从零打造AI面试系统全栈开发
🤖 AI面试系统开发完整教程
📋 项目概述
本教程将带你从零开始构建一个完整的AI面试系统，包含前端、后端、AI集成和部署的全流程。
源码地址
技术栈
- 前端: React + TypeScript + Vite + Vaadin Components
- 后端: Spring Boot + Spring Security + JPA
- 数据库: PostgreSQL (含向量扩展)
- AI集成: 阿里千问大模型 + Spring AI
- 实时通信: WebSocket + WebRTC
- 部署: Docker + Docker Compose
项目结构
AI-Interview/
├── frontend/ # React前端项目
│ ├── src/
│ │ ├── components/ # React组件
│ │ ├── services/ # API服务
│ │ └── utils/ # 工具函数
├── consumer-api/ # Spring Boot后端API
│ ├── src/main/java/
│ │ ├── controller/ # REST控制器
│ │ ├── service/ # 业务逻辑层
│ │ ├── repository/ # 数据访问层
│ │ └── entity/ # 实体类
├── common/ # 公共模块
└── docs/ # 文档
🎯 学习路径 - 阶段性项目验收
阶段1-2: 基础面试页面 + 视频通话功能
阶段1: 项目环境搭建与基础架构
1.1 创建Spring Boot后端项目
创建主启动类
// consumer-api/src/main/java/com/ai/interview/Application.java
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableJpaRepositories
@EnableWebSecurity
public class Application {/*** 应用程序主入口点* @param args 命令行参数*/public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);}/*** 配置CORS跨域支持* 知识点: CORS(Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)是浏览器安全策略* 前后端分离项目必须配置CORS才能正常通信*/@Beanpublic CorsConfigurationSource corsConfigurationSource() {CorsConfiguration configuration = new CorsConfiguration();// 允许的源地址configuration.setAllowedOriginPatterns(Arrays.asList("*"));// 允许的HTTP方法configuration.setAllowedMethods(Arrays.asList("GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE", "OPTIONS"));// 允许的请求头configuration.setAllowedHeaders(Arrays.asList("*"));// 允许携带认证信息configuration.setAllowCredentials(true);UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();source.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", configuration);return source;}
}
知识点讲解:
@SpringBootApplication: Spring Boot核心注解，包含了自动配置、组件扫描等功能@EnableJpaRepositories: 启用JPA数据访问，Spring会自动创建Repository实现类- CORS配置是前后端分离项目的必备配置，解决浏览器同源策略限制
配置文件设置
# consumer-api/src/main/resources/application.yml
server:port: 8080servlet:context-path: /apispring:# 数据源配置datasource:url: jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/ai_interviewusername: postgrespassword: passworddriver-class-name: org.postgresql.Driver# JPA配置jpa:hibernate:ddl-auto: update # 自动更新数据库结构show-sql: true # 显示SQL语句properties:hibernate:dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialectformat_sql: true# AI配置ai:alibaba:api-key: ${ALIBABA_AI_API_KEY:your-api-key}# 日志配置
logging:level:com.ai.interview: DEBUGorg.springframework.security: DEBUG
知识点讲解:
ddl-auto: update: 开发阶段使用，自动根据实体类更新数据库表结构show-sql: true: 开发调试时显示Hibernate生成的SQL语句- 环境变量配置(
${ALIBABA_AI_API_KEY:your-api-key})：生产环境安全实践
1.2 创建基础实体类
用户实体类
// consumer-api/src/main/java/com/ai/interview/entity/User.java
@Entity
@Table(name = "users")
@Data // Lombok注解，自动生成getter/setter
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Builder
public class User {@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)private Long id;/*** 用户名，业务主键* 知识点: @Column注解用于自定义列属性* unique=true 确保用户名唯一性* nullable=false 确保非空约束*/@Column(unique = true, nullable = false, length = 50)private String username;/*** 密码，使用BCrypt加密存储* 知识点: 密码安全存储，永远不要明文存储密码*/@Column(nullable = false)private String password;/*** 邮箱地址*/@Column(unique = true, nullable = false)private String email;/*** 用户角色* 知识点: @Enumerated注解处理枚举类型* EnumType.STRING: 存储枚举的字符串值，可读性好*/@Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)@Column(nullable = false)private UserRole role = UserRole.USER;/*** 创建时间* 知识点: @CreationTimestamp自动设置创建时间*/@CreationTimestamp@Column(name = "created_at")private LocalDateTime createdAt;/*** 更新时间* 知识点: @UpdateTimestamp自动更新修改时间*/@UpdateTimestamp@Column(name = "updated_at")private LocalDateTime updatedAt;/*** 账户状态*/private Boolean enabled = true;
}/*** 用户角色枚举* 知识点: 枚举类型在Java中的最佳实践*/
public enum UserRole {USER("普通用户"),ADMIN("管理员");private final String description;UserRole(String description) {this.description = description;}public String getDescription() {return description;}
}
面试记录实体类
// consumer-api/src/main/java/com/ai/interview/entity/InterviewSession.java
@Entity
@Table(name = "interview_sessions")
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Builder
public class InterviewSession {@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)private Long id;/*** 面试会话与用户的多对一关系* 知识点: JPA关联关系映射* @ManyToOne: 多个面试记录对应一个用户* @JoinColumn: 指定外键列名* fetch = FetchType.LAZY: 懒加载，只有访问时才查询用户信息*/@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)@JoinColumn(name = "user_id", nullable = false)private User user;/*** 面试类型*/@Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)private InterviewType type;/*** 面试状态*/@Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)private InterviewStatus status = InterviewStatus.PENDING;/*** 面试开始时间*/@Column(name = "start_time")private LocalDateTime startTime;/*** 面试结束时间*/@Column(name = "end_time")private LocalDateTime endTime;/*** 面试评分*/private Integer score;/*** AI评价内容* 知识点: @Lob注解用于存储大文本*/@Lobprivate String feedback;@CreationTimestamp@Column(name = "created_at")private LocalDateTime createdAt;
}/*** 面试类型枚举*/
public enum InterviewType {TECHNICAL("技术面试"),BEHAVIORAL("行为面试"),CODING("编程面试");private final String description;InterviewType(String description) {this.description = description;}public String getDescription() {return description;}
}/*** 面试状态枚举*/
public enum InterviewStatus {PENDING("待开始"),IN_PROGRESS("进行中"),COMPLETED("已完成"),CANCELLED("已取消");private final String description;InterviewStatus(String description) {this.description = description;}public String getDescription() {return description;}
}
1.3 创建数据访问层
用户Repository
// consumer-api/src/main/java/com/ai/interview/repository/UserRepository.java
@Repository
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {/*** 根据用户名查找用户* 知识点: Spring Data JPA方法命名规则* findBy + 属性名：会自动生成查询方法* Optional<T>: Java 8引入，优雅处理可能为null的情况*/Optional<User> findByUsername(String username);/*** 根据邮箱查找用户*/Optional<User> findByEmail(String email);/*** 检查用户名是否存在* 知识点: existsBy开头的方法返回boolean类型*/boolean existsByUsername(String username);/*** 检查邮箱是否存在*/boolean existsByEmail(String email);/*** 根据角色查找用户列表* 知识点: List<T>返回类型表示可能有多个结果*/List<User> findByRole(UserRole role);/*** 根据启用状态查找用户*/List<User> findByEnabled(Boolean enabled);/*** 自定义查询：根据用户名模糊查找* 知识点: @Query注解编写自定义JPQL查询* ?1表示第一个参数，%用于模糊匹配*/@Query("SELECT u FROM User u WHERE u.username LIKE %?1%")List<User> findByUsernameContaining(String username);
}
面试记录Repository
// consumer-api/src/main/java/com/ai/interview/repository/InterviewSessionRepository.java
@Repository
public interface InterviewSessionRepository extends JpaRepository<InterviewSession, Long> {/*** 根据用户ID查找面试记录* 知识点: 关联实体的查询方式* user.id表示通过user关联实体的id属性查询*/List<InterviewSession> findByUserId(Long userId);/*** 根据面试类型查找记录*/List<InterviewSession> findByType(InterviewType type);/*** 根据面试状态查找记录*/List<InterviewSession> findByStatus(InterviewStatus status);/*** 查找用户的最新面试记录* 知识点: 排序和限制结果数量* ORDER BY创建时间倒序，取第一条*/@Query("SELECT i FROM InterviewSession i WHERE i.user.id = ?1 ORDER BY i.createdAt DESC")List<InterviewSession> findLatestByUserId(Long userId, Pageable pageable);/*** 统计用户的面试次数* 知识点: 聚合查询COUNT函数*/@Query("SELECT COUNT(i) FROM InterviewSession i WHERE i.user.id = ?1")Long countByUserId(Long userId);/*** 查找指定时间范围内的面试记录* 知识点: 时间范围查询* BETWEEN关键字用于范围查询*/@Query("SELECT i FROM InterviewSession i WHERE i.startTime BETWEEN ?1 AND ?2")List<InterviewSession> findByTimeRange(LocalDateTime start, LocalDateTime end);
}
知识点总结:
- JPA Repository继承层次:
JpaRepository→PagingAndSortingRepository→CrudRepository - 方法命名规则: Spring Data JPA通过方法名自动生成查询
- 关联查询: 通过
.操作符访问关联实体属性 - Optional类型: 避免NullPointerException的最佳实践
- 分页查询: 使用
Pageable参数实现分页功能
1.4 创建前端React项目结构
前端项目package.json
{"name": "ai-interview-frontend","version": "1.0.0","type": "module","scripts": {"dev": "vite","build": "tsc && vite build","preview": "vite preview"},"dependencies": {"@vaadin/react-components": "^24.3.0","react": "^18.2.0","react-dom": "^18.2.0","react-router-dom": "^6.8.0","axios": "^1.3.0","simple-peer": "^9.11.1"},"devDependencies": {"@types/react": "^18.0.27","@types/react-dom": "^18.0.10","@vitejs/plugin-react": "^3.1.0","typescript": "^4.9.3","vite": "^4.1.0"}
}
知识点讲解:
- Vite: 现代前端构建工具，比Webpack更快的热重载
- @vaadin/react-components: 企业级UI组件库，提供丰富的表单和布局组件
- simple-peer: WebRTC的简化封装，用于实现视频通话功能
- axios: HTTP客户端库，用于API调用
Vite配置文件
// frontend/vite.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from 'vite';
import react from '@vitejs/plugin-react';/*** Vite配置* 知识点: Vite是基于ES模块的构建工具*/
export default defineConfig({plugins: [react()],// 开发服务器配置server: {port: 3000,// 代理配置，解决开发环境跨域问题proxy: {'/api': {target: 'http://localhost:8080',changeOrigin: true,// rewrite: (path) => path.replace(/^\/api/, '')}}},// 构建配置build: {outDir: 'dist',sourcemap: true}
});
知识点讲解:
- 代理配置: 开发环境下将API请求代理到后端服务器，避免CORS问题
- sourcemap: 生成源码映射，便于生产环境调试
1.5 创建基础API服务
API服务基类
// frontend/src/services/api.ts
import axios, { AxiosInstance, AxiosRequestConfig, AxiosResponse } from 'axios';/*** API响应数据结构* 知识点: TypeScript泛型接口，T表示数据的具体类型*/
export interface ApiResponse<T = any> {success: boolean;data: T;message: string;code: number;
}/*** API服务类* 知识点: 单例模式，全局统一的API客户端*/
class ApiService {private axiosInstance: AxiosInstance;constructor() {// 创建axios实例this.axiosInstance = axios.create({baseURL: '/api',timeout: 10000,headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}});// 请求拦截器this.setupRequestInterceptor();// 响应拦截器this.setupResponseInterceptor();}/*** 设置请求拦截器* 知识点: 拦截器用于统一处理请求/响应* 在每个请求发送前自动添加认证token*/private setupRequestInterceptor(): void {this.axiosInstance.interceptors.request.use((config: AxiosRequestConfig) => {// 从localStorage获取tokenconst token = localStorage.getItem('user_token');if (token) {// 添加认证头config.headers = {...config.headers,'user_token': token};}console.log('发送请求:', config.method?.toUpperCase(), config.url);return config;},(error) => {console.error('请求错误:', error);return Promise.reject(error);});}/*** 设置响应拦截器* 知识点: 统一处理响应数据和错误*/private setupResponseInterceptor(): void {this.axiosInstance.interceptors.response.use((response: AxiosResponse<ApiResponse>) => {console.log('收到响应:', response.status, response.data);return response;},(error) => {// 统一错误处理if (error.response?.status === 401) {// token失效，跳转到登录页localStorage.removeItem('user_token');window.location.href = '/login';}console.error('响应错误:', error.response?.data || error.message);return Promise.reject(error);});}/*** GET请求* 知识点: 泛型方法，T表示返回数据的类型*/async get<T = any>(url: string, config?: AxiosRequestConfig): Promise<ApiResponse<T>> {const response = await this.axiosInstance.get<ApiResponse<T>>(url, config);return response.data;}/*** POST请求*/async post<T = any>(url: string, data?: any, config?: AxiosRequestConfig): Promise<ApiResponse<T>> {const response = await this.axiosInstance.post<ApiResponse<T>>(url, data, config);return response.data;}/*** PUT请求*/async put<T = any>(url: string, data?: any, config?: AxiosRequestConfig): Promise<ApiResponse<T>> {const response = await this.axiosInstance.put<ApiResponse<T>>(url, data, config);return response.data;}/*** DELETE请求*/async delete<T = any>(url: string, config?: AxiosRequestConfig): Promise<ApiResponse<T>> {const response = await this.axiosInstance.delete<ApiResponse<T>>(url, config);return response.data;}
}// 导出单例实例
export const apiService = new ApiService();
知识点讲解:
- 单例模式: 确保全局只有一个API客户端实例
- 拦截器机制: 统一处理请求头添加和错误处理
- TypeScript泛型: 提供类型安全的API调用
- Promise/async-await: 现代JavaScript异步编程
阶段2: 用户认证与登录页面
2.1 实现Spring Security配置
Security配置类
// consumer-api/src/main/java/com/ai/interview/config/SecurityConfig.java
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
public class SecurityConfig {@Autowiredprivate UserDetailsService userDetailsService;@Autowiredprivate JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint;@Autowiredprivate JwtTokenFilter jwtTokenFilter;/*** 密码编码器配置* 知识点: BCrypt是目前最安全的密码加密算法之一* strength=12表示加密强度，数字越大越安全但速度越慢*/@Beanpublic PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {return new BCryptPasswordEncoder(12);}/*** 认证管理器配置* 知识点: AuthenticationManager用于处理用户认证*/@Beanpublic AuthenticationManager authenticationManager(AuthenticationConfiguration config) throws Exception {return config.getAuthenticationManager();}/*** 认证提供者配置* 知识点: DaoAuthenticationProvider使用数据库验证用户*/@Beanpublic DaoAuthenticationProvider authenticationProvider() {DaoAuthenticationProvider authProvider = new DaoAuthenticationProvider();authProvider.setUserDetailsService(userDetailsService);authProvider.setPasswordEncoder(passwordEncoder());return authProvider;}/*** 安全过滤链配置* 知识点: Spring Security 6.x新的配置方式*/@Beanpublic SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http// 禁用CSRF，因为我们使用JWT token.csrf(csrf -> csrf.disable())// 配置CORS.cors(cors -> cors.configurationSource(corsConfigurationSource()))// 配置认证异常处理.exceptionHandling(exceptions -> exceptions.authenticationEntryPoint(jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint))// 配置会话管理为无状态.sessionManagement(session -> session.sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS))// 配置URL访问权限.authorizeHttpRequests(authz -> authz// 公开接口，无需认证.requestMatchers("/api/auth/**").permitAll().requestMatchers("/api/public/**").permitAll().requestMatchers("/swagger-ui/**", "/v3/api-docs/**").permitAll()// 管理员接口.requestMatchers("/api/admin/**").hasRole("ADMIN")// 其他所有接口需要认证.anyRequest().authenticated());// 配置认证提供者http.authenticationProvider(authenticationProvider());// 添加JWT过滤器http.addFilterBefore(jwtTokenFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);return http.build();}/*** CORS配置*/@Beanpublic CorsConfigurationSource corsConfigurationSource() {CorsConfiguration configuration = new CorsConfiguration();configuration.setAllowedOriginPatterns(Arrays.asList("*"));configuration.setAllowedMethods(Arrays.asList("*"));configuration.setAllowedHeaders(Arrays.asList("*"));configuration.setAllowCredentials(true);UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();source.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", configuration);return source;}
}
JWT工具类
// consumer-api/src/main/java/com/ai/interview/util/JwtUtil.java
@Component
public class JwtUtil {// JWT密钥，生产环境应从配置文件读取private String jwtSecret = "aiInterviewSecretKey2024";// token有效期（毫秒）private int jwtExpirationMs = 86400000; // 24小时private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JwtUtil.class);/*** 生成JWT token* 知识点: JWT由三部分组成：header.payload.signature* @param userPrincipal 用户主体信息* @return JWT token字符串*/public String generateJwtToken(UserPrincipal userPrincipal) {return generateTokenFromUsername(userPrincipal.getUsername());}/*** 根据用户名生成token*/public String generateTokenFromUsername(String username) {return Jwts.builder().setSubject(username) // 设置主题（用户名）.setIssuedAt(new Date()) // 设置签发时间.setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + jwtExpirationMs)) // 设置过期时间.signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, jwtSecret) // 使用HS512算法签名.compact();}/*** 从token中获取用户名* 知识点: JWT解析过程，验证签名并提取Claims*/public String getUserNameFromJwtToken(String token) {return Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(jwtSecret).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody().getSubject();}/*** 验证JWT token是否有效* 知识点: JWT验证包括签名验证、过期时间检查等*/public boolean validateJwtToken(String authToken) {try {Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(jwtSecret).parseClaimsJws(authToken);return true;} catch (SignatureException e) {logger.error("Invalid JWT signature: {}", e.getMessage());} catch (MalformedJwtException e) {logger.error("Invalid JWT token: {}", e.getMessage());} catch (ExpiredJwtException e) {logger.error("JWT token is expired: {}", e.getMessage());} catch (UnsupportedJwtException e) {logger.error("JWT token is unsupported: {}", e.getMessage());} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {logger.error("JWT claims string is empty: {}", e.getMessage());}return false;}
}
JWT过滤器
// consumer-api/src/main/java/com/ai/interview/security/JwtTokenFilter.java
@Component
public class JwtTokenFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {@Autowiredprivate JwtUtil jwtUtil;@Autowiredprivate UserDetailsService userDetailsService;private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JwtTokenFilter.class);/*** JWT过滤器核心逻辑* 知识点: 每个请求都会经过这个过滤器进行token验证*/@Overrideprotected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {try {// 从请求头中解析JWT tokenString jwt = parseJwt(request);if (jwt != null && jwtUtil.validateJwtToken(jwt)) {// 从token中获取用户名String username = jwtUtil.getUserNameFromJwtToken(jwt);// 加载用户详情UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);// 创建认证对象UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails, null, userDetails.getAuthorities());authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));// 设置认证信息到安全上下文SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);}} catch (Exception e) {logger.error("Cannot set user authentication: {}", e);}// 继续过滤链filterChain.doFilter(request, response);}/*** 从请求中解析JWT token* 知识点: 支持多种token传递方式*/private String parseJwt(HttpServletRequest request) {// 方式1: 从Authorization header中获取 (Bearer token)String headerAuth = request.getHeader("Authorization");if (StringUtils.hasText(headerAuth) && headerAuth.startsWith("Bearer ")) {return headerAuth.substring(7);}// 方式2: 从自定义header中获取String tokenHeader = request.getHeader("user_token");if (StringUtils.hasText(tokenHeader)) {return tokenHeader;}return null;}
}
2.2 实现用户服务层
用户详情服务
// consumer-api/src/main/java/com/ai/interview/security/UserDetailsServiceImpl.java
@Service
public class UserDetailsServiceImpl implements UserDetailsService {@Autowiredprivate UserRepository userRepository;/*** 根据用户名加载用户详情* 知识点: 这是Spring Security认证的核心方法* 返回的UserDetails对象包含了用户的认证和授权信息*/@Override@Transactionalpublic UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {User user = userRepository.findByUsername(username).orElseThrow(() -> new UsernameNotFoundException("用户不存在: " + username));return UserPrincipal.create(user);}
}/*** 用户主体类，实现Spring Security的UserDetails接口* 知识点: UserDetails是Spring Security用户信息的标准接口*/
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
public class UserPrincipal implements UserDetails {private Long id;private String username;private String email;private String password;private Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities;/*** 从User实体创建UserPrincipal*/public static UserPrincipal create(User user) {List<GrantedAuthority> authorities = Collections.singletonList(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_" + user.getRole().name()));return new UserPrincipal(user.getId(),user.getUsername(),user.getEmail(),user.getPassword(),authorities);}// UserDetails接口实现@Overridepublic boolean isAccountNonExpired() {return true;}@Overridepublic boolean isAccountNonLocked() {return true;}@Overridepublic boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {return true;}@Overridepublic boolean isEnabled() {return true;}
}
用户业务服务
// consumer-api/src/main/java/com/ai/interview/service/UserService.java
@Service
@Transactional
public class UserService {@Autowiredprivate UserRepository userRepository;@Autowiredprivate PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;/*** 用户注册* 知识点: 业务层方法设计，包含验证、加密、保存等步骤*/public User registerUser(UserRegistrationRequest request) {// 1. 验证用户名是否已存在if (userRepository.existsByUsername(request.getUsername())) {throw new BusinessException("用户名已存在");}// 2. 验证邮箱是否已存在if (userRepository.existsByEmail(request.getEmail())) {throw new BusinessException("邮箱已被注册");}// 3. 创建新用户User user = User.builder().username(request.getUsername()).email(request.getEmail()).password(passwordEncoder.encode(request.getPassword())) // 密码加密.role(UserRole.USER).enabled(true).build();// 4. 保存用户return userRepository.save(user);}/*** 用户登录验证*/public User authenticateUser(String username, String password) {User user = userRepository.findByUsername(username).orElseThrow(() -> new BusinessException("用户名或密码错误"));// 验证密码if (!passwordEncoder.matches(password, user.getPassword())) {throw new BusinessException("用户名或密码错误");}if (!user.getEnabled()) {throw new BusinessException("账户已被禁用");}return user;}/*** 根据ID查找用户*/public User findById(Long id) {return userRepository.findById(id).orElseThrow(() -> new BusinessException("用户不存在"));}/*** 更新用户信息*/public User updateUser(Long userId, UserUpdateRequest request) {User user = findById(userId);if (StringUtils.hasText(request.getEmail()) && !user.getEmail().equals(request.getEmail())) {if (userRepository.existsByEmail(request.getEmail())) {throw new BusinessException("邮箱已被注册");}user.setEmail(request.getEmail());}return userRepository.save(user);}/*** 修改密码*/public void changePassword(Long userId, String oldPassword, String newPassword) {User user = findById(userId);// 验证旧密码if (!passwordEncoder.matches(oldPassword, user.getPassword())) {throw new BusinessException("原密码错误");}// 设置新密码user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(newPassword));userRepository.save(user);}
}
2.3 创建认证控制器
认证请求DTO
// consumer-api/src/main/java/com/ai/interview/dto/UserLoginRequest.java
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class UserLoginRequest {@NotBlank(message = "用户名不能为空")@Size(min = 3, max = 50, message = "用户名长度必须在3-50个字符之间")private String username;@NotBlank(message = "密码不能为空")@Size(min = 6, max = 100, message = "密码长度必须在6-100个字符之间")private String password;
}// consumer-api/src/main/java/com/ai/interview/dto/UserRegistrationRequest.java
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class UserRegistrationRequest {@NotBlank(message = "用户名不能为空")@Size(min = 3, max = 50, message = "用户名长度必须在3-50个字符之间")private String username;@NotBlank(message = "邮箱不能为空")@Email(message = "邮箱格式不正确")private String email;@NotBlank(message = "密码不能为空")@Size(min = 6, max = 100, message = "密码长度必须在6-100个字符之间")private String password;@NotBlank(message = "确认密码不能为空")private String confirmPassword;/*** 自定义验证：确认密码必须与密码一致*/@AssertTrue(message = "确认密码与密码不一致")public boolean isPasswordsMatch() {return password != null && password.equals(confirmPassword);}
}
认证响应DTO
// consumer-api/src/main/java/com/ai/interview/dto/JwtResponse.java
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Builder
public class JwtResponse {private String token;private String type = "Bearer";private Long id;private String username;private String email;private String role;public JwtResponse(String accessToken, UserPrincipal userPrincipal) {this.token = accessToken;this.id = userPrincipal.getId();this.username = userPrincipal.getUsername();this.email = userPrincipal.getEmail();// 提取角色信息this.role = userPrincipal.getAuthorities().stream().findFirst().map(GrantedAuthority::getAuthority).orElse("ROLE_USER");}
}
认证控制器
// consumer-api/src/main/java/com/ai/interview/controller/AuthController.java
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
@CrossOrigin(origins = "*", maxAge = 3600)
public class AuthController {@Autowiredprivate AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;@Autowiredprivate UserService userService;@Autowiredprivate JwtUtil jwtUtil;/*** 用户登录接口* 知识点: RESTful API设计，POST方法用于创建session*/@PostMapping("/login")public ResponseEntity<?> authenticateUser(@Valid @RequestBody UserLoginRequest loginRequest) {try {// 1. 执行认证Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(loginRequest.getUsername(),loginRequest.getPassword()));// 2. 认证成功，生成JWT tokenUserPrincipal userPrincipal = (UserPrincipal) authentication.getPrincipal();String jwt = jwtUtil.generateJwtToken(userPrincipal);// 3. 返回认证信息JwtResponse response = new JwtResponse(jwt, userPrincipal);return ResponseEntity.ok(ApiResponse.success(response, "登录成功"));} catch (BadCredentialsException e) {return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(ApiResponse.error("用户名或密码错误"));} catch (Exception e) {return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(ApiResponse.error("登录失败: " + e.getMessage()));}}/*** 用户注册接口*/@PostMapping("/register")public ResponseEntity<?> registerUser(@Valid @RequestBody UserRegistrationRequest signUpRequest) {try {// 1. 注册用户User user = userService.registerUser(signUpRequest);// 2. 自动登录，生成tokenUserPrincipal userPrincipal = UserPrincipal.create(user);String jwt = jwtUtil.generateJwtToken(userPrincipal);// 3. 返回注册成功信息JwtResponse response = new JwtResponse(jwt, userPrincipal);return ResponseEntity.ok(ApiResponse.success(response, "注册成功"));} catch (BusinessException e) {return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(ApiResponse.error(e.getMessage()));} catch (Exception e) {return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(ApiResponse.error("注册失败: " + e.getMessage()));}}/*** 获取当前用户信息*/@GetMapping("/me")@PreAuthorize("hasRole('USER')")public ResponseEntity<?> getCurrentUser(Authentication authentication) {UserPrincipal userPrincipal = (UserPrincipal) authentication.getPrincipal();return ResponseEntity.ok(ApiResponse.success(userPrincipal, "获取用户信息成功"));}/*** 用户登出接口* 知识点: JWT是无状态的，登出只需要客户端删除token*/@PostMapping("/logout")public ResponseEntity<?> logoutUser() {return ResponseEntity.ok(ApiResponse.success(null, "登出成功"));}
}
2.4 创建前端登录页面
登录组件
// frontend/src/components/LoginPage.tsx
import React, { useState } from 'react';
import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';
import { Button, TextField, VerticalLayout, HorizontalLayout,Notification
} from '@vaadin/react-components';
import { authService } from '../services/authService';/*** 登录表单数据接口* 知识点: TypeScript接口定义，提供类型安全*/
interface LoginFormData {username: string;password: string;
}/*** 登录页面组件* 知识点: React函数组件 + Hooks*/
export const LoginPage: React.FC = () => {const navigate = useNavigate();// 表单状态管理const [formData, setFormData] = useState<LoginFormData>({username: '',password: ''});// 加载状态const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);/*** 处理输入框变化* 知识点: 受控组件，状态驱动UI*/const handleInputChange = (field: keyof LoginFormData) => (event: any) => {setFormData(prev => ({...prev,[field]: event.target.value}));};/*** 处理登录提交* 知识点: 异步操作处理，错误处理*/const handleLogin = async () => {// 表单验证if (!formData.username.trim()) {Notification.show('请输入用户名', { theme: 'error' });return;}if (!formData.password) {Notification.show('请输入密码', { theme: 'error' });return;}setLoading(true);try {// 调用认证服务const response = await authService.login(formData);if (response.success) {// 保存token到localStoragelocalStorage.setItem('user_token', response.data.token);localStorage.setItem('user_info', JSON.stringify(response.data));Notification.show('登录成功', { theme: 'success' });// 跳转到主页navigate('/dashboard');} else {Notification.show(response.message || '登录失败', { theme: 'error' });}} catch (error: any) {console.error('登录错误:', error);Notification.show(error.response?.data?.message || '登录失败，请重试', { theme: 'error' });} finally {setLoading(false);}};/*** 处理注册跳转*/const handleRegister = () => {navigate('/register');};return (<VerticalLayout style={{ padding: '2rem', maxWidth: '400px', margin: '2rem auto',boxShadow: '0 4px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.1)',borderRadius: '8px'}}><h2 style={{ textAlign: 'center', marginBottom: '2rem' }}>AI面试系统登录</h2>{/* 用户名输入框 */}<TextFieldlabel="用户名"placeholder="请输入用户名"value={formData.username}onInput={handleInputChange('username')}style={{ width: '100%' }}required/>{/* 密码输入框 */}<TextFieldlabel="密码"type="password"placeholder="请输入密码"value={formData.password}onInput={handleInputChange('password')}style={{ width: '100%' }}required/>{/* 按钮组 */}<HorizontalLayout style={{ width: '100%', gap: '1rem' }}><Buttontheme="primary"onClick={handleLogin}disabled={loading}style={{ flex: 1 }}>{loading ? '登录中...' : '登录'}</Button><Buttontheme="secondary"onClick={handleRegister}style={{ flex: 1 }}>注册</Button></HorizontalLayout></VerticalLayout>);
};
认证服务
// frontend/src/services/authService.ts
import { apiService, ApiResponse } from './api';/*** 登录请求数据接口*/
export interface LoginRequest {username: string;password: string;
}/*** 注册请求数据接口*/
export interface RegisterRequest {username: string;email: string;password: string;confirmPassword: string;
}/*** JWT响应数据接口*/
export interface JwtResponse {token: string;type: string;id: number;username: string;email: string;role: string;
}/*** 用户信息接口*/
export interface UserInfo {id: number;username: string;email: string;role: string;
}/*** 认证服务类* 知识点: 服务层模式，封装认证相关API调用*/
class AuthService {/*** 用户登录* 知识点: async/await异步编程*/async login(loginData: LoginRequest): Promise<ApiResponse<JwtResponse>> {return await apiService.post<JwtResponse>('/auth/login', loginData);}/*** 用户注册*/async register(registerData: RegisterRequest): Promise<ApiResponse<JwtResponse>> {return await apiService.post<JwtResponse>('/auth/register', registerData);}/*** 获取当前用户信息*/async getCurrentUser(): Promise<ApiResponse<UserInfo>> {return await apiService.get<UserInfo>('/auth/me');}/*** 用户登出*/async logout(): Promise<ApiResponse<null>> {const response = await apiService.post<null>('/auth/logout');// 清除本地存储的认证信息localStorage.removeItem('user_token');localStorage.removeItem('user_info');return response;}/*** 检查用户是否已登录* 知识点: 客户端状态检查*/isLoggedIn(): boolean {const token = localStorage.getItem('user_token');return token != null && token.length > 0;}/*** 获取当前用户信息（从本地存储）*/getCurrentUserFromStorage(): UserInfo | null {const userInfoStr = localStorage.getItem('user_info');if (userInfoStr) {try {return JSON.parse(userInfoStr);} catch (error) {console.error('解析用户信息失败:', error);return null;}}return null;}/*** 获取当前用户token*/getToken(): string | null {return localStorage.getItem('user_token');}
}// 导出单例实例
export const authService = new AuthService();
知识点总结:
-
Spring Security架构:
- SecurityFilterChain: 定义安全过滤器链
- AuthenticationManager: 处理认证请求
- UserDetailsService: 加载用户详情
- PasswordEncoder: 密码加密
-
JWT认证流程:
- 用户提交用户名密码
- 后端验证成功后生成JWT token
- 前端存储token，后续请求携带token
- 后端验证token有效性
-
前端状态管理:
- useState Hook管理组件状态
- localStorage存储认证信息
- 受控组件模式处理表单
-
错误处理机制:
- 后端统一异常处理
- 前端try-catch捕获错误
- 用户友好的错误提示
🎯 阶段1-2验收标准
完成以上代码后，您应该能够：
- ✅ 启动Spring Boot后端服务（端口8080）
- ✅ 启动React前端服务（端口3000）
- ✅ 访问登录页面，进行用户注册
- ✅ 使用注册的账号进行登录
- ✅ 登录成功后跳转到主页面
- ✅ 查看浏览器Network面板，确认API调用正常
- ✅ 查看数据库，确认用户数据正确保存
测试步骤:
# 1. 启动后端
cd consumer-api
mvn spring-boot:run# 2. 启动前端
cd frontend
npm run dev# 3. 访问 http://localhost:3000 进行测试
阶段3-4: 后端API开发 + 面试功能实现
阶段3: 面试题库管理系统
3.1 创建题库相关实体类
题目实体类
// consumer-api/src/main/java/com/ai/interview/entity/Question.java
@Entity
@Table(name = "questions")
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Builder
public class Question {@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)private Long id;/*** 题目标题*/@Column(nullable = false, length = 500)private String title;/*** 题目内容描述* 知识点: @Lob注解用于存储大文本内容*/@Lob@Column(nullable = false)private String content;/*** 题目类型*/@Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)@Column(nullable = false)private QuestionType type;/*** 难度级别*/@Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)@Column(nullable = false)private DifficultyLevel difficulty;/*** 技术标签* 知识点: @ElementCollection用于存储集合类型* 自动创建question_tags表存储标签信息*/@ElementCollection@CollectionTable(name = "question_tags", joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "question_id"))@Column(name = "tag")private Set<String> tags = new HashSet<>();/*** 预期答案*/@Lobprivate String expectedAnswer;/*** 代码模板（编程题使用）*/@Lobprivate String codeTemplate;/*** 测试用例（编程题使用）*/@Lobprivate String testCases;/*** 题目状态*/@Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)private QuestionStatus status = QuestionStatus.ACTIVE;/*** 创建者*/@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)@JoinColumn(name = "created_by")private User createdBy;/*** 使用次数统计*/private Integer usageCount = 0;/*** 平均评分*/private Double averageRating = 0.0;@CreationTimestamp@Column(name = "created_at")private LocalDateTime createdAt;@UpdateTimestamp@Column(name = "updated_at")private LocalDateTime updatedAt;
}/*** 题目类型枚举*/
public enum QuestionType {TECHNICAL("技术问题"),BEHAVIORAL("行为问题"),CODING("编程题"),SYSTEM_DESIGN("系统设计"),ALGORITHM("算法题");private final String description;QuestionType(String description) {this.description = description;}public String getDescription() {return description;}
}/*** 难度级别枚举*/
public enum DifficultyLevel {EASY("简单"),MEDIUM("中等"),HARD("困难"),EXPERT("专家级");private final String description;DifficultyLevel(String description) {this.description = description;}public String getDescription() {return description;}
}/*** 题目状态枚举*/
public enum QuestionStatus {ACTIVE("启用"),INACTIVE("禁用"),DRAFT("草稿");private final String description;QuestionStatus(String description) {this.description = description;}public String getDescription() {return description;}
}
面试回答记录实体
// consumer-api/src/main/java/com/ai/interview/entity/InterviewAnswer.java
@Entity
@Table(name = "interview_answers")
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Builder
public class InterviewAnswer {@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)private Long id;/*** 关联的面试会话* 知识点: 多对一关系，一个面试会话包含多个回答*/@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)@JoinColumn(name = "session_id", nullable = false)private InterviewSession session;/*** 关联的题目*/@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)@JoinColumn(name = "question_id", nullable = false)private Question question;/*** 用户的文字回答*/@Lobprivate String textAnswer;/*** 用户的代码回答（编程题）*/@Lobprivate String codeAnswer;/*** 语音回答文件路径*/private String audioFilePath;/*** 语音识别转换的文字*/@Lobprivate String speechToText;/*** 回答开始时间*/@Column(name = "start_time")private LocalDateTime startTime;/*** 回答结束时间*/@Column(name = "end_time")private LocalDateTime endTime;/*** 回答用时（秒）*/private Integer duration;/*** AI评分*/private Integer aiScore;/*** AI评价反馈*/@Lobprivate String aiFeedback;/*** 代码执行结果*/@Lobprivate String codeExecutionResult;/*** 是否通过代码测试*/private Boolean codeTestPassed;@CreationTimestamp@Column(name = "created_at")private LocalDateTime createdAt;
}
3.2 创建题库数据访问层
题目Repository
// consumer-api/src/main/java/com/ai/interview/repository/QuestionRepository.java
@Repository
public interface QuestionRepository extends JpaRepository<Question, Long> {/*** 根据题目类型查找*/List<Question> findByType(QuestionType type);/*** 根据难度级别查找*/List<Question> findByDifficulty(DifficultyLevel difficulty);/*** 根据状态查找*/List<Question> findByStatus(QuestionStatus status);/*** 根据标签查找题目* 知识点: 集合类型的查询，使用MEMBER OF操作符*/@Query("SELECT q FROM Question q WHERE :tag MEMBER OF q.tags")List<Question> findByTag(String tag);/*** 根据多个条件查找题目* 知识点: 复杂条件查询，使用可选参数*/@Query("SELECT q FROM Question q WHERE " +"(:type IS NULL OR q.type = :type) AND " +"(:difficulty IS NULL OR q.difficulty = :difficulty) AND " +"q.status = :status " +"ORDER BY q.createdAt DESC")List<Question> findByConditions(@Param("type") QuestionType type,@Param("difficulty") DifficultyLevel difficulty,@Param("status") QuestionStatus status);/*** 随机获取指定数量的题目* 知识点: 使用原生SQL进行随机查询*/@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM questions WHERE type = ?1 AND status = 'ACTIVE' " +"ORDER BY RANDOM() LIMIT ?2", nativeQuery = true)List<Question> findRandomQuestions(String type, int limit);/*** 根据标题搜索题目*/@Query("SELECT q FROM Question q WHERE q.title LIKE %:keyword% OR q.content LIKE %:keyword%")List<Question> searchByKeyword(@Param("keyword") String keyword);/*** 获取热门题目（根据使用次数排序）*/List<Question> findTop10ByStatusOrderByUsageCountDesc(QuestionStatus status);/*** 统计各类型题目数量* 知识点: 分组统计查询*/@Query("SELECT q.type, COUNT(q) FROM Question q WHERE q.status = 'ACTIVE' GROUP BY q.type")List<Object[]> countByType();
}
面试回答Repository
// consumer-api/src/main/java/com/ai/interview/repository/InterviewAnswerRepository.java
@Repository
public interface InterviewAnswerRepository extends JpaRepository<InterviewAnswer, Long> {/*** 根据面试会话查找所有回答*/List<InterviewAnswer> findBySessionId(Long sessionId);/*** 根据用户查找回答历史*/@Query("SELECT a FROM InterviewAnswer a JOIN a.session s WHERE s.user.id = :userId")List<InterviewAnswer> findByUserId(@Param("userId") Long userId);/*** 根据题目查找所有回答*/List<InterviewAnswer> findByQuestionId(Long questionId);/*** 获取用户对特定题目的最新回答*/@Query("SELECT a FROM InterviewAnswer a JOIN a.session s " +"WHERE s.user.id = :userId AND a.question.id = :questionId " +"ORDER BY a.createdAt DESC")List<InterviewAnswer> findLatestAnswerByUserAndQuestion(@Param("userId") Long userId, @Param("questionId") Long questionId,Pageable pageable);/*** 统计用户回答的题目数量*/@Query("SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT a.question.id) FROM InterviewAnswer a JOIN a.session s " +"WHERE s.user.id = :userId")Long countDistinctQuestionsByUserId(@Param("userId") Long userId);/*** 获取用户平均分数*/@Query("SELECT AVG(a.aiScore) FROM InterviewAnswer a JOIN a.session s " +"WHERE s.user.id = :userId AND a.aiScore IS NOT NULL")Double getAverageScoreByUserId(@Param("userId") Long userId);
}
3.3 实现题库业务服务
题目服务类
// consumer-api/src/main/java/com/ai/interview/service/QuestionService.java
@Service
@Transactional
public class QuestionService {@Autowiredprivate QuestionRepository questionRepository;@Autowiredprivate UserService userService;/*** 创建新题目* 知识点: 业务逻辑封装，包含权限验证和数据验证*/public Question createQuestion(CreateQuestionRequest request, Long creatorId) {// 验证创建者权限User creator = userService.findById(creatorId);if (!creator.getRole().equals(UserRole.ADMIN)) {throw new BusinessException("只有管理员可以创建题目");}// 构建题目对象Question question = Question.builder().title(request.getTitle()).content(request.getContent()).type(request.getType()).difficulty(request.getDifficulty()).tags(new HashSet<>(request.getTags())).expectedAnswer(request.getExpectedAnswer()).codeTemplate(request.getCodeTemplate()).testCases(request.getTestCases()).status(QuestionStatus.ACTIVE).createdBy(creator).usageCount(0).averageRating(0.0).build();return questionRepository.save(question);}/*** 更新题目*/public Question updateQuestion(Long questionId, UpdateQuestionRequest request, Long updaterId) {Question question = findById(questionId);// 权限验证User updater = userService.findById(updaterId);if (!updater.getRole().equals(UserRole.ADMIN) && !question.getCreatedBy().getId().equals(updaterId)) {throw new BusinessException("没有权限修改此题目");}// 更新字段if (StringUtils.hasText(request.getTitle())) {question.setTitle(request.getTitle());}if (StringUtils.hasText(request.getContent())) {question.setContent(request.getContent());}if (request.getType() != null) {question.setType(request.getType());}if (request.getDifficulty() != null) {question.setDifficulty(request.getDifficulty());}if (request.getTags() != null && !request.getTags().isEmpty()) {question.setTags(new HashSet<>(request.getTags()));}if (StringUtils.hasText(request.getExpectedAnswer())) {question.setExpectedAnswer(request.getExpectedAnswer());}if (StringUtils.hasText(request.getCodeTemplate())) {question.setCodeTemplate(request.getCodeTemplate());}if (StringUtils.hasText(request.getTestCases())) {question.setTestCases(request.getTestCases());}if (request.getStatus() != null) {question.setStatus(request.getStatus());}return questionRepository.save(question);}/*** 根据ID查找题目*/public Question findById(Long id) {return questionRepository.findById(id).orElseThrow(() -> new BusinessException("题目不存在"));}/*** 分页查询题目* 知识点: Spring Data分页功能*/public Page<Question> findQuestions(QuestionSearchRequest request, Pageable pageable) {// 这里可以使用Specification进行动态查询// 为简化演示，使用基础的Repository方法if (request.getType() != null) {return questionRepository.findAll((root, query, criteriaBuilder) -> criteriaBuilder.equal(root.get("type"), request.getType()),pageable);}return questionRepository.findAll(pageable);}/*** 根据条件查询题目*/public List<Question> findByConditions(QuestionType type, DifficultyLevel difficulty) {return questionRepository.findByConditions(type, difficulty, QuestionStatus.ACTIVE);}/*** 随机获取面试题目* 知识点: 算法设计，面试题目选择策略*/public List<Question> getRandomQuestionsForInterview(InterviewType interviewType, int count) {// 根据面试类型映射题目类型List<QuestionType> questionTypes = mapInterviewTypeToQuestionTypes(interviewType);List<Question> selectedQuestions = new ArrayList<>();for (QuestionType type : questionTypes) {int questionsPerType = count / questionTypes.size();List<Question> randomQuestions = questionRepository.findRandomQuestions(type.name(), questionsPerType);selectedQuestions.addAll(randomQuestions);}// 如果数量不够，随机补充if (selectedQuestions.size() < count) {int needed = count - selectedQuestions.size();List<Question> additionalQuestions = questionRepository.findRandomQuestions(QuestionType.TECHNICAL.name(), needed);selectedQuestions.addAll(additionalQuestions);}return selectedQuestions.subList(0, Math.min(count, selectedQuestions.size()));}/*** 面试类型到题目类型的映射*/private List<QuestionType> mapInterviewTypeToQuestionTypes(InterviewType interviewType) {switch (interviewType) {case TECHNICAL:return Arrays.asList(QuestionType.TECHNICAL, QuestionType.ALGORITHM);case CODING:return Arrays.asList(QuestionType.CODING, QuestionType.ALGORITHM);case BEHAVIORAL:return Arrays.asList(QuestionType.BEHAVIORAL);default:return Arrays.asList(QuestionType.TECHNICAL);}}/*** 增加题目使用次数*/public void incrementUsageCount(Long questionId) {Question question = findById(questionId);question.setUsageCount(question.getUsageCount() + 1);questionRepository.save(question);}/*** 获取热门题目*/public List<Question> getPopularQuestions() {return questionRepository.findTop10ByStatusOrderByUsageCountDesc(QuestionStatus.ACTIVE);}/*** 根据关键词搜索题目*/public List<Question> searchQuestions(String keyword) {return questionRepository.searchByKeyword(keyword);}/*** 删除题目（软删除）*/public void deleteQuestion(Long questionId, Long deleterId) {Question question = findById(questionId);// 权限验证User deleter = userService.findById(deleterId);if (!deleter.getRole().equals(UserRole.ADMIN) && !question.getCreatedBy().getId().equals(deleterId)) {throw new BusinessException("没有权限删除此题目");}question.setStatus(QuestionStatus.INACTIVE);questionRepository.save(question);}/*** 获取题目统计信息*/public QuestionStatistics getQuestionStatistics() {List<Object[]> typeStats = questionRepository.countByType();QuestionStatistics statistics = new QuestionStatistics();for (Object[] stat : typeStats) {QuestionType type = (QuestionType) stat[0];Long count = (Long) stat[1];statistics.addTypeCount(type, count);}return statistics;}
}
3.4 创建面试会话服务
面试会话服务
// consumer-api/src/main/java/com/ai/interview/service/InterviewSessionService.java
@Service
@Transactional
public class InterviewSessionService {@Autowiredprivate InterviewSessionRepository sessionRepository;@Autowiredprivate QuestionService questionService;@Autowiredprivate UserService userService;/*** 创建面试会话* 知识点: 业务流程设计，面试会话生命周期管理*/public InterviewSession createSession(CreateInterviewSessionRequest request, Long userId) {User user = userService.findById(userId);// 检查是否有正在进行的面试List<InterviewSession> ongoingSessions = sessionRepository.findByUserIdAndStatus(userId, InterviewStatus.IN_PROGRESS);if (!ongoingSessions.isEmpty()) {throw new BusinessException("您有正在进行的面试，请先完成或取消当前面试");}// 创建面试会话InterviewSession session = InterviewSession.builder().user(user).type(request.getType()).status(InterviewStatus.PENDING).build();return sessionRepository.save(session);}/*** 开始面试*/public InterviewSession startInterview(Long sessionId, Long userId) {InterviewSession session = findById(sessionId);// 验证权限if (!session.getUser().getId().equals(userId)) {throw new BusinessException("无权限操作此面试会话");}// 验证状态if (!session.getStatus().equals(InterviewStatus.PENDING)) {throw new BusinessException("面试会话状态不正确");}// 更新状态session.setStatus(InterviewStatus.IN_PROGRESS);session.setStartTime(LocalDateTime.now());return sessionRepository.save(session);}/*** 完成面试*/public InterviewSession completeInterview(Long sessionId, Long userId) {InterviewSession session = findById(sessionId);// 验证权限if (!session.getUser().getId().equals(userId)) {throw new BusinessException("无权限操作此面试会话");}// 验证状态if (!session.getStatus().equals(InterviewStatus.IN_PROGRESS)) {throw new BusinessException("面试会话状态不正确");}// 更新状态session.setStatus(InterviewStatus.COMPLETED);session.setEndTime(LocalDateTime.now());// 计算总体评分（基于所有回答的平均分）Integer totalScore = calculateSessionScore(sessionId);session.setScore(totalScore);return sessionRepository.save(session);}/*** 取消面试*/public InterviewSession cancelInterview(Long sessionId, Long userId) {InterviewSession session = findById(sessionId);// 验证权限if (!session.getUser().getId().equals(userId)) {throw new BusinessException("无权限操作此面试会话");}// 只有未开始或进行中的面试可以取消if (session.getStatus().equals(InterviewStatus.COMPLETED)) {throw new BusinessException("已完成的面试无法取消");}session.setStatus(InterviewStatus.CANCELLED);session.setEndTime(LocalDateTime.now());return sessionRepository.save(session);}/*** 根据ID查找面试会话*/public InterviewSession findById(Long id) {return sessionRepository.findById(id).orElseThrow(() -> new BusinessException("面试会话不存在"));}/*** 获取用户的面试历史*/public List<InterviewSession> getUserInterviewHistory(Long userId) {return sessionRepository.findByUserIdOrderByCreatedAtDesc(userId);}/*** 获取面试会话详情（包含所有回答）*/public InterviewSessionDetail getSessionDetail(Long sessionId, Long userId) {InterviewSession session = findById(sessionId);// 验证权限if (!session.getUser().getId().equals(userId)) {throw new BusinessException("无权限查看此面试会话");}// 构建详情对象InterviewSessionDetail detail = new InterviewSessionDetail();detail.setSession(session);// 获取所有回答List<InterviewAnswer> answers = interviewAnswerRepository.findBySessionId(sessionId);detail.setAnswers(answers);return detail;}/*** 计算面试会话总分* 知识点: 算法设计，评分逻辑*/private Integer calculateSessionScore(Long sessionId) {List<InterviewAnswer> answers = interviewAnswerRepository.findBySessionId(sessionId);if (answers.isEmpty()) {return 0;}// 计算有效评分的平均值List<Integer> validScores = answers.stream().filter(answer -> answer.getAiScore() != null).map(InterviewAnswer::getAiScore).collect(Collectors.toList());if (validScores.isEmpty()) {return 0;}double average = validScores.stream().mapToInt(Integer::intValue).average().orElse(0.0);return (int) Math.round(average);}/*** 获取面试会话统计信息*/public InterviewSessionStatistics getSessionStatistics(Long userId) {List<InterviewSession> sessions = getUserInterviewHistory(userId);InterviewSessionStatistics stats = new InterviewSessionStatistics();stats.setTotalSessions(sessions.size());long completedSessions = sessions.stream().filter(s -> s.getStatus().equals(InterviewStatus.COMPLETED)).count();stats.setCompletedSessions((int) completedSessions);// 计算平均分double averageScore = sessions.stream().filter(s -> s.getScore() != null).mapToInt(InterviewSession::getScore).average().orElse(0.0);stats.setAverageScore(averageScore);return stats;}
}
3.5 创建题库管理控制器
题目管理控制器
// consumer-api/src/main/java/com/ai/interview/controller/QuestionController.java
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/questions")
@CrossOrigin(origins = "*", maxAge = 3600)
public class QuestionController {@Autowiredprivate QuestionService questionService;/*** 创建题目* 知识点: RESTful API设计，POST方法用于创建资源*/@PostMapping@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")public ResponseEntity<?> createQuestion(@Valid @RequestBody CreateQuestionRequest request,Authentication authentication) {try {UserPrincipal userPrincipal = (UserPrincipal) authentication.getPrincipal();Question question = questionService.createQuestion(request, userPrincipal.getId());return ResponseEntity.ok(ApiResponse.success(question, "题目创建成功"));} catch (BusinessException e) {return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(ApiResponse.error(e.getMessage()));} catch (Exception e) {return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(ApiResponse.error("创建题目失败: " + e.getMessage()));}}/*** 获取题目列表*/@GetMappingpublic ResponseEntity<?> getQuestions(@RequestParam(required = false) QuestionType type,@RequestParam(required = false) DifficultyLevel difficulty,@RequestParam(defaultValue = "0") int page,@RequestParam(defaultValue = "10") int size,@RequestParam(defaultValue = "createdAt") String sortBy,@RequestParam(defaultValue = "desc") String sortDir) {try {// 创建分页参数Sort.Direction direction = sortDir.equalsIgnoreCase("desc") ? Sort.Direction.DESC : Sort.Direction.ASC;Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(page, size, Sort.by(direction, sortBy));// 创建查询条件QuestionSearchRequest searchRequest = new QuestionSearchRequest();searchRequest.setType(type);searchRequest.setDifficulty(difficulty);Page<Question> questions = questionService.findQuestions(searchRequest, pageable);return ResponseEntity.ok(ApiResponse.success(questions, "获取题目列表成功"));} catch (Exception e) {return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(ApiResponse.error("获取题目列表失败: " + e.getMessage()));}}/*** 根据ID获取题目详情*/@GetMapping("/{id}")public ResponseEntity<?> getQuestionById(@PathVariable Long id) {try {Question question = questionService.findById(id);return ResponseEntity.ok(ApiResponse.success(question, "获取题目详情成功"));} catch (BusinessException e) {return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(ApiResponse.error(e.getMessage()));} catch (Exception e) {return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(ApiResponse.error("获取题目详情失败: " + e.getMessage()));}}/*** 更新题目*/@PutMapping("/{id}")@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")public ResponseEntity<?> updateQuestion(@PathVariable Long id,@Valid @RequestBody UpdateQuestionRequest request,Authentication authentication) {try {UserPrincipal userPrincipal = (UserPrincipal) authentication.getPrincipal();Question question = questionService.updateQuestion(id, request, userPrincipal.getId());return ResponseEntity.ok(ApiResponse.success(question, "题目更新成功"));} catch (BusinessException e) {return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(ApiResponse.error(e.getMessage()));} catch (Exception e) {return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(ApiResponse.error("更新题目失败: " + e.getMessage()));}}/*** 删除题目*/@DeleteMapping("/{id}")@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")public ResponseEntity<?> deleteQuestion(@PathVariable Long id,Authentication authentication) {try {UserPrincipal userPrincipal = (UserPrincipal) authentication.getPrincipal();questionService.deleteQuestion(id, userPrincipal.getId());return ResponseEntity.ok(ApiResponse.success(null, "题目删除成功"));} catch (BusinessException e) {return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(ApiResponse.error(e.getMessage()));} catch (Exception e) {return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(ApiResponse.error("删除题目失败: " + e.getMessage()));}}/*** 搜索题目*/@GetMapping("/search")public ResponseEntity<?> searchQuestions(@RequestParam String keyword) {try {List<Question> questions = questionService.searchQuestions(keyword);return ResponseEntity.ok(ApiResponse.success(questions, "搜索成功"));} catch (Exception e) {return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(ApiResponse.error("搜索失败: " + e.getMessage()));}}/*** 获取热门题目*/@GetMapping("/popular")public ResponseEntity<?> getPopularQuestions() {try {List<Question> questions = questionService.getPopularQuestions();return ResponseEntity.ok(ApiResponse.success(questions, "获取热门题目成功"));} catch (Exception e) {return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(ApiResponse.error("获取热门题目失败: " + e.getMessage()));}}/*** 获取随机面试题目*/@GetMapping("/random")public ResponseEntity<?> getRandomQuestions(@RequestParam InterviewType interviewType,@RequestParam(defaultValue = "5") int count) {try {List<Question> questions = questionService.getRandomQuestionsForInterview(interviewType, count);return ResponseEntity.ok(ApiResponse.success(questions, "获取随机题目成功"));} catch (Exception e) {return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(ApiResponse.error("获取随机题目失败: " + e.getMessage()));}}/*** 获取题目统计信息*/@GetMapping("/statistics")@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")public ResponseEntity<?> getQuestionStatistics() {try {QuestionStatistics statistics = questionService.getQuestionStatistics();return ResponseEntity.ok(ApiResponse.success(statistics, "获取统计信息成功"));} catch (Exception e) {return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(ApiResponse.error("获取统计信息失败: " + e.getMessage()));}}
}
🎯 阶段3验收标准
完成以上代码后，您应该能够：
- ✅ 管理员可以创建、编辑、删除题目
- ✅ 题目支持多种类型：技术、行为、编程、算法等
- ✅ 题目具有难度级别和标签分类
- ✅ 支持题目搜索和分页查询
- ✅ 可以随机获取面试题目
- ✅ 数据库正确存储题目和关联数据
测试API:
# 创建题目 (需要管理员权限)
curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/questions \-H "Content-Type: application/json" \-H "user_token: YOUR_ADMIN_TOKEN" \-d '{"title": "什么是Spring Boot？","content": "请详细介绍Spring Boot的核心特性和优势","type": "TECHNICAL","difficulty": "MEDIUM","tags": ["Spring", "Java", "后端"],"expectedAnswer": "Spring Boot是..."}'# 获取题目列表
curl -X GET "http://localhost:8080/api/questions?page=0&size=10"# 获取随机面试题目
curl -X GET "http://localhost:8080/api/questions/random?interviewType=TECHNICAL&count=5"
阶段4: 面试功能实现
阶段4: 面试功能实现
4.1 创建面试会话控制器
面试会话控制器
// consumer-api/src/main/java/com/ai/interview/controller/InterviewController.java
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/interviews")
@CrossOrigin(origins = "*", maxAge = 3600)
public class InterviewController {@Autowiredprivate InterviewSessionService sessionService;@Autowiredprivate InterviewAnswerService answerService;/*** 创建面试会话*/@PostMapping("/sessions")@PreAuthorize("hasRole('USER')")public ResponseEntity<?> createInterviewSession(@Valid @RequestBody CreateInterviewSessionRequest request,Authentication authentication) {try {UserPrincipal userPrincipal = (UserPrincipal) authentication.getPrincipal();InterviewSession session = sessionService.createSession(request, userPrincipal.getId());return ResponseEntity.ok(ApiResponse.success(session, "面试会话创建成功"));} catch (BusinessException e) {return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(ApiResponse.error(e.getMessage()));} catch (Exception e) {return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(ApiResponse.error("创建面试会话失败: " + e.getMessage()));}}/*** 开始面试*/@PostMapping("/sessions/{sessionId}/start")@PreAuthorize("hasRole('USER')")public ResponseEntity<?> startInterview(@PathVariable Long sessionId,Authentication authentication) {try {UserPrincipal userPrincipal = (UserPrincipal) authentication.getPrincipal();InterviewSession session = sessionService.startInterview(sessionId, userPrincipal.getId());return ResponseEntity.ok(ApiResponse.success(session, "面试开始"));} catch (BusinessException e) {return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(ApiResponse.error(e.getMessage()));} catch (Exception e) {return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(ApiResponse.error("开始面试失败: " + e.getMessage()));}}/*** 获取面试题目*/@GetMapping("/sessions/{sessionId}/questions")@PreAuthorize("hasRole('USER')")public ResponseEntity<?> getInterviewQuestions(@PathVariable Long sessionId,Authentication authentication) {try {UserPrincipal userPrincipal = (UserPrincipal) authentication.getPrincipal();List<Question> questions = sessionService.getInterviewQuestions(sessionId, userPrincipal.getId());return ResponseEntity.ok(ApiResponse.success(questions, "获取面试题目成功"));} catch (BusinessException e) {return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(ApiResponse.error(e.getMessage()));} catch (Exception e) {return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(ApiResponse.error("获取面试题目失败: " + e.getMessage()));}}/*** 提交回答*/@PostMapping("/answers")@PreAuthorize("hasRole('USER')")public ResponseEntity<?> submitAnswer(@Valid @RequestBody SubmitAnswerRequest request,Authentication authentication) {try {UserPrincipal userPrincipal = (UserPrincipal) authentication.getPrincipal();InterviewAnswer answer = answerService.submitAnswer(request, userPrincipal.getId());return ResponseEntity.ok(ApiResponse.success(answer, "回答提交成功"));} catch (BusinessException e) {return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(ApiResponse.error(e.getMessage()));} catch (Exception e) {return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(ApiResponse.error("提交回答失败: " + e.getMessage()));}}/*** 完成面试*/@PostMapping("/sessions/{sessionId}/complete")@PreAuthorize("hasRole('USER')")public ResponseEntity<?> completeInterview(@PathVariable Long sessionId,Authentication authentication) {try {UserPrincipal userPrincipal = (UserPrincipal) authentication.getPrincipal();InterviewSession session = sessionService.completeInterview(sessionId, userPrincipal.getId());return ResponseEntity.ok(ApiResponse.success(session, "面试完成"));} catch (BusinessException e) {return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(ApiResponse.error(e.getMessage()));} catch (Exception e) {return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(ApiResponse.error("完成面试失败: " + e.getMessage()));}}/*** 获取面试历史*/@GetMapping("/history")@PreAuthorize("hasRole('USER')")public ResponseEntity<?> getInterviewHistory(Authentication authentication) {try {UserPrincipal userPrincipal = (UserPrincipal) authentication.getPrincipal();List<InterviewSession> history = sessionService.getUserInterviewHistory(userPrincipal.getId());return ResponseEntity.ok(ApiResponse.success(history, "获取面试历史成功"));} catch (Exception e) {return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(ApiResponse.error("获取面试历史失败: " + e.getMessage()));}}/*** 获取面试详情*/@GetMapping("/sessions/{sessionId}")@PreAuthorize("hasRole('USER')")public ResponseEntity<?> getInterviewDetail(@PathVariable Long sessionId,Authentication authentication) {try {UserPrincipal userPrincipal = (UserPrincipal) authentication.getPrincipal();InterviewSessionDetail detail = sessionService.getSessionDetail(sessionId, userPrincipal.getId());return ResponseEntity.ok(ApiResponse.success(detail, "获取面试详情成功"));} catch (BusinessException e) {return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(ApiResponse.error(e.getMessage()));} catch (Exception e) {return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(ApiResponse.error("获取面试详情失败: " + e.getMessage()));}}
}
4.2 创建前端面试页面
面试页面主组件
// frontend/src/components/InterviewPage.tsx
import React, { useState, useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
import { useParams, useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';
import {Button,VerticalLayout,HorizontalLayout,TextArea,Notification,ProgressBar,Dialog
} from '@vaadin/react-components';
import { VideoChat } from './VideoChat';
import { CodeEditor } from './CodeEditor';
import { interviewService } from '../services/interviewService';/*** 面试页面组件* 知识点: 复杂状态管理，组件间通信*/
export const InterviewPage: React.FC = () => {const { sessionId } = useParams<{ sessionId: string }>();const navigate = useNavigate();// 面试状态const [session, setSession] = useState<any>(null);const [questions, setQuestions] = useState<any[]>([]);const [currentQuestionIndex, setCurrentQuestionIndex] = useState(0);const [answers, setAnswers] = useState<{ [key: number]: string }>({});
阶段6: 系统部署与上线
6.1 Docker容器化部署
后端Dockerfile
# consumer-api/Dockerfile
FROM openjdk:17-jdk-slim# 设置工作目录
WORKDIR /app# 复制Maven包装器和pom.xml
COPY mvnw .
COPY .mvn .mvn
COPY pom.xml .# 下载依赖（利用Docker缓存）
RUN ./mvnw dependency:go-offline -B# 复制源代码
COPY src src# 构建应用
RUN ./mvnw clean package -DskipTests# 运行应用
EXPOSE 8080
CMD ["java", "-jar", "target/consumer-api-1.0.0.jar"]
前端Dockerfile
# frontend/Dockerfile
FROM node:18-alpine AS builderWORKDIR /app# 复制package文件
COPY package*.json ./# 安装依赖
RUN npm ci --only=production# 复制源代码
COPY . .# 构建前端
RUN npm run build# 生产环境镜像
FROM nginx:alpine# 复制构建结果到nginx
COPY --from=builder /app/dist /usr/share/nginx/html# 复制nginx配置
COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.confEXPOSE 80CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
Nginx配置
# frontend/nginx.conf
events {worker_connections 1024;
}http {include /etc/nginx/mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;# 压缩配置gzip on;gzip_vary on;gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;server {listen 80;server_name localhost;# 前端静态文件location / {root /usr/share/nginx/html;index index.html index.htm;try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;}# API代理location /api/ {proxy_pass http://backend:8080/api/;proxy_set_header Host $host;proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;}# WebSocket支持location /ws/ {proxy_pass http://backend:8080/ws/;proxy_http_version 1.1;proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";proxy_set_header Host $host;proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;}}
}
Docker Compose配置
# docker-compose.yml
version: '3.8'services:# PostgreSQL数据库database:image: pgvector/pgvector:pg16container_name: ai-interview-dbenvironment:POSTGRES_DB: ai_interviewPOSTGRES_USER: postgresPOSTGRES_PASSWORD: passwordports:- "5432:5432"volumes:- postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data- ./database/init.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sqlnetworks:- ai-interview-network# Redis缓存redis:image: redis:7-alpinecontainer_name: ai-interview-redisports:- "6379:6379"volumes:- redis_data:/datanetworks:- ai-interview-network# 后端服务backend:build: ./consumer-apicontainer_name: ai-interview-backendenvironment:SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE: dockerSPRING_DATASOURCE_URL: jdbc:postgresql://database:5432/ai_interviewSPRING_DATASOURCE_USERNAME: postgresSPRING_DATASOURCE_PASSWORD: passwordSPRING_REDIS_HOST: redisALIBABA_AI_API_KEY: ${ALIBABA_AI_API_KEY}ports:- "8080:8080"depends_on:- database- redisnetworks:- ai-interview-networkvolumes:- ./logs:/app/logs- ./uploads:/app/uploads# 前端服务frontend:build: ./frontendcontainer_name: ai-interview-frontendports:- "80:80"depends_on:- backendnetworks:- ai-interview-networkvolumes:postgres_data:redis_data:networks:ai-interview-network:driver: bridge
环境配置文件
# .env
# 数据库配置
POSTGRES_DB=ai_interview
POSTGRES_USER=postgres
POSTGRES_PASSWORD=your_secure_password# AI服务配置
ALIBABA_AI_API_KEY=your_alibaba_ai_api_key# Redis配置
REDIS_PASSWORD=your_redis_password# 应用配置
SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=production
6.2 生产环境配置
生产环境Spring配置
# consumer-api/src/main/resources/application-production.yml
server:port: 8080servlet:context-path: /apispring:profiles:active: production# 数据源配置datasource:url: jdbc:postgresql://${DB_HOST:localhost}:${DB_PORT:5432}/${DB_NAME:ai_interview}username: ${DB_USERNAME:postgres}password: ${DB_PASSWORD:password}driver-class-name: org.postgresql.Driverhikari:maximum-pool-size: 20minimum-idle: 5connection-timeout: 30000idle-timeout: 600000max-lifetime: 1800000# JPA配置jpa:hibernate:ddl-auto: validate # 生产环境使用validateshow-sql: false # 生产环境关闭SQL日志properties:hibernate:dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialectformat_sql: false# Redis配置redis:host: ${REDIS_HOST:localhost}port: ${REDIS_PORT:6379}password: ${REDIS_PASSWORD:}timeout: 3000mslettuce:pool:max-active: 20max-idle: 10min-idle: 5# AI配置ai:alibaba:api-key: ${ALIBABA_AI_API_KEY}# 日志配置
logging:level:root: INFOcom.ai.interview: INFOorg.springframework.security: WARNfile:name: logs/ai-interview.logpattern:file: "%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"# 管理端点配置
management:endpoints:web:exposure:include: health,info,metrics,prometheusendpoint:health:show-details: when-authorizedmetrics:export:prometheus:enabled: true
数据库初始化脚本
-- database/init.sql
-- 创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE ai_interview;-- 切换到ai_interview数据库
\c ai_interview;-- 启用向量扩展（用于AI嵌入）
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS vector;-- 创建用户表
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,username VARCHAR(50) UNIQUE NOT NULL,password VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,email VARCHAR(255) UNIQUE NOT NULL,role VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'USER',enabled BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT true,created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);-- 创建题目表
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS questions (id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,title VARCHAR(500) NOT NULL,content TEXT NOT NULL,type VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,difficulty VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,expected_answer TEXT,code_template TEXT,test_cases TEXT,status VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'ACTIVE',created_by BIGINT REFERENCES users(id),usage_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0,average_rating DECIMAL(3,2) DEFAULT 0.0,created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);-- 创建题目标签表
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS question_tags (question_id BIGINT REFERENCES questions(id),tag VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (question_id, tag)
);-- 创建面试会话表
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS interview_sessions (id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,user_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id),type VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,status VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'PENDING',start_time TIMESTAMP,end_time TIMESTAMP,score INTEGER,feedback TEXT,created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);-- 创建面试回答表
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS interview_answers (id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,session_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES interview_sessions(id),question_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES questions(id),text_answer TEXT,code_answer TEXT,audio_file_path VARCHAR(500),speech_to_text TEXT,start_time TIMESTAMP,end_time TIMESTAMP,duration INTEGER,ai_score INTEGER,ai_feedback TEXT,code_execution_result TEXT,code_test_passed BOOLEAN,created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);-- 插入默认管理员用户
INSERT INTO users (username, password, email, role) VALUES
('admin', '$2a$12$LQv3c1yqBWVHxkd0LHAkCOYz6TtxMQJqhN8/LewtnKDj8.7/2k9iS', 'admin@ai-interview.com', 'ADMIN')
ON CONFLICT (username) DO NOTHING;-- 插入示例题目
INSERT INTO questions (title, content, type, difficulty, expected_answer, created_by) VALUES
('什么是Spring Boot？', '请详细介绍Spring Boot的核心特性和优势，以及它与传统Spring框架的区别。', 'TECHNICAL', 'MEDIUM',
'Spring Boot是基于Spring框架的快速应用开发框架...', 1),
('实现单例模式', '请用Java实现一个线程安全的单例模式，并解释为什么这样设计。', 'CODING', 'MEDIUM',
'可以使用双重检查锁定、静态内部类等方式实现...', 1),
('介绍一次你遇到的技术挑战', '请描述一次你在项目中遇到的技术难题，以及你是如何解决的。', 'BEHAVIORAL', 'EASY',
'候选人应该描述具体的技术问题、解决方案和学到的经验...', 1)
ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING;-- 创建索引优化查询性能
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_users_username ON users(username);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_users_email ON users(email);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_questions_type ON questions(type);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_questions_difficulty ON questions(difficulty);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_questions_status ON questions(status);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_interview_sessions_user_id ON interview_sessions(user_id);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_interview_sessions_status ON interview_sessions(status);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_interview_answers_session_id ON interview_answers(session_id);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_interview_answers_question_id ON interview_answers(question_id);
6.3 部署脚本
部署脚本
#!/bin/bash
# deploy.shset -eecho "🚀 开始部署AI面试系统..."# 检查环境变量
if [ -z "$ALIBABA_AI_API_KEY" ]; thenecho "❌ 错误: 请设置ALIBABA_AI_API_KEY环境变量"exit 1
fi# 创建必要的目录
echo "📁 创建目录结构..."
mkdir -p logs uploads database# 停止现有服务
echo "🛑 停止现有服务..."
docker-compose down# 清理旧镜像
echo "🧹 清理旧镜像..."
docker system prune -f# 构建并启动服务
echo "🔨 构建并启动服务..."
docker-compose up --build -d# 等待服务启动
echo "⏳ 等待服务启动..."
sleep 30# 健康检查
echo "🔍 执行健康检查..."
backend_health=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" http://localhost:8080/api/actuator/health || echo "000")
frontend_health=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" http://localhost:80 || echo "000")if [ "$backend_health" = "200" ] && [ "$frontend_health" = "200" ]; thenecho "✅ 部署成功！"echo "🌐 前端地址: http://localhost"echo "🔧 后端API: http://localhost:8080/api"echo "📊 监控地址: http://localhost:8080/api/actuator"
elseecho "❌ 部署失败！"echo "后端状态: $backend_health"echo "前端状态: $frontend_health"echo "查看日志: docker-compose logs"exit 1
fiecho "🎉 AI面试系统部署完成！"
监控脚本
#!/bin/bash
# monitor.shecho "📊 AI面试系统监控报告"
echo "========================"# 检查容器状态
echo "🐳 容器状态:"
docker-compose psecho ""# 检查系统资源
echo "💻 系统资源:"
echo "CPU使用率: $(top -bn1 | grep "Cpu(s)" | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d'%' -f1)%"
echo "内存使用率: $(free | grep Mem | awk '{printf("%.2f%%", $3/$2 * 100.0)}')"
echo "磁盘使用率: $(df -h / | awk 'NR==2{print $5}')"echo ""# 检查服务健康状态
echo "🏥 服务健康状态:"
backend_status=$(curl -s http://localhost:8080/api/actuator/health | jq -r '.status' 2>/dev/null || echo "DOWN")
echo "后端服务: $backend_status"frontend_status=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" http://localhost:80)
if [ "$frontend_status" = "200" ]; thenecho "前端服务: UP"
elseecho "前端服务: DOWN"
fiecho ""# 检查数据库连接
echo "🗄️ 数据库状态:"
db_status=$(docker exec ai-interview-db pg_isready -U postgres 2>/dev/null && echo "UP" || echo "DOWN")
echo "PostgreSQL: $db_status"redis_status=$(docker exec ai-interview-redis redis-cli ping 2>/dev/null || echo "DOWN")
echo "Redis: $redis_status"echo ""# 显示最近的错误日志
echo "📝 最近的错误日志:"
docker-compose logs --tail=10 --no-color | grep -i error || echo "无错误日志"
6.4 运维管理
备份脚本
#!/bin/bash
# backup.shBACKUP_DIR="/backup/ai-interview"
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)echo "🔄 开始备份AI面试系统数据..."# 创建备份目录
mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR# 备份数据库
echo "📀 备份数据库..."
docker exec ai-interview-db pg_dump -U postgres ai_interview | gzip > $BACKUP_DIR/database_$DATE.sql.gz# 备份上传文件
echo "📁 备份上传文件..."
tar -czf $BACKUP_DIR/uploads_$DATE.tar.gz uploads/# 备份配置文件
echo "⚙️ 备份配置文件..."
tar -czf $BACKUP_DIR/config_$DATE.tar.gz docker-compose.yml .env# 清理旧备份（保留7天）
echo "🧹 清理旧备份..."
find $BACKUP_DIR -name "*.gz" -mtime +7 -deleteecho "✅ 备份完成！"
echo "备份位置: $BACKUP_DIR"
日志管理脚本
#!/bin/bash
# log-management.shLOG_DIR="./logs"
MAX_SIZE="100M"
RETENTION_DAYS=30echo "📋 日志管理任务开始..."# 检查日志大小并轮转
if [ -f "$LOG_DIR/ai-interview.log" ]; thensize=$(du -h "$LOG_DIR/ai-interview.log" | cut -f1)echo "当前日志大小: $size"# 如果日志文件大于100M，进行轮转if [ $(du -m "$LOG_DIR/ai-interview.log" | cut -f1) -gt 100 ]; thentimestamp=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)mv "$LOG_DIR/ai-interview.log" "$LOG_DIR/ai-interview_$timestamp.log"echo "日志已轮转: ai-interview_$timestamp.log"fi
fi# 清理旧日志文件
echo "🧹 清理超过 $RETENTION_DAYS 天的日志文件..."
find $LOG_DIR -name "*.log" -mtime +$RETENTION_DAYS -delete# 压缩7天前的日志文件
find $LOG_DIR -name "*.log" -mtime +7 ! -name "ai-interview.log" -exec gzip {} \;echo "✅ 日志管理完成！"
🎯 最终验收与测试
完整系统测试清单
功能测试
- ✅ 用户注册登录功能
- ✅ 题库管理（增删改查）
- ✅ 面试会话创建和管理
- ✅ 面试进行（题目展示、回答提交）
- ✅ 视频通话功能
- ✅ 语音录制和播放
- ✅ 代码编辑器功能
- ✅ AI自动评估
- ✅ 面试结果查看
- ✅ 面试历史记录
性能测试
- ✅ 并发用户测试（100+用户同时在线）
- ✅ 数据库查询性能（复杂查询<100ms）
- ✅ AI服务响应时间（<5秒）
- ✅ 文件上传下载性能
- ✅ 前端页面加载速度（<3秒）
安全测试
- ✅ JWT Token安全验证
- ✅ SQL注入防护
- ✅ XSS攻击防护
- ✅ CSRF攻击防护
- ✅ 敏感数据加密存储
兼容性测试
- ✅ Chrome浏览器支持
- ✅ Firefox浏览器支持
- ✅ Safari浏览器支持
- ✅ 移动端响应式布局
- ✅ 不同网络环境适配
部署验收
- ✅ Docker容器正常运行
- ✅ 数据库连接正常
- ✅ 缓存服务正常
- ✅ 监控指标正常
- ✅ 日志记录完整
- ✅ 备份恢复功能
🎉 项目总结
技术栈汇总
后端技术栈:
├── Spring Boot 3.x # 主框架
├── Spring Security 6.x # 安全框架
├── Spring Data JPA # 数据访问
├── PostgreSQL + Vector # 数据库
├── Redis # 缓存
├── Spring AI Alibaba # AI集成
└── Docker # 容器化前端技术栈:
├── React 18 # 前端框架
├── TypeScript # 类型安全
├── Vite # 构建工具
├── Vaadin Components # UI组件库
├── WebRTC # 视频通话
└── MediaRecorder API # 语音录制
核心功能模块
- 用户认证系统 - JWT Token认证，角色权限控制
- 题库管理系统 - 题目CRUD，分类标签，智能推荐
- 面试引擎 - 会话管理，题目分发，答案收集
- 实时通信 - WebRTC视频，WebSocket消息
- AI评估引擎 - 自然语言处理，代码分析，智能评分
- 数据分析 - 面试统计，性能报表，趋势分析
学习收获
通过本项目，您将掌握：
-
全栈开发技能
- Spring Boot现代化开发
- React Hooks和函数组件
- TypeScript类型系统
- RESTful API设计
-
AI技术集成
- 大模型API调用
- Prompt工程技巧
- 向量数据库应用
- 智能评估算法
-
实时通信技术
- WebRTC点对点通信
- WebSocket实时消息
- 媒体流处理
- 音视频编解码
-
系统架构设计
- 微服务架构思想
- 数据库设计优化
- 缓存策略应用
- 安全防护体系
-
DevOps实践
- Docker容器化
- CI/CD流水线
- 监控告警系统
- 自动化运维
扩展方向
项目可以继续扩展的方向：
-
AI能力增强
- 多模态AI分析（表情识别、语调分析）
- 个性化推荐算法
- 智能题目生成
- 语音合成面试官
-
功能完善
- 移动端APP开发
- 直播面试功能
- 团队协作面试
- 面试数据分析报表
-
性能优化
- CDN加速部署
- 数据库读写分离
- 微服务架构拆分
- 负载均衡优化
-
商业化功能
- 企业版权限管理
- 付费增值服务
- API开放平台
- 第三方系统集成
恭喜您完成了AI面试系统的完整开发！
这个项目涵盖了现代软件开发的各个方面，从前端交互到后端架构，从AI集成到系统部署，是一个完整的企业级应用开发实践。
通过循序渐进的学习，您不仅掌握了技术实现，更重要的是理解了系统设计的思想和工程化开发的流程。
继续保持学习的热情，在实践中不断提升技术能力！ 🚀
源码地址