      172.16.0.5      0          100              (64513)i
*>i  172.16.0.8/32      172.16.0.7      0          100       0      (64513)3i
*>i  172.16.3.0/24      172.16.0.3      0          100       0      i
*>i  172.16.4.0/24      172.16.0.4      0          100       0      i
*>i  172.16.5.0/24      172.16.0.5      0          100       0      (64513)i
*>i  172.16.6.0/24      172.16.0.6      0          100       0      (64513)i
*>i  172.16.7.0/24      172.16.0.7      0          100       0      (64513)i

R3

[R3]dis bgp routing-tableBGP Local router ID is 3.3.3.3Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - StaleOrigin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incompleteTotal Number of Routes: 13Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf   PrefVal Path/Ogn
*>i  172.16.0.1/32      172.16.0.2      0          100       0      i
*>   172.16.0.3/32      0.0.0.0 0       0                           ii  172.16.0.4/32      172.16.0.4      0          100       0      i
*>i  172.16.0.8/32      172.16.0.7      0          100       0      (64513)3ii  172.16.0.9/32      172.16.0.7      0          100       0      (64513)3i
*>   172.16.3.0/24      0.0.0.0 0       0                           i
*>i  172.16.4.0/24      172.16.0.4      0          100       0      (64513)i
*>i  172.16.5.0/24      172.16.0.5      0          100       0      (64513)i
*>i  172.16.6.0/24      172.16.0.6      0          100       0      (64513)i
*>i  172.16.7.0/24      172.16.0.7      0          100       0      (64513)i

R4

[R4]dis bgp routing-tableBGP Local router ID is 4.4.4.4Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - StaleOrigin : i - IGP, e - EGP,? - incompleteTotal Number of Routes: 13Network            NextHop       MED        LocPrf     PrefVal Path/Ogn
*>i  172.16.0.1/32      172.16.0.2     0          100         0      li
*>   172.16.0.4/32      0.0.0.0        0                      0      ii  172.16.0.7/32      172.16.0.7     0          100         0      (64513)i
*>i  172.16.0.8/32      172.16.0.7     0          100         0      (64513) 3ii  172.16.0.9/32      172.16.0.7     0          100         0      (64513) 3i
*>i  172.16.3.0/24      172.16.0.3     0          100         0      i
*>   172.16.4.0/24      0.0.0.0        0                      0      i
*>i  172.16.5.0/24      172.16.0.5     0          100         0      (64513)ii  172.16.5.0/24      172.16.0.5     0          100         0      (64513)i
*>i  172.16.6.0/24      172.16.0.6     0          100         0      (64513)ii  172.16.6.0/24      172.16.0.6     0          100         0      (64513)i
*>i  172.16.7.0/24      172.16.0.7     0          100         0      (64513)ii  172.16.7.0/24      172.16.0.7     0          100         0      (64513)i

R5

[R5]dis bgp routing-tableBGP Local router ID is 5.5.5.5Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - StaleOrigin : i - IGP, e - EGP,? - incompleteTotal Number of Routes: 10Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn
*>i  172.16.0.1/32      172.16.0.2      0          100        0      (64512)1i
*>i  172.16.0.2/32      12.1.1.1        0          100        0      (64512)1i
*>   172.16.0.5/32      0.0.0.0         0                     0      i    i  172.16.0.6/32      172.16.0.6      0          100        0      i
*>i  172.16.0.8/32      172.16.0.7      0          100        0      3i
*>i  172.16.3.0/24      172.16.0.3      0          100        0      (64512)i
*>i  172.16.4.0/24      172.16.0.4      0          100        0      (64512)i
*>   172.16.5.0/24      0.0.0.0         0                     0      i
*>i  172.16.6.0/24      172.16.0.6      0          100        0      i
*>i  172.16.7.0/24      172.16.0.7      0          100        0      i

R6

[R6]dis bgp routing-tableBGP Local router ID is 6.6.6.6Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - StaleOrigin : i - IGP, e - EGP,? - incompleteTotal Number of Routes: 12Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn
*>i  172.16.0.1/32      172.16.0.2      0          100         0     (64512) 1ii  172.16.0.5/32      172.16.0.5      0          100         0     i
*>   172.16.0.6/32      0.0.0.0         0                      0     ii  172.16.0.7/32      172.16.0.7      0          100         0     i
*>i  172.16.0.8/32      172.16.0.7      0          100         0     3i
*>i  172.16.3.0/24      172.16.0.3      0          100         0     (64512)i
*>i  172.16.3.0/24      172.16.0.3      0          100         0     (64512)i
*>i  172.16.4.0/24      172.16.0.4      0          100         0     (64512)ii  172.16.4.0/24      172.16.0.4      0          100         0     (64512)i
*>i  172.16.5.0/24      172.16.0.5      0          100         0     i
*>   172.16.6.0/24      0.0.0.0         0                      0     i
*>i  172.16.7.0/24      172.16.0.7      0          100         0     i

R7

[R7]dis bgp routing-tableBGP Local router ID is 7.7.7.7Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - StaleOrigin : i - IGP, e - EGP,? - incompleteTotal Number of Routes: 12Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn
*>i  172.16.0.1/32      172.16.0.2      0          100        0     (64512)1i i  172.16.0.4/32      172.16.0.4      0          100        0     (64512)ii  172.16.0.6/32      172.16.0.6      0          100        0     i
*>   172.16.0.7/32      0.0.0.0         0                     0     i
*>   172.16.0.8/32      34.1.1.8        0                     0     3i
*>i  172.16.3.0/24      172.16.0.3      0          100        0     (64512)i
*>i  172.16.3.0/24      172.16.0.3      0          100        0     (64512)i
*>i  172.16.4.0/24      172.16.0.4      0          100        0     (64512)ii  172.16.4.0/24      172.16.0.4      0          100        0     (64512)i
*>i  172.16.5.0/24      172.16.0.5      0          100        0     i
*>i  172.16.6.0/24      172.16.0.6      0          100        0     i
*>   172.16.7.0/24      0.0.0.0         0                     0     i

R8

[R8]dis bgp routing-tableBGP Local router ID is 8.8.8.8Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - StaleOrigin : i - IGP, e - EGP,? - incompleteTotal Number of Routes: 1Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn*>   172.16.0.1/32      34.1.1.7                              0      2  li

4.测试：全网通

R1

[R1]ping -a 172.16.0.1 172.16.0.8
PING 172.16.0.8: 56 data bytes, press CTRL C to break
Reply from 172.16.0.8: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=251 time=70 ms
Reply from 172.16.0.8: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=251 time=50 ms
Reply from 172.16.0.8: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=251 time=50 ms
Reply from 172.16.0.8: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=251 time=50 ms
Reply from 172.16.0.8: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=251 time=50 ms

R3

[R3]ping -a 172.16.3.1 172.16.0.1
PING 172.16.0.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL C to break
Reply from 172.16.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=30 ms
Reply from 172.16.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=30 ms
Reply from 172.16.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=20 ms
Reply from 172.16.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=30 ms
Reply from 172.16.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=30 ms172.16.0.1 ping statistics
5 packet (s) transmitted
5 packet (s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 20/28/30 ms[R3]ping -a 172.16.3.1 172.16.7.1
PING 172.16.7.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL C to break
Reply from 172.16.7.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=252 time=50 ms
Reply from 172.16.7.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=252 time=50 ms
Reply from 172.16.7.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=252 time=30 ms
Reply from 172.16.7.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=252 time=40 ms
Reply from 172.16.7.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=252 time=40 ms172.16.7.1 ping statistics
5 packet (s) transmitted
5 packet (s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 30/42/50 ms

R8

[R8]ping -a 192.168.2.8 192.168.1.1
PING 192.168.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL C to break
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 tt1=255 time=40 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=40 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=50 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=40 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=50 ms192.168.1.1 ping statistics
5 packet (s) transmitted
5 packet (s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 40/44/50 ms