第一题
创建根目录结构中的所有的普通文件
[root@localhost ~]# cd /
[root@localhost /]# mkdir /text
[root@localhost /]# cd /text
[root@localhost text]# mkdir /text/boot /text/root /text/home /text/bin /text/sbin /text/lib /text/lib64 /text/usr /text/opt /text/etc /text/tmp /text/run /text/dev /text/mnt /text/media /text/var /text/srv /text/sys /text/proc
[root@localhost var]# mkdir /text/var/log /text/var/spool
[root@localhost var]# cd /text/var/log
[root@localhost log]# mkdir /text/var/log/messages /text/var/log/secure /text/var/log/cron
[root@localhost log]# cd ..
[root@localhost var]# cd /text/var/spool
[root@localhost spool]# mkdir /text/var/spool/mail /text/var/spool/cron
[root@localhost spool]# cd ..
[root@localhost var]# cd ..
[root@localhost text]# cd /text/etc
[root@localhost etc]# mkdir /text/etc/hostmane /text/etc/hosts /text/etc/fstab /text/etc/bashrc /text/etc/chrony.conf /text/etc/ssh /text/etc/passwd /text/etc/shadow /text/etc/sudoers /text/etc/group
[root@localhost etc]# cd /text/etc/ssh
[root@localhost ssh]# mkdir /text/etc/ssh/ssh_config /text/etc/ssh/sshd_config /text/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d
[root@localhost ssh]# cd ..
[root@localhost etc]# cd ..
[root@localhost text]# tree
第二题
列出所有账号的账号名
[root@jky ~]# cut -d ":" /etc/passwd -f1
root
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
mail
operator
games
ftp
nobody
tss
systemd-coredump
dbus
polkitd
avahi
colord
rtkit
pipewire
clevis
sssd
geoclue
flatpak
setroubleshoot
libstoragemgmt
systemd-oom
gdm
cockpit-ws
cockpit-wsinstance
gnome-initial-setup
sshd
chrony
dnsmasq
tcpdump
redhat
xiaohong
xiaoming
nginx
第三题
将/etc/passwd中内容按照冒号隔开的第三个字符从大到小排序后输出所有内容
[root@jky ~]# cut -d ":" -f3 /etc/passwd | sort -nr
65534
2030
2029
2028
2027
2026
2025
2022
1004
1003
1002
1001
1000
999
998
997
996
995
994
993
992
991
985
984
983
982
981
980
979
978
172
81
74
72
70
59
42
14
12
11
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
第四题
列出/etc/passwd中的第20行-25行内容
[root@jky ~]# head -25 /etc/passwd | tail -6
rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin
pipewire:x:996:992:PipeWire System Daemon:/var/run/pipewire:/sbin/nologin
clevis:x:995:991:Clevis Decryption Framework unprivileged user:/var/cache/clevis:/usr/sbin/nologin
sssd:x:994:990:User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologin
geoclue:x:993:989:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin
flatpak:x:992:988:User for flatpak system helper:/:/sbin/nologin
第五题
切割出你的ip地址和mac地址
# 切割出来IP地址
[root@jky ~]# ip a | grep ens160
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
inet 192.168.247.128/24 brd 192.168.247.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
[root@jky ~]# ip a | grep ens160 | grep inet | cut -d "/" -f1
inet 192.168.247.128
# 切割出来MAC地址
（1）环回的MAC地址
[root@jky ~]# ip a | grep lo
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet 192.168.247.128/24 brd 192.168.247.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
[root@jky ~]# ip a | grep lo | grep link
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
[root@jky ~]# ip a | grep lo | grep link | cut -d " " -f6
00:00:00:00:00:00
（2）以太网接口 ens160 的 MAC 地址
[root@jky ~]# ip a | grep link/ether
link/ether 00:0c:29:f5:84:74 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@jky ~]# ip a | grep link/ether | cut -d " " -f6
00:0c:29:f5:84:74
第六题
切割出/etc/passwd中的最后一个字段并进行重复内容的重复次数统计
[root@jky ~]# cut -d ":" -f7 /etc/passwd | sort
[root@jky ~]# cut -d ":" -f7 /etc/passwd | sort | uniq -c
13 /bin/bash
1 /bin/sync
1 /sbin/halt
28 /sbin/nologin
1 /sbin/shutdown
5 /usr/sbin/nologin
[root@jky ~]# cut -d ":" -f7 /etc/passwd | sort | uniq -c
