网站推广建设期试分析网站推广和优化的原因
一、概述
- 嵌入式科普(23)指向寄存器的指针变量1
，总结就是指向寄存器的指针要谨慎使用强制类型转换
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寄存器数据是易变的，通常用可变指针去访问
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可变指针有三种写法：
volatile int* p;
int* volatile p;
volatile int* volatile p;
二、参考资料
https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/language/volatile
https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/cv
https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/language/const
https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/cpp/const-and-volatile-pointers?view=msvc-170
https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Optimize-Options.html
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/423212827
三、通过int*偏移去访问寄存器
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通常的外设驱动库：一组外设寄存器通常是结构体，外设的实例使用结构体指针访问寄存器
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stm32 hal库uart：USART_TypeDef *Instance;
#define __IO volatile /*!< Defines 'read / write' permissions *//*** @brief Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter*/
typedef struct
{__IO uint32_t CR1; /*!< USART Control register 1, Address offset: 0x00 */__IO uint32_t CR2; /*!< USART Control register 2, Address offset: 0x04 */__IO uint32_t CR3; /*!< USART Control register 3, Address offset: 0x08 */__IO uint32_t BRR; /*!< USART Baud rate register, Address offset: 0x0C */__IO uint32_t GTPR; /*!< USART Guard time and prescaler register, Address offset: 0x10 */__IO uint32_t RTOR; /*!< USART Receiver Time Out register, Address offset: 0x14 */__IO uint32_t RQR; /*!< USART Request register, Address offset: 0x18 */__IO uint32_t ISR; /*!< USART Interrupt and status register, Address offset: 0x1C */__IO uint32_t ICR; /*!< USART Interrupt flag Clear register, Address offset: 0x20 */__IO uint32_t RDR; /*!< USART Receive Data register, Address offset: 0x24 */__IO uint32_t TDR; /*!< USART Transmit Data register, Address offset: 0x28 */__IO uint32_t PRESC; /*!< USART Prescaler register, Address offset: 0x2C */
} USART_TypeDef;/*** @brief UART handle Structure definition*/
typedef struct __UART_HandleTypeDef
{USART_TypeDef *Instance; /*!< UART registers base address */UART_InitTypeDef Init; /*!< UART communication parameters */....
} UART_HandleTypeDef;
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rzn2l通过int*偏移去访问定时器计数寄存器
volatile uint32_t * volatile gtp_ptr ;
volatile uint32_t * volatile ptr ;uint32_t smStatus1 = 0;uint32_t smStatus2 = 0;uint32_t smStatus3 = 0;uint32_t smStatus4 = 0;/*******************************************************************************************************************//*** main() is generated by the FSP Configuration editor and is used to generate threads if an RTOS is used. This function* is called by main() when no RTOS is used.**********************************************************************************************************************/
void hal_entry(void)
{
#if defined(BSP_MCU_GROUP_RZN2H)#if (defined(BSP_CFG_CORE_CR52) && (0 == BSP_CFG_CORE_CR52))/* Set "1" to CA550_CTRL. */R_MPU_AC->CPU_CTRL |= 0x00000100;#endif
#endif/* TODO: add your own code here */R_GPT_Open(&g_timer0_ctrl, &g_timer0_cfg);R_GPT_Enable(&g_timer0_ctrl);R_GPT_Start(&g_timer0_ctrl);gtp_ptr = (uint32_t *)g_timer0_ctrl.p_reg;ptr = gtp_ptr + 0x48/4;while(1){smStatus1 = ((uint32_t*)gtp_ptr)[0x48/4];smStatus2 = gtp_ptr[0x12];smStatus3 = *ptr;smStatus4 = *(uint32_t*)(0x90002048);}
}
#define HW_EscReadByte(ByteValue, Address) ((ByteValue) = (((UINT8 *) pEsc)[(Address)]))
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直接使用指针访问地址
uint32_t smStatus4 = 0;
smStatus4 = *(uint32_t*)(0x90002048);
四、优化等级和编译器版本
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-none同volatile
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-o1甚至更高优化等级需加volatile
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gcc12版本以上比10.3以下版本，对volatile指针优化有不同
五、总结
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首先volatile修饰是为了告诉编译器
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访问寄存器指针需注意易变属性
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通过offset方式访问寄存器更要注意易变属性
volatile int* p; p指向的数据是易变的int* volatile p; 变量p是易变的volatile int* volatile p; 都是易变的
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编译器版本优化有差异
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volatile int* volatile p;货真价实
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下一节总结volatile和const
