Flask集成Selenium实现网页截图

先看效果

程序实现的功能为：截取目标网址对应的页面，并将截取后的页面图片返回到用户端，用户可自由保存该截图。

支持的url参数如下：

url：目标网址（必填项），字符串类型，如：https://www.baidu.com

w：截图宽度（选填项），默认为浏览器的可视窗口宽度，数值类型

h：截图高度（选填项），默认为浏览器的可视窗口高度（包含滚动区域），数值类型

p：截取的屏幕数量，默认为全部（选填项），数值类型

offset：最后一屏的偏差高度，默认为 0（选填项），数值类型

headless：是否打开浏览器，默认为 静默运行（选填项），两者的区别如下：

显式运行：截图更精确，但占用的系统资源相对多一点。

静默运行：在截图精度上有一点丢失（肉眼几乎看不出），但占用更少的系统资源。

最简请求示例：

以静默状态截取百度首页

http://127.0.0.1:8181/?url=https://www.baidu.com

完整请求示例：

以显式状态按指定的宽高截取百度首页

http://127.0.0.1:8181/?url=https://www.baidu.com&w=800&h=500&p=1&offset=0&headless=0

实现代码

import io
import os
import time
import logging
from uuid import uuid4
from PIL import Image
from screeninfo import get_monitors
from flask import Flask, request, send_file
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service# 网页截图存储目录
image_folder = "static"app = Flask(__name__)# 禁止控制台输出请求信息
logging.getLogger('werkzeug').disabled = True
# 设置总的日志输出级别
app.logger.setLevel(logging.ERROR)# 404错误处理
@app.errorhandler(404)
def page_not_found(e):# 直接返回字符串return "您请求的资源不存在！", 404# 500错误处理
@app.errorhandler(500)
def internal_error(e):return "服务器内部错误！", 500# 捕获所有未处理异常
@app.errorhandler(Exception)
def handle_exception(e):return "发生错误，请稍后再试！", [e-mail]('/')
def process_request():url = request.args.get('url')if not url:return '无效的请求参数！'args = request.args# 截取的屏数，默认为全部pages = int(args.get('p', 0))# 最后一屏的偏差高度offset_height = int(args.get('offset', 0))# 默认使用无头模式，headless=0 表示使用有头模式headless = args.get('headless')# 捕获网页截图img_file = init(url, pages, offset_height, headless)if img_file is None:return '网页截取失败！'# 调整图片尺寸img = Image.open(img_file)(width, height) = get_image_size(img, args.get('w'), args.get('h'))# 高质量抗锯齿img = img.resize((width, height), Image.Resampling.LANCZOS)# 转换为字节流返回img_io = io.BytesIO()img.save(img_io, 'PNG')img_io.seek(0)return send_file(img_io, mimetype='image/png')def init(url, pages=0, offset_height=0, headless=None):chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()# 截图时建议关闭无头模式if headless is None:chrome_options.add_argument('--headless=new')chrome_options.add_argument('log-level=3')chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-infobars')chrome_options.add_argument('--ignore-certificate-errors')chrome_options.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['enable-logging', 'enable-automation'])service = Service()service.path = 'ChromeV123/chromedriver.exe'chrome_options.binary_location = 'ChromeV123/chrome-win64/chrome.exe'driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=chrome_options, service=service)if headless is None:# 无头模式需要设置窗口尺寸set_window_size(driver)else:driver.maximize_window()try:driver.get(url)time.sleep(2)file_name = capture_full_page(driver, pages, offset_height)finally:driver.quit()return file_name# 设置浏览器窗口宽高
def set_window_size(driver):primary_monitor = get_monitors()[0]width = primary_monitor.width + 16height = primary_monitor.height - 31driver.set_window_size(width, height)'''
截取整个网页，包含滚动部分，保存路径为当前项目的{image_folder}/screenshot目录下
pages 截取的屏数，默认为全部
offset_height 偏差纠正，处理最后一屏的特殊参数，需传入合适的数值（注意：无头模式和界面模式该参数值可能是不同的）
'''
def capture_full_page(driver, pages=0, offset_height=0):file_name = Nonetry:date = time.strftime("%Y%m%d", time.localtime(time.time()))root_path = f'{image_folder}/screenshot/{date}'if not os.path.exists(root_path):os.makedirs(root_path)file_name = '{}/{}.png'.format(root_path, uuid4())# 获取网页可视区域宽高inner_width = driver.execute_script("return window.innerWidth")inner_height = driver.execute_script("return window.innerHeight")# 获取网页高度height = get_page_height(driver, pages)# 滚动截图，创建一个指定宽高的白色背景，用于在上面拼接图片screenshot = Image.new('RGB', (inner_width, height if pages == 0 else min(inner_height*pages, height)), (255, 255, 255))scroll_total = 0num = 0# 每次滚动一屏，一屏的高度为 inner_heightfor scroll_height in range(0, height, inner_height):if pages > 0 and num >= pages:breakdriver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, %d)" % scroll_height)time.sleep(0.5)screenshot_part = driver.get_screenshot_as_png()img = Image.open(io.BytesIO(screenshot_part))screenshot.paste(img, (0, scroll_height, img.width, scroll_height + img.height))scroll_total = scroll_heightnum += 1# 最后一屏需要特殊处理if scroll_total > 0 and scroll_total < height and height-scroll_total < inner_height:driver.execute_script(f"window.scrollTo(0, {height})")time.sleep(0.5)# 截取剩余区域img_file = capture_region(driver, 0, inner_height - (height - scroll_total) - offset_height, inner_width, inner_height)if img_file is not None:img = Image.open(img_file)screenshot.paste(img, (0, scroll_total, img.width, scroll_total + img.height))os.remove(img_file)# 保存截图screenshot.save(file_name)except:passreturn file_name'''
截取指定区域，保存路径为当前项目的screenshot/region目录下
left_top_x 左上角X轴坐标
left_top_y 左上角Y轴坐标
right_bottom_x 右下角X轴坐标
right_bottom_y 右下角Y轴坐标
'''
def capture_region(driver, left_top_x, left_top_y, right_bottom_x, right_bottom_y):try:date = time.strftime("%Y%m%d", time.localtime(time.time()))root_path = f'{image_folder}/screenshot/{date}'if not os.path.exists(root_path):os.makedirs(root_path)file_name = '{}/{}.png'.format(root_path, uuid4())screenshot = driver.get_screenshot_as_png()img = Image.open(io.BytesIO(screenshot))region = img.crop((left_top_x, left_top_y, right_bottom_x, right_bottom_y))region.save(file_name)return file_nameexcept Exception:passreturn None# 计算图片宽高
def get_image_size(img, target_width=None, target_height=None):original_width, original_height = img.size# 默认为图片原始宽高if not target_width and not target_height:return (original_width, original_height)# 计算目标尺寸if target_width and target_height:# 情况1：指定宽高参数crop_width = min(int(target_width), original_width)crop_height = min(int(target_height), original_height)elif target_width:# 情况2：仅指定宽度，高度按比例计算crop_width = min(int(target_width), original_width)crop_height = int(original_height * (crop_width / original_width))else:# 情况3：仅指定高度，宽度按比例计算crop_height = min(int(target_height), original_height)crop_width = int(original_width * (crop_height / original_height))return (crop_width, crop_height)# 获取页面实际高度（包含滚动区域）
def get_page_height(driver, pages):last_scroll_height = 0# 获取浏览器可视窗口高度inner_height = driver.execute_script("return window.innerHeight")total_height = inner_heightnum = 0while True:if pages > 0 and num >= pages+1:breakscroll_height = driver.execute_script("return window.scrollY") + inner_heightif scroll_height == last_scroll_height:breaklast_scroll_height = scroll_height# 之所以每次滚动一屏，是因为某些网站的图片资源，只有在滚动到当前可视窗口时，才会加载出来driver.execute_script(f"window.scrollTo(0, {total_height})")total_height += inner_heightnum += 1time.sleep(2)return last_scroll_heightif __name__ == '__main__':app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8181)

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