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docker compose基本使用以及示例

news 来源：原创 2025/6/30 12:06:02

一、docker-compose模板文件

字段	含义
build	指定Dockerfile所在的文件夹路径
image	指定为镜像名称或镜像ID
container_name	指定容器模式
depends_on	指定多个服务之间的依赖关系
ports	端口映射
command	覆盖容器启动后默认执行的命令
entrypoint	覆盖容器中默认的入口命令
env_file	从文件中获取环境变量
environment	设置环境变量
expose	暴露端口，但不映射到宿主机
restart	指定重启策略
healthcheck	指定检测应用健康状态的机制
volumes	数据卷所挂载路径设置
extends	基于其他模板文件进行扩展
networks	所加入的网络
ulimits	指定容器的ulimits限制值

二、docker compose常用命令

命令	含义
docker compose up	启动所有服务（-d 后台运行）
docker compose down	停止并删除容器（-v 同时删除数据卷）
docker compose config	校验和查看compose文件的配置信息
docker compose exec	在一个运行中的容器内执行给定命令
docker compose logs	查看服务容器的输出
docker compose pause	暂停一个服务容器
docker compose restart	重启项目中的服务
docker compose ps	列出项目中目前的所有容器
docker compose top	显示服务栈中正在运行的服务

三、docker-compose示例

部署discuz论坛和wordpress博客，使用adminer管理数据库。

1、编写docker-compose.yml：

[root@openEuler-4 ~]# mkdir discuz_wordpress && cd discuz_wordpress
[root@openEuler-4 discuz_wordpress]# vim docker-compose.yml
name: discuz_wordpress
services:adminer:container_name: adminerdepends_on:db:condition: service_startedrequired: trueimage: adminernetworks:mynetwork:ipv4_address: 172.18.0.15ports:- mode: ingresstarget: 8080published: "8080"protocol: tcprestart: alwaysdb:command:- --character-set-server=utf8- --collation-server=utf8_general_cicontainer_name: mysql57environment:MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpressMYSQL_PASSWORD: wordpressMYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: "123456"MYSQL_USER: wordpressimage: mysql:5.7networks:mynetwork:ipv4_address: 172.18.0.10restart: unless-stoppedvolumes:- type: volumesource: db_datatarget: /var/lib/mysqlvolume: {}discuz:container_name: discuzdepends_on:db:condition: service_startedrequired: trueenvironment:DISCUZ_DB_HOST: db:3306image: tencentci/discuznetworks:mynetwork:ipv4_address: 172.18.0.12ports:- mode: ingresstarget: 80published: "80"protocol: tcprestart: unless-stoppedvolumes:- type: volumesource: discuz_datatarget: /var/www/htmlvolume: {}wordpress:container_name: wordpressdepends_on:db:condition: service_startedrequired: trueenvironment:WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: db:3306WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: wordpressWORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: wordpressWORDPRESS_DB_USER: wordpressimage: wordpress:latestnetworks:mynetwork:ipv4_address: 172.18.0.11ports:- mode: ingresstarget: 80published: "8001"protocol: tcprestart: unless-stoppedvolumes:- type: volumesource: wp_datatarget: /var/www/htmlvolume: {}
networks:mynetwork:name: discuz_wordpress_mynetworkdriver: bridgeipam:driver: defaultconfig:- subnet: 172.18.0.0/24gateway: 172.18.0.1
volumes:db_data:name: discuz_wordpress_db_datadiscuz_data:name: discuz_wordpress_discuz_datawp_data:name: discuz_wordpress_wp_data

2、启动服务：

[root@openEuler-4 discuz_wordpress]# docker compose up -d
[root@openEuler-4 discuz_wordpress]# docker compose ps
NAME        IMAGE              COMMAND                  SERVICE     CREATED          STATUS          PORTS
adminer     adminer            "entrypoint.sh docke…"   adminer     15 seconds ago   Up 12 seconds   0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp
discuz      tencentci/discuz   "docker-php-entrypoi…"   discuz      15 seconds ago   Up 13 seconds   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp, 443/tcp
mysql57     mysql:5.7          "docker-entrypoint.s…"   db          15 seconds ago   Up 14 seconds   3306/tcp, 33060/tcp
wordpress   wordpress:latest   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   wordpress   15 seconds ago   Up 13 seconds   0.0.0.0:8001->80/tcp, :::8001->80/tcp

3、测试

输入http://IP:80访问discuz：