yum命令介绍
说明:在Linux操作系统中,yum是一款包管理工具。通常,如果想要在Linux操作系统中安装一个软件,要先搞到应用的源代码,再在操作系统里使用命令编译安装,很不方便,而使用yum只需要一行命令就可以搞定,并且后续启动应用也很方便。
本文介绍一些常用的yum命令
which yum:查看当前系统是否有yum
敲下面的命令,查看当前Linux操作系统是否有yum工具,如下:
which yum
如下,说明系统中存在yum命令,也就是安装了yum工具
yum --version:查看当前yum工具的版本信息
yum --version
如下:
yum --help:查看yum命令列表
yum --help
如下:
yum list installed:列出已安装的应用
yum list installed
如下:
当然,如果你想知道是否已安装了某个应用,追加grep <应用名>
命令即可,如下,查看是否已安装nginx
yum list installed | grep nginx
这里我遇到了下面这个问题,
Loaded plugins: langpacks
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org?arch=x86_64&release=7&repo=sclo-rh error was
14: curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrorlist.centos.org; Name or service not known"One of the configured repositories failed (Unknown),and yum doesn't have enough cached data to continue. At this point the onlysafe thing yum can do is fail. There are a few ways to work "fix" this:1. Contact the upstream for the repository and get them to fix the problem.2. Reconfigure the baseurl/etc. for the repository, to point to a workingupstream. This is most often useful if you are using a newerdistribution release than is supported by the repository (and thepackages for the previous distribution release still work).3. Run the command with the repository temporarily disabledyum --disablerepo=<repoid> ...4. Disable the repository permanently, so yum won't use it by default. Yumwill then just ignore the repository until you permanently enable itagain or use --enablerepo for temporary usage:yum-config-manager --disable <repoid>orsubscription-manager repos --disable=<repoid>5. Configure the failing repository to be skipped, if it is unavailable.Note that yum will try to contact the repo. when it runs most commands,so will have to try and fail each time (and thus. yum will be be muchslower). If it is a very temporary problem though, this is often a nicecompromise:yum-config-manager --save --setopt=<repoid>.skip_if_unavailable=trueCannot find a valid baseurl for repo: centos-sclo-rh/x86_64
好像是centos的镜像地址无效,找不到了
参考下面这篇文章解决了
- https://blog.csdn.net/Jahn_W/article/details/141608091
敲下面这些命令,更换成阿里云的镜像地址
mv /etc/yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d-bak
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
如下:
yum install <应用名>:使用yum安装某应用
yum install httpd
如下,安装httpd应用
安装有些应用,中间会有个询问,可在安装命令后追加 -y
,表示有询问时,自动选择yes
继续安装,如下:
yum install httpd -y
另外,如果需要一次安装多个应用,可在后面追加多个应用名,用空格间隔,如下,表示安装httpd、nginx
yum install httpd nginx
yum update <应用名>:更新某应用
yum update httpd
如下,更新httpd应用
如果后面不指定某应用,表示更新所有已安装的应用,如下:
yum update
可能要更新好一会儿,另外还会消耗不少流量(如果你的云服务器是按量收费的,不能不精打细算),最重要的是,一次性更新所有应用可能会出现稀奇古怪的错误(继续看),不建议使用此命令。
yum info <应用名>:查看某应用的信息
yum info httpd
如下,查看httpd应用包的信息(忽略上面几行的错误信息,是因为上面更新了所有应用包导致的)
yum remove <应用名>:移除某应用
yum remove httpd
如下,移除httpd应用
yum clear:更新镜像应用源缓存:
yum clear
如下:
启动应用
使用yum安装的应用,可以使用systemctl
命令启动(start)、重启(restart)、停止(stop)、查看(status),非常方便,如下:
(启动httpd应用)
systemctl start httpd
(查看httpd应用状态)
systemctl status httpd
使用浏览器,输入主机IP地址,查看应用情况,如下,说明应用已可用
(停止httpd服务)
systemctl stop httpd
总结
本文介绍了包管理工具yum的使用以及使用中的问题