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QT3D学习笔记——圆台、圆锥

news 来源：原创 2025/6/10 7:54:18

类名	作用
`Qt3DWindow`	3D渲染窗口容器
`QEntity`	场景中的实体（对象或容器）
`QCamera`	控制观察视角
`QPointLight`	点光源
`QConeMesh`	圆锥几何网格
`QTransform`	控制实体的位置/旋转/缩放
`QPhongMaterial`	Phong光照材质（定义颜色、反光等）
`QFirstPersonCameraController`	第一人称相机控制器（WASD+鼠标控制）

Qt3DWindow（3D 窗口）
│
├─ RootEntity (QEntity 根实体)
│ ├─ Camera (QCamera 相机)
│ │ ├─ Lens (镜头：透视投影参数)
│ │ └─ Controller (控制器：WASD+鼠标控制)
│ │
│ ├─ Light (光源)
│ │ ├─ QPointLight(点光源：颜色/强度)
│ │ └─ QTransform (变换：光源位置)

│ │
│ └─ Cone (3d 圆锥实体）

│ ├─ QConeMesh (网格：几何图形)

│ ├─ QPhongMaterial (材质：颜色/反光)
│ └─ QTransform (变换：位置/旋转)

│
└─ FrameGraph (渲染管线：背景色/渲染设置)

//#include "mainwindow.h"//#include "FrustumWidget.h"
#include <QApplication>
#include <QtCore/QObject>
#include <QGuiApplication>#include <Qt3DRender/qcamera.h>
#include <Qt3DCore/qentity.h>
#include <Qt3DRender/qcameralens.h>#include <QtWidgets/QApplication>
#include <QtWidgets/QWidget>
#include <QtWidgets/QHBoxLayout>
#include <QtWidgets/QCheckBox>
#include <QtWidgets/QCommandLinkButton>
#include <QtGui/QScreen>#include <Qt3DInput/QInputAspect>#include <Qt3DExtras/qtorusmesh.h>
#include <Qt3DRender/qmesh.h>
#include <Qt3DRender/qtechnique.h>
#include <Qt3DRender/qmaterial.h>
#include <Qt3DRender/qeffect.h>
#include <Qt3DRender/qtexture.h>
#include <Qt3DRender/qrenderpass.h>
#include <Qt3DRender/qsceneloader.h>
#include <Qt3DRender/qpointlight.h>#include <Qt3DCore/qtransform.h>
#include <Qt3DCore/qaspectengine.h>#include <Qt3DRender/qrenderaspect.h>
#include <Qt3DExtras/qforwardrenderer.h>#include <Qt3DExtras/qt3dwindow.h>
#include <Qt3DExtras/qfirstpersoncameracontroller.h>
#include <Qt3DExtras/QPhongMaterial>
#include <Qt3DExtras/QConeMesh>
#include <QText2DEntity>
// 创建坐标轴线
Qt3DCore::QEntity* createAxisLine(Qt3DCore::QEntity* parent,const QVector3D& start,const QVector3D& end,const QColor& color) {Qt3DCore::QEntity* axis = new Qt3DCore::QEntity(parent);// 顶点数据QByteArray vertexData;vertexData.resize(2 * 3 * sizeof(float)); // 2 points xyzfloat* ptr = reinterpret_cast<float*>(vertexData.data());*ptr++ = start.x(); *ptr++ = start.y(); *ptr++ = start.z();*ptr++ = end.x();   *ptr++ = end.y();   *ptr++ = end.z();// 几何体Qt3DCore::QGeometry* geometry = new Qt3DCore::QGeometry(axis);Qt3DCore::QBuffer* vertexBuffer = new Qt3DCore::QBuffer(geometry);vertexBuffer->setData(vertexData);Qt3DCore::QAttribute* positionAttr = new Qt3DCore::QAttribute(vertexBuffer,  // 直接传递缓冲区，不传递geometryQt3DCore::QAttribute::defaultPositionAttributeName(),Qt3DCore::QAttribute::Float,3,  // 每个顶点的分量数（xyz=3）2   // 顶点数量（起点+终点=2）);geometry->addAttribute(positionAttr);  // 手动添加到geometry// 渲染器Qt3DRender::QGeometryRenderer* line = new Qt3DRender::QGeometryRenderer(axis);line->setGeometry(geometry);line->setPrimitiveType(Qt3DRender::QGeometryRenderer::Lines);// 材质Qt3DExtras::QPhongMaterial* material = new Qt3DExtras::QPhongMaterial(axis);material->setDiffuse(color);material->setAmbient(color);axis->addComponent(line);axis->addComponent(material);return axis;
}// 添加坐标轴标签（需要Qt3DExtras模块）
void addAxisLabel(Qt3DCore::QEntity* parent,const QString& text,const QVector3D& position) {Qt3DExtras::QText2DEntity* label = new Qt3DExtras::QText2DEntity(parent);label->setText(text);label->setColor(Qt::black);label->setHeight(20);label->setWidth(30);Qt3DCore::QTransform* transform = new Qt3DCore::QTransform(label);transform->setTranslation(position);label->addComponent(transform);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{QApplication a(argc, argv);//MainWindow w;//w.show();Qt3DExtras::Qt3DWindow *view = new Qt3DExtras::Qt3DWindow();//3D的渲染窗口,提供3D场景的显示容器view->defaultFrameGraph()->setClearColor(QColor(Qt::black));//设置视图背景色QWidget *widget = QWidget::createWindowContainer(view);QSize screenSize = view->screen()->size();widget->setMinimumSize(QSize(200, 100));widget->setMaximumSize(screenSize);widget->setWindowTitle(QStringLiteral("Basic shapes"));//3D中的基本实体类，代表场景中的一个对象或容器。Qt3DCore::QEntity *rootEntity = new Qt3DCore::QEntity();view->setRootEntity(rootEntity);//管理输入设备的抽象层,启用输入处理（如鼠标、键盘事件）Qt3DInput::QInputAspect *input = new Qt3DInput::QInputAspect;view->registerAspect(input);//控制3D场景的观察视角Qt3DRender::QCamera *cameraEntity = view->camera();cameraEntity->lens()->setPerspectiveProjection(45.0f, 16.0f / 9.0f, 0.1f, 1000.0f);cameraEntity->setUpVector(QVector3D(0, 1, 0));//定义相机的“向上”方向（通常为Y轴 (0,1,0)）。cameraEntity->setPosition(QVector3D(0, 10.0f, 10.0f));//视点:观察者所处的位置。cameraEntity->setViewCenter(QVector3D(0, 0, 0));//观察目标点//高光控制Qt3DCore::QEntity *lightEntity = new Qt3DCore::QEntity(rootEntity);//点光源组件Qt3DRender::QPointLight *light = new Qt3DRender::QPointLight(lightEntity);light->setColor("white");light->setIntensity(1);lightEntity->addComponent(light);//定义3d实体的位置/旋转/缩放Qt3DCore::QTransform *lightTransform = new Qt3DCore::QTransform(lightEntity);lightTransform->setTranslation(cameraEntity->position());lightEntity->addComponent(lightTransform);//启用第一人称相机控制（通过WASD和鼠标移动相机）Qt3DExtras::QFirstPersonCameraController *camController = new Qt3DExtras::QFirstPersonCameraController(rootEntity);camController->setCamera(cameraEntity);// 第一个圆锥（底部圆锥）Qt3DCore::QEntity *m_coneEntity = new Qt3DCore::QEntity(rootEntity);Qt3DExtras::QConeMesh *cone = new Qt3DExtras::QConeMesh();cone->setTopRadius(0.5);cone->setBottomRadius(0.5);cone->setLength(1);  // 高度为1cone->setRings(50);cone->setSlices(20);Qt3DCore::QTransform *coneTransform = new Qt3DCore::QTransform();coneTransform->setScale(1.0);//coneTransform->setRotation(QQuaternion::fromAxisAndAngle(QVector3D(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), 45.0f));coneTransform->setTranslation(QVector3D(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));  // 底部圆锥位于原点Qt3DExtras::QPhongMaterial *coneMaterial = new Qt3DExtras::QPhongMaterial();coneMaterial->setDiffuse(QColor(Qt::white));m_coneEntity->addComponent(cone);m_coneEntity->addComponent(coneMaterial);m_coneEntity->addComponent(coneTransform);// 第二个圆锥（顶部圆锥）Qt3DCore::QEntity *m_coneEntity1 = new Qt3DCore::QEntity(rootEntity);Qt3DExtras::QConeMesh *cone1 = new Qt3DExtras::QConeMesh();cone1->setTopRadius(0.5);cone1->setBottomRadius(0.5);cone1->setLength(1);  // 高度同样为1cone1->setRings(50);cone1->setSlices(20);Qt3DCore::QTransform *coneTransform1 = new Qt3DCore::QTransform();coneTransform1->setScale(1.0);//coneTransform1->setRotation(QQuaternion::fromAxisAndAngle(QVector3D(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), 45.0f));// 将第二个圆锥放在第一个圆锥的顶部// Y轴偏移 = 第一个圆锥的高度 + 第二个圆锥高度的一半（因为旋转后中心点在几何中心）coneTransform1->setTranslation(QVector3D(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));Qt3DExtras::QPhongMaterial *coneMaterial1 = new Qt3DExtras::QPhongMaterial();coneMaterial1->setDiffuse(QColor(Qt::white));m_coneEntity1->addComponent(cone1);m_coneEntity1->addComponent(coneMaterial1);m_coneEntity1->addComponent(coneTransform1);widget->show();widget->resize(500, 500);return a.exec();
}