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Ubuntu-18.04-bionic 的apt的/etc/apt/sources.list 更换国内镜像软件源 笔记250702

news 2025/7/3 6:51:25

Ubuntu-18.04-bionic 的apt的/etc/apt/sources.list更换国内镜像软件源 笔记250702

为 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS（代号 Bionic Beaver）更换 /etc/apt/sources.list 为国内镜像源


备份/etc/apt/sources.list文件
sudo cp -a /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak  # 备份原始文件

sudo cp -a /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.original.bak  # 备份原始文件

备份之前文件,带时间戳

filePath=/etc/apt/sources.list ;    cp -a ${filePath} ${filePath}.$(date +%0y%0m%0d_%0H%0M%0S_%0N).bak

fileURI=/etc/apt/sources.list ;    cp -a ${fileURI} ${fileURI}.$(date +%0y%0m%0d_%0H%0M%0S_%0N).bak

filePathURI=/etc/apt/sources.list ;    cp -a ${filePathURI} ${filePathURI}.$(date +%0y%0m%0d_%0H%0M%0S_%0N).bak
原版 /etc/apt/sources.list文件的内容 - Ubuntu-Server 18.04.6 LTS
# # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 18.04.6 LTS _Bionic Beaver_ - Release amd64 (20210915.2)]/ bionic main restricted#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 18.04.6 LTS _Bionic Beaver_ - Release amd64 (20210915.2)]/ bionic main restricted# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partnerdeb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
编辑 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list  # 或使用 vim/gedit

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list



阿里云源（推荐，稳定性高）

方式1: 用替换方式将 cn.archive.ubuntu.com 和 security.ubuntu.com 都替换为 mirrors.aliyun.com

例如用vim替换

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

替换 cn.archive.ubuntu.com

:%s/cn.archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g

替换 security.ubuntu.com

:%s/security.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g

方式2: 完整内容替换

带源码, deb-src 开头的行会下载源码

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

注释掉 deb-src 开头的行, 不下载源码

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

去掉 deb-src 开头的行, 不下载源码

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
EOF




清华大学源（支持 HTTPS）

方式1: 用替换方式将 cn.archive.ubuntu.com 和 security.ubuntu.com 都替换为 mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

例如用vim替换

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

替换 cn.archive.ubuntu.com

:%s/cn.archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g

替换 security.ubuntu.com

:%s/security.ubuntu.com/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g

也可以用 mirrors4 和 mirrors6 , mirrors4使用IPv4, mirrors6使用IPv6, mirrors自动选择

mirrors4 替换 cn.archive.ubuntu.com

:%s/cn.archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g

mirrors4替换 security.ubuntu.com

:%s/security.ubuntu.com/mirrors4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g

mirrors6 替换 cn.archive.ubuntu.com

:%s/cn.archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g

mirrors6替换 security.ubuntu.com

:%s/security.ubuntu.com/mirrors6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g

方式2: 完整内容替换

带源码

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

注释掉 deb-src 开头的行, 不下载源码

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

去掉 deb-src 开头的行, 不下载源码
mirrors自动ipv4v6

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

mirrors4使用ipv4

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb https://mirrors4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

mirrors6使用ipv6

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb https://mirrors6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
EOF




中科大源（教育网优化）

方式1: 用替换方式将 cn.archive.ubuntu.com 和 security.ubuntu.com 都替换为 mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

例如用vim替换

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

替换 cn.archive.ubuntu.com

:%s/cn.archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g

替换 security.ubuntu.com

:%s/security.ubuntu.com/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g

方式2: 完整内容替换

deb-src 带源码下载

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

注释掉 deb-src 开头的行, 不下载源码

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
###deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

去掉 deb-src 开头的行, 不下载源码

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

💻 三、图形界面更换（可选）

  1. 打开 Software & Updates（通过系统搜索或 sudo software-properties-gtk）。
  2. 在 Ubuntu Software 标签页 → Download from 下拉菜单 → 选择 Other。
  3. 从列表中选择 China → 镜像源（如 mirrors.aliyun.com）或点击 Select Best Server 自动测试最快源。

⚠️ 四、注意事项

  1. 系统代号一致性：所有条目中的 bionic 必须保留（Ubuntu 18.04 专属代号）。
  2. 协议选择：
    • HTTPS 源更安全，若遇到证书错误可改用 HTTP。
    • 阿里云、163 源默认使用 HTTP；清华、中科大推荐 HTTPS。
  3. 更新失败处理：
    • 检查网络连接和镜像源是否可用。
    • 恢复备份：sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.bak /etc/apt/sources.list。
  4. 速度测试建议：可依次尝试阿里云、清华、中科大源，通过 sudo apt update 观察下载速度。

💎 五、其他参考源

  • 163 源：http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/
  • 华为云源：http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/
  • 腾讯云源：http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/

更换后，使用 sudo apt update 验证是否从新源拉取数据。若需进一步优化，可定期清理缓存（sudo apt clean）或移除无用依赖（sudo apt autoremove）。







1️⃣ 参考 1

为 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS（代号 Bionic Beaver）更换 /etc/apt/sources.list 为国内镜像源，可显著提升软件下载速度。以下是详细步骤及常见镜像源配置：

🔧 一、更换步骤（命令行方式）

1. 备份原配置文件
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak  # 备份原始文件
2. 编辑 sources.list 文件
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list  # 或使用 vim/gedit

清空原内容，粘贴以下任一镜像源配置（需保留 bionic 系统代号）：

3. 更新软件列表
sudo apt update   # 刷新软件包列表
sudo apt upgrade  # 可选：升级已安装软件

🌐 二、国内主流镜像源配置（任选其一）

1. 阿里云源（推荐，稳定性高）
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
2. 清华大学源（支持 HTTPS）
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
3. 中科大源（教育网优化）
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

💻 三、图形界面更换（可选）

  1. 打开 Software & Updates（通过系统搜索或 sudo software-properties-gtk）。
  2. 在 Ubuntu Software 标签页 → Download from 下拉菜单 → 选择 Other。
  3. 从列表中选择 China → 镜像源（如 mirrors.aliyun.com）或点击 Select Best Server 自动测试最快源。

⚠️ 四、注意事项

  1. 系统代号一致性：所有条目中的 bionic 必须保留（Ubuntu 18.04 专属代号）。
  2. 协议选择：
    • HTTPS 源更安全，若遇到证书错误可改用 HTTP。
    • 阿里云、163 源默认使用 HTTP；清华、中科大推荐 HTTPS。
  3. 更新失败处理：
    • 检查网络连接和镜像源是否可用。
    • 恢复备份：sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.bak /etc/apt/sources.list。
  4. 速度测试建议：可依次尝试阿里云、清华、中科大源，通过 sudo apt update 观察下载速度。

💎 五、其他参考源

  • 163 源：http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/
  • 华为云源：http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/
  • 腾讯云源：http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/

更换后，使用 sudo apt update 验证是否从新源拉取数据。若需进一步优化，可定期清理缓存（sudo apt clean）或移除无用依赖（sudo apt autoremove）。







2️⃣ 参考 2

以下是针对Ubuntu 18.04（Bionic Beaver）更换国内镜像源的详细步骤指南，包含清华大学、阿里云、中科大等常用镜像源配置：

一、操作前准备：备份原文件

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

此步骤可防止配置错误导致系统无法更新，备份文件可在需要时恢复。

二、选择镜像源并编辑配置文件

1. 清华大学镜像源（推荐）
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

粘贴以下内容（删除原有内容）：

# 主仓库
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse# 更新仓库
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse# 安全更新
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse# 回滚版本（谨慎启用）
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse# 测试版仓库（不建议普通用户启用）
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
2. 阿里云镜像源
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

粘贴以下内容：

# 二进制包源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse# 源代码包源（可选）
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse# 不稳定源（谨慎启用）
# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
3. 中科大镜像源
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

粘贴以下内容：

deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

三、更新软件源列表

sudo apt update

此命令会刷新本地缓存，使新配置生效。

四、升级系统软件（可选）

sudo apt upgrade -y

此步骤会将已安装的软件包升级到最新版本，建议定期执行。

五、验证配置

  1. 测试下载速度：
    尝试安装一个小型工具（如curl）测试速度：

    sudo apt install curl -y

  2. 检查源状态：
    运行apt update时观察输出，确保无404错误或连接超时。

六、常见问题

  1. 如何恢复官方源？
    执行备份恢复命令：

    sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list.bak /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt update

  2. 镜像源选择建议：

    • 清华/阿里云/中科大源速度较快，优先选择。
    • 定期更新系统（sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade）以确保安全。

  3. 源码仓库（deb-src）：
    默认注释源码仓库以提高速度，如需编译软件可取消注释。

通过以上步骤，您可显著提升Ubuntu 18.04的软件安装与更新速度。







3️⃣ 参考 3

以下是 Ubuntu 18.04 更换国内 APT 镜像源的详细步骤，确保操作安全且高效：

1. 备份原源文件

在修改前备份原文件，防止操作失误导致系统异常：

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

2. 编辑源文件

使用文本编辑器（如 nano 或 vim）修改 /etc/apt/sources.list：

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

3. 替换为国内镜像源

删除文件中的原有内容，并粘贴以下对应镜像的源配置：

阿里云源（推荐）
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
清华源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
中科大源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

4. 保存并退出

  • Nano 编辑器：按 Ctrl + O 保存，按 Ctrl + X 退出。
  • Vim 编辑器：按 Esc，输入 :wq 保存并退出。

5. 更新软件包列表

运行以下命令更新本地软件包索引：

sudo apt update

6. 升级系统（可选）

升级已安装的软件包：

sudo apt upgrade

注意事项

  1. 版本代号（bionic）
    Ubuntu 18.04 的版本代号是 bionic，确保所有源地址中包含该代号。

  2. 网络问题

    • 如果更新失败，检查网络连接或尝试其他镜像源（如清华源、中科大源）。
    • 若使用 HTTPS 源（如清华源），需确保系统已安装 apt-transport-https：
      sudo apt install apt-transport-https

  3. 图形化工具（可选）
    使用图形界面工具 Software & Updates 更换源：

    sudo software-properties-gtk

    在 “Ubuntu Software” 选项卡中选择 “Other…”，然后选择国内镜像（如阿里云或清华源）。

  4. 恢复默认源
    如果更换源后系统异常，可通过备份文件恢复：

    sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.bak /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt update

常见问题

1. 源配置错误
  • 错误提示：404 Not Found 或 HTTP 404
    解决方法：检查源地址是否正确，确保 bionic 存在且未过期。
2. 混合使用官方源和镜像源
  • 不建议同时使用官方源和镜像源，否则可能导致依赖冲突。
3. 源文件格式问题
  • 确保每行结尾无多余空格或符号（如多余的 # 或 //）。

通过以上步骤，你可以显著提升 Ubuntu 18.04 的软件更新和安装速度！如果仍有问题，请检查网络或尝试其他镜像源。







4️⃣ 参考 4

下面为你介绍如何将Ubuntu 18.04系统的/etc/apt/sources.list替换成国内镜像软件源。

操作步骤

  1. 备份原始文件
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
  1. 编辑源列表文件
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
  1. 选择合适的国内镜像源
    将文件中的原有内容替换为以下任一镜像源的内容：

阿里云镜像源

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

清华大学镜像源

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

中国科学技术大学镜像源

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

  1. 保存修改
    按Ctrl+O保存文件，按Ctrl+X退出编辑器。

  2. 更新软件包索引

sudo apt update
  1. 升级已安装的软件包
sudo apt upgrade

注意事项

  • 如果你使用的是Ubuntu 18.04的LTS版本，以上镜像源配置应该能正常工作。
  • 如果你使用的是其他版本的Ubuntu，请相应调整镜像源中的版本代号（如bionic对应18.04，focal对应20.04等）。
  • 如果你在中国大陆地区，使用国内镜像源可以显著提高软件包的下载速度。
  • 如果你遇到网络问题，可以尝试切换到其他镜像源，或者暂时使用官方源。







5️⃣ 参考 5

Ubuntu 18.04 更换 APT 软件源为国内镜像源步骤

1. 备份原配置文件
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

此命令创建原始源的备份，防止操作失误。

2. 检查现有源配置
grep -r "bionic" /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
  • 检查主文件(sources.list)和子目录(sources.list.d/)中的重复配置
  • 若发现重复条目（如xenial-partner.list），需注释或删除
3. 编辑软件源文件
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list  # 或使用 nano/vim

删除所有内容，替换为国内镜像源（以阿里云为例）：

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

关键说明

  • bionic 是 Ubuntu 18.04 的发行版代号
  • 其他可选镜像源：
    • 清华大学：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/
    • 中科大：https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/
4. 更新软件包列表
sudo apt-get update
  • 成功标志：显示新镜像源地址（如 mirrors.aliyun.com）且无报错
  • 若出现 W: 目标被配置多次 错误，需检查步骤2的重复项
5. 升级系统（可选）
sudo apt-get upgrade

此命令安装可用更新

常见问题解决

  1. 重复配置警告

    sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*xenial*.list  # 删除冲突文件

  2. 找不到 bionic 条目
    检查是否误用其他版本代号（如 xenial），确保所有条目包含 bionic

  3. HTTPS 证书问题
    将源地址中的 https 改为 http，或安装CA证书：

    sudo apt install ca-certificates

验证版本：执行 lsb_release -a 确认系统版本为 Ubuntu 18.04 (bionic)







6️⃣ 参考 6

以下是Ubuntu 18.04（代号 bionic）更换 /etc/apt/sources.list 为国内镜像源的完整步骤，综合多个权威来源整理而成：

🔧 一、操作步骤

  1. 📂 备份原有源列表
    避免操作失误，务必先备份原始文件：

    sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

    引用来源：[citation:1][citation:4][citation:6]

  2. ✍️ 编辑源列表文件
    使用文本编辑器（如 nano、vim 或 gedit）打开文件：

    sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list   # 命令行推荐
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list   # 图形界面推荐

    删除原有内容，粘贴以下任一国内镜像源配置👇。

🌐 二、国内镜像源配置模板

选项1：阿里云镜像源（推荐，稳定性高）[citation:3][citation:6]
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# 注释不稳定源（如需启用请手动取消注释）
# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
选项2：清华大学镜像源[citation:1][citation:2]
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布源默认禁用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
选项3：网易163源[citation:5]
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

🔄 三、应用新配置

  1. 🔄 更新软件源列表
    保存文件后执行：

    sudo apt update

    若出现 忽略 或 404 错误，检查镜像源地址是否包含 bionic（Ubuntu 18.04代号）[citation:4][citation:6]。

  2. ⏫ 升级已安装软件（可选）

    sudo apt upgrade







7️⃣ 参考 7

在 Ubuntu-18.04 中更换 /etc/apt/sources.list 为国内镜像软件源可以按照以下步骤操作：

  1. 备份原文件

    • 首先，使用命令行对原来的 sources.list 文件进行备份，以防止出现错误无法恢复。可以使用以下命令：
      • sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

  2. 编辑 sources.list 文件

    • 使用文本编辑器打开 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件。可以选择使用 nano 或 vim 等编辑器，例如使用 nano 编辑器的命令是 sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list。
    • 删除或注释掉文件中原来的所有内容。可以通过在每一行开头添加 “#” 来注释内容。

  3. 添加国内镜像源（以下是一些常见的国内镜像源）

    • 阿里云镜像源

      • 将以下内容添加到文件中：
        • deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
        • deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
        • deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
        • deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
        • deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

    • 清华大学镜像源

      • 添加以下内容：
        • deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
        • deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
        • deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
        • deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

    • 中科大镜像源

      • 添加以下内容：
        • deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
        • deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
        • deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
        • deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
        • deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

  4. 更新软件包列表

    • 保存并关闭 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件后，运行以下命令更新软件包列表，使新的镜像源生效：
      • sudo apt-get update

这样就完成了 Ubuntu-18.04 的 /etc/apt/sources.list 更换为国内镜像软件源的操作。使用国内镜像源可以提高软件包的下载速度，改善软件安装和更新的体验，因为在从国内服务器下载软件包时，网络延迟相对较低。







8️⃣ 参考 8

在 Ubuntu 18.04 系统中更换国内镜像源的操作步骤如下：

步骤 1：备份原有源

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup

步骤 2：替换为国内镜像源

方法一：直接替换文件内容

打开 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件并替换为以下内容（可任选一个国内镜像源）。

阿里云镜像源（推荐）
sudo sed -i 's/archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
清华大学镜像源
sudo sed -i 's/archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
中科大镜像源
sudo sed -i 's/archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
方法二：手动编辑文件

使用 nano 或 vim 编辑 /etc/apt/sources.list，替换为以下内容（以阿里云为例）：

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

替换内容如下（注意 bionic 是 Ubuntu 18.04 的代号）：

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

步骤 3：更新软件包列表

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y

常见问题

  1. 权限问题：确保使用 sudo 执行命令。
  2. 镜像源不可用：如果某个镜像源速度慢，可尝试替换为其他国内源。
  3. 恢复备份：若出现问题，恢复备份文件：
    sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.backup /etc/apt/sources.list

完成以上步骤后，你的 Ubuntu 18.04 将使用国内镜像源加速软件下载。







9️⃣ 参考 9

在 Ubuntu 18.04 中更换 /etc/apt/sources.list 为国内镜像源（如阿里云、腾讯云等）可以显著提升软件包下载速度。以下是详细操作步骤：

1. 备份原始源列表

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

2. 选择国内镜像源并编辑文件

常用国内镜像源地址示例（以 Ubuntu 18.04 为例）：
镜像源地址
阿里云http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/
清华大学https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/
中国科技大学https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/
网易http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/
腾讯https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/
操作步骤：

  1. 打开文件编辑：

    sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

  2. 将原有内容替换为以下内容（以阿里云为例）：

    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

    注意：

    • bionic 是 Ubuntu 18.04 的代号，请勿更改。
    • 如果需要其他镜像源，只需替换 URL 中的域名部分（例如改为 mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn）。

  3. 保存并退出（Nano 中按 Ctrl + O 回车保存，Ctrl + X 退出）。

3. 更新软件包列表

执行以下命令使更改生效：

sudo apt update

4. 验证镜像源

尝试安装一个软件包（如 htop）测试是否正常：

sudo apt install htop

常见问题

  1. 无法连接镜像源？

    • 检查网络是否通畅。
    • 确保输入的镜像地址正确无误。
    • 尝试更换其他国内镜像源。

  2. 提示 GPG 错误？

    • 添加对应镜像源的 GPG 密钥（通常会自动完成，若失败可参考镜像站文档）。

完整示例（阿里云镜像）

# 默认注释说明
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

通过以上步骤即可完成国内镜像源的切换，大幅提升软件包下载速度！







🔟 参考 10













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