2025年4月22日(平滑)
在学术和工程语境中,表达“平滑”需根据具体含义选择术语。以下是专业场景下的精准翻译及用法解析:
1. 数学/信号处理中的「平滑」(消除噪声)
-  Smooth (verb/noun/adjective) - “Apply a Gaussian filter to smooth the noisy signal.”
- “The trajectory exhibits smooth convergence.”
 
-  Smoothing (noun) - “Kalman filtering provides optimal smoothing of state estimates.”
 
-  专业术语扩展 - Low-pass filtering(低通滤波)
 “Use a Butterworth filter for frequency-domain smoothing.”
- Moving average(移动平均)
 “A 5-point moving average reduces measurement jitter.”
 
- Low-pass filtering(低通滤波)
2. 控制/动力学中的「平滑」(无突变)
-  Continuous differentiability(连续可微) - “The reference trajectory must be C²-smooth to avoid jerk.”
 
-  Bounded derivatives(有界导数) - “Ensure smooth actuator commands by limiting dV/dt.”
 
-  工程场景用例 - Spline interpolation(样条插值)
 “Cubic splines generate smooth paths between waypoints.”
- Sigmoid transition(S型过渡)
 “A sigmoid velocity profile prevents step changes in acceleration.”
 
- Spline interpolation(样条插值)
3. 优化/机器学习中的「平滑」
-  Convexity-related(凸性相关) - “The loss function is L-smooth (Lipschitz-smooth).”
 
-  Regularization(正则化) - “Laplacian smoothing mitigates overfitting in mesh models.”
 
-  算法示例 - Exponential smoothing(指数平滑)
 “Holt-Winters method uses double exponential smoothing.”
 
- Exponential smoothing(指数平滑)
4. 避免歧义的替代表达
| 中文语义 | 英文精准对应 | 适用场景 | 
|---|---|---|
| 光滑(表面) | Polished / Glossy | 机械加工、材料科学 | 
| 流畅(运动) | Fluid / Seamless | 机器人轨迹规划 | 
| 缓变(参数) | Gradual / Monotonic | 控制系统调参 | 
5. 经典论文用例
- “The smoothing spline algorithm minimizes the cost function:
 [
 J(f) = \sum (y_i - f(x_i))^2 + \lambda \int [f’'(x)]^2 dx
 ]
 where (\lambda) controls the smoothness trade-off.”
 (《The Elements of Statistical Learning》)
高频易错点
-  ❌ “Make the curve more smooth.” 
 ✅ 修正:“Increase the curve’s smoothness.”
 (名词形式正确用法)
-  ❌ “This method is smooth.” 
 ✅ 修正:“This method yields smooth outputs.”
 (需明确平滑对象)
根据上下文选择最贴切的术语,可显著提升学术表达的准确性。
