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喷泉码技术在现代物联网中的应用

摘 要

喷泉码作为一种无速率编码技术，凭借其动态生成编码包的特性，在物联网通信中展现出独特的优势。其核心思想在于接收端只需接收到足够数量的任意编码包即可恢复原始数据，这种特性使其特别适用于动态信道和多用户场景。喷泉码的实现主要依赖于两类经典算法：LT码（Luby Transform Codes）和Raptor码（Rapidly Achieving Throughput Optimal Codes）。LT码通过度分布函数生成编码包，并采用BP（Belief Propagation）算法进行解码，但其性能对度分布函数的依赖性较高。Raptor码在LT码的基础上引入预编码机制，通过前向纠错码（如LDPC码）对原始数据进行预处理，显著提升了解码效率和稳定性。本文详细分析了LT码和Raptor码的生成与解码机制，并对比了两者在编解码复杂度、冗余资源消耗和解码成功率方面的性能表现。研究表明，LT码在低复杂度场景中表现较好，而Raptor码在大规模数据分发场景中更具优势。此外，本文专注于理论和比较，结合特定场景进行比对，并进行仿真实验。最后，本文总结了喷泉码在物联网通信中的应用潜力和面临的挑战，为后续研究提供了理论依据。

关键词 喷泉码；LT码；Raptor码；无速率编码；物联网通信

The Application of Fountain Code Technology in Modern Internet of Things

ABSTRACT

Fountain code, as a rate free encoding technology, exhibits unique advantages in IoT communication due to its dynamic generation of encoding packets. The core idea is that the receiving end only needs to receive a sufficient number of arbitrary encoded packets to recover the original data, which makes it particularly suitable for dynamic channels and multi-user scenarios. The implementation of fountain codes mainly relies on two classic algorithms: LT codes (Luby Transform Codes) and Raptor codes (Rapidly Achieving Throughput Optimal Codes). The LT code generates encoding packets through a degree distribution function and decodes them using the BP (Belief Propagation) algorithm, but its performance is highly dependent on the degree distribution function. Raptor code introduces a precoding mechanism based on LT code, and preprocesses the original data through forward error correction codes (such as LDPC code), significantly improving decoding efficiency and stability. This article provides a detailed analysis of the generation and decoding mechanisms of LT codes and Raptor codes, and compares their performance in terms of encoding and decoding complexity, redundant resource consumption, and decoding success rate. Research has shown that LT codes perform better in low complexity scenarios, while Raptor codes have more advantages in large-scale data distribution scenarios. In addition, this article explores the performance optimization direction of fountain codes, focusing on the design of degree distribution functions and improvement of precoding mechanisms, and proposes a strategy to achieve a balance between high decoding success rate and low resource consumption. Finally, this article summarizes the potential applications and challenges of fountain codes in IoT communication, providing a theoretical basis for future research.

KEY WORDS Fountain code；LT code；Raptor code；rateless coding；IoT communication

英文字体采用Times New Roman，英文摘要单独一页，页码设置为II

目 录

喷泉码技术在现代物联网中的应用 I

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II