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Linux vagrant 导入ubuntu到virtualbox

news 来源：原创 2025/4/30 16:21:54

前言

vagrant 导入ubuntu虚拟机

前提要求

安装 virtualbox 和vagrant<vagrant-disksize> (Linux 方式 Windows 方式)

创建一键部署ubuntu虚拟机

/opt/vagrant 安装目录
/opt/VirtualBox 安装目录
/opt/ubuntu22/Vagrantfile （可配置网络IP，内存，cpu，磁盘及分区，启动项，虚拟化开启，usb3.0，安装软件）参考
用户名密码 root:1234@com，vagrant:1234@com 远程连接端口 2221
/usr/lib/systemd/system/vagrant-autostart.service 开机启动脚本
/usr/bin/vagrant_start.sh 启动脚本，可以执行批量启动关闭
/usr/bin/vagrant_stop.sh 关闭脚本，可以执行批量启动关闭
/var/log/vagrant_startup.log 启动日志记录
/var/log/vagrant_shutdown.log 关闭日志记录
box 导入参数参考
导出参考
box images download

vim /vagrant_import_ubuntu.sh

#!/bin/bash
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Author: make.han 
# Date: 2025/04/14
# vagrant ubuntu

<<!
# vagrant vm
https://portal.cloud.hashicorp.com/vagrant/discover

# ubuntu box download
https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/

# vagrant docs
https://developer.hashicorp.com/vagrant/docs

# vagrant download
https://releases.hashicorp.com/vagrant

# vagrant gitlab 
https://github.com/hashicorp/vagrant/releases

# vagrantfile config
https://developer.hashicorp.com/vagrant/docs/vagrantfile/machine_settings

# vagrant 常用命令参考
vagrant init      # 初始化
vagrant up        # 启动虚拟机
vagrant halt      # 关闭虚拟机
vagrant reload    # 重启虚拟机
vagrant ssh       # SSH 至虚拟机
vagrant suspend   # 挂起虚拟机
vagrant resume    # 唤醒虚拟机
vagrant status    # 查看虚拟机运行状态
vagrant destroy   # 销毁当前虚拟机

#box管理命令
vagrant box list    # 查看本地box列表
vagrant box add     # 添加box到列表
vagrant box remove  # 从box列表移除
!


echo "create ubuntu directory"
mkdir -p /opt/ubuntu-22.04
cd /opt/ubuntu-22.04 

echo "add init config"
cat <<'EOF'>>/opt/ubuntu-22.04/Vagrantfile
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "ubuntu-22.04"
  
  # hosts name
  config.vm.hostname = "ubuntu-22.04"
  
  # Default boot disk size
  config.vm.disk :disk, size: "100GB", primary: true

  # Add new disks (vagrant plugin install vagrant-disksize)
  #config.disksize.size = "80GB"
  
  # Set the guest operating system type (:linux :windows)
  config.vm.guest = :linux

 # Configure SSH username and password
  config.ssh.username = "vagrant" # Default User
  #config.ssh.password = "1234@com" # config password
  
  # Password login
  config.ssh.keys_only = false # Disable key authentication
 
  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  # config.vm.box_check_update = false

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
  # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"
  config.vm.network :forwarded_port, guest: 22, host: 2221, host_ip: "0.0.0.0"

  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network.
  
  # Configure as a public network, the virtual machine will obtain an IP address in the same network segment as the host through DHCP
  # config.vm.network "public_network"
  #config.vm.network "public_network", ip: "192.168.11.82"

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

  # Disable the default share of the current code directory. Doing this
  # provides improved isolation between the vagrant box and your host
  # by making sure your Vagrantfile isn't accessible to the vagrant box.
  # If you use this you may want to enable additional shared subfolders as
  # shown above.
  # config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true

  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  vb.gui = false
  #
  # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  vb.memory = "8096" 
  
  # 42 CPU cores
  vb.cpus = 2 
  
  # Enable nested virtualization (optional)
  vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--nested-hw-virt", "on"]
  
  # vm name
  vb.name = "ubuntu-22.04"
  
  # Startup Item Settings
  vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--boot1", "disk"]
  vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--boot2", "dvd"]
  vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--boot3", "floppy"]
  vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--boot4", "net"]
  
  # Enable USB controller (USB 2.0)
  #vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--usb", "on"]
  #vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--usbehci", "on"]
   
  # Enable USB controller (USB 3.0)
  vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--usb", "on"]
  vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--usbxhci", "on"]
  
  # Enable bidirectional shared clipboard and drag and drop functionality
  vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--clipboard", "bidirectional"]
  vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--draganddrop", "bidirectional"]
  end

  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.
 
  # Define a Vagrant Push strategy for pushing to Atlas. Other push strategies
  # such as FTP and Heroku are also available. See the documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/push/atlas.html for more information.
  # config.push.define "atlas" do |push|
  #   push.app = "YOUR_ATLAS_USERNAME/YOUR_APPLICATION_NAME"
  # end
  
  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   apt-get update
  #   apt-get install -y apache2
  # SHELL
  config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
    echo "root:1234@com" | chpasswd
	echo "vagrant:1234@com" | chpasswd
	
	# add key 
	echo "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAqeHJeGkyl1V+04VQ3TN5vfp1tROhrpxFIkxunJszRJpNakDjolZRDRfrKNTdn1D7z6rq1LLImZSqEj2AnNKA7OONGH73hHNVx6StCRjQo4UDy6bKBoToGjdb74D4zVFPuFqNfRX4i9yFi6Ujadf9Dsk4IeR/juD5stquE65kAB1q8S8zMdnPyZNt3JNhMh0aU23C6JTvUnqeeNQcYrhLOSPjQYZgNl4G2x6EYVRECokhTtw==" >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
        
    # config DNS
    echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" > /etc/resolv.conf
    echo "nameserver 8.8.4.4" >> /etc/resolv.conf
	
	cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
	sed -i \
	  -e 's#http://archive.ubuntu.com/#https://mirrors.aliyun.com/#g' \
	  -e 's#http://security.ubuntu.com/#https://mirrors.aliyun.com/#g' \
	  -e 's#https://archive.ubuntu.com/#https://mirrors.aliyun.com/#g' \
	  -e 's#https://security.ubuntu.com/#https://mirrors.aliyun.com/#g' \
	  /etc/apt/sources.list
	  
	apt update
	apt install -y openssh-server
	sed -i 's/^#*PasswordAuthentication .*/PasswordAuthentication yes/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
	sed -i 's/^#*PermitEmptyPasswords .*/PermitEmptyPasswords no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
	sed -i 's/#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password/PermitRootLogin yes/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
	systemctl restart ssh
  SHELL
end
EOF

echo "download ubuntu vagrant"
curl -o /opt/ubuntu-22.04/ubuntu-22.04-server-cloudimg-amd64-vagrant.box https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/jammy/20250327/jammy-server-cloudimg-amd64-vagrant.box

echo "add vagrant list"
vagrant box add --name ubuntu-22.04 /opt/ubuntu-22.04/ubuntu-22.04-server-cloudimg-amd64-vagrant.box

# 在线下载
#vagrant init generic/ubuntu2204 --box-version 4.3.12

#echo "init vagrant-disksize"
#vagrant plugin install vagrant-disksize
#vagrant plugin install --plugin-clean-sources --plugin-source https://gems.ruby-china.com/ vagrant-disksize

echo "start ubuntu vm"
vagrant up

#echo "进入"
#vagrant ssh

echo "查看"
vagrant box list

echo "port firewall"
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=2221/tcp --permanent && firewall-cmd --reload

echo "vagrant service"
cat <<'EOF'>>/usr/lib/systemd/system/vagrant-autostart.service
[Unit]
Description=Auto-start Vagrant VM on boot
After=network.target vboxdrv.service

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/bin/vagrant_start.sh
ExecStop=/usr/bin/vagrant_stop.sh
RemainAfterExit=true
User=root

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

echo "Vagrant startup script"
cat <<'EOF'>>/usr/bin/vagrant_start.sh
#!/bin/bash

# 定义 Vagrant 项目目录列表
VAGRANT_PROJECTS=(
    "/opt/ubuntu-22.04"
)

# 遍历每个 Vagrant 项目并启动虚拟机
for project in "${VAGRANT_PROJECTS[@]}"; do
    echo "切换到 Vagrant 项目目录: $project 并启动虚拟机..."
    if [ -d "$project" ]; then
        cd "$project" || { echo "无法进入目录: $project"; continue; }
        vagrant up >> /var/log/vagrant_startup.log 2>&1
        if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
            echo "虚拟机启动成功: $project"
        else
            echo "虚拟机启动失败: $project"
        fi
    else
        echo "项目目录不存在: $project"
    fi
done
EOF

echo "Vagrant close script"
cat <<'EOF'>>/usr/bin/vagrant_stop.sh
#!/bin/bash

# 定义 Vagrant 项目目录列表
VAGRANT_PROJECTS=(
    "/opt/ubuntu-22.04"
)

# 遍历每个 Vagrant 项目并关闭虚拟机
for project in "${VAGRANT_PROJECTS[@]}"; do
    echo "切换到 Vagrant 项目目录: $project 并关闭虚拟机..."
    if [ -d "$project" ]; then
        cd "$project" || { echo "无法进入目录: $project"; continue; }
        vagrant halt >> /var/log/vagrant_shutdown.log 2>&1
        if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
            echo "虚拟机关闭成功: $project"
        else
            echo "虚拟机关闭失败: $project"
        fi
    else
        echo "项目目录不存在: $project"
    fi
done
EOF

echo "赋予脚本权限"
chmod +x /usr/bin/{vagrant_start.sh,vagrant_stop.sh}

echo "启动服务，开机自启动"
systemctl enable vagrant-autostart.service
systemctl status vagrant-autostart.service