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Node.js 操作 MySQL 数据库

news 来源：原创 2025/5/8 23:49:57

环境检查

Node.js 环境验证

node -v  # 确认版本 ≥14.x
npm -v    # 确认能正常输出

MySQL 服务检查


# Linux
systemctl status mysql# Windows (CMD)
sc query MySQL

数据库与表创建

创建数据库


CREATE DATABASE users CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
USE users;

关闭外键检查并建表

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;CREATE TABLE t_users (id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,gender TINYINT(1),borndate DATE,address VARCHAR(255)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;-- 插入测试数据
INSERT INTO t_users (name, gender, borndate, address) VALUES
('郭靖', 1, '2000-01-01', '襄阳'),
('黄蓉', 0, '2001-05-05', '桃花岛');SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

Node.js 连接数据库

项目初始化
```
npm init -y
npm install mysql2
```

index.js 基础连接


const mysql = require('mysql2');const connection = mysql.createConnection({host: 'localhost',user: 'root',password: 'your_password',database: 'users'
});connection.connect((err) => {if (err) throw err;console.log('MySQL connected!');connection.end(); // 测试后关闭
});

查询操作

query.js 简单查询


const connection = mysql.createConnection({ /* 配置同上 */ });connection.query('SELECT * FROM t_users', (err, results) => {if (err) throw err;console.log(results);connection.end();
});

条件查询


const sql = 'SELECT * FROM t_users WHERE name LIKE ? AND borndate < ?';
const params = ['%郭%', '2003-12-31'];
connection.query(sql, params, (err, results) => {// 处理结果
});

获取字段信息


connection.query('SELECT * FROM t_users WHERE id > ?', [5], (err, results, fields) => {console.log(fields.map(f => f.name)); // 输出字段名}
);

新增操作 (insert.js)新增作（insert.js）


const sql = `INSERT INTO t_users (name, gender, borndate, address) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)`;
const params = ['梅超风', 1, '2004-07-09', '古墓'];connection.query(sql, params, (err, result) => {console.log('Insert ID:', result.insertId);connection.end();
});

修改操作 (update.js)修改作（update.js）


const sql = 'UPDATE t_users SET name=?, address=? WHERE id=?';
const params = ['张三丰', '武当山', 3];connection.query(sql, params, (err, result) => {console.log('Affected rows:', result.affectedRows);connection.end();
});