Linux 逻辑卷管理
Linux 逻辑卷管理
文章目录
- Linux 逻辑卷管理
- 创建物理卷 卷组 逻辑卷
- 扩展和缩减卷组
- 扩展和缩减逻辑卷
- 扩展 XFS 文件系统
- 扩展 EXT4 文件系统
- 缩减 EXT4 文件系统
- 逻辑卷快照
- raid 逻辑卷
- 小总结
- 删除丢失的物理卷
- 扩容回来
- 修复raid1 逻辑卷
- 扫描物理卷变化
创建物理卷 卷组 逻辑卷
#创建物理卷[root@server ~ 13:29:56]# pvcreate /dev/sdbPhysical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.[root@server ~ 13:35:48]# pvcreate /dev/sd{c,d}Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created.Physical volume "/dev/sdd" successfully created.[root@server ~ 13:36:04]# pvsPV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 centos lvm2 a-- <199.00g 4.00m/dev/sdb lvm2 --- 20.00g 20.00g/dev/sdc lvm2 --- 20.00g 20.00g/dev/sdd lvm2 --- 20.00g 20.00g#创建卷组[root@server ~ 13:36:10]# vgcreate webapp /dev/sdbVolume group "webapp" successfully created
[root@server ~ 13:36:43]# vgcreate dbapp /dev/sd{c,d}Volume group "dbapp" successfully created[root@server ~ 13:37:11]# pvsPV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 centos lvm2 a-- <199.00g 4.00m/dev/sdb webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <20.00g/dev/sdc dbapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <20.00g/dev/sdd dbapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <20.00g[root@server ~ 13:37:13]# vgsVG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree centos 1 3 0 wz--n- <199.00g 4.00mdbapp 2 0 0 wz--n- 39.99g 39.99gwebapp 1 0 0 wz--n- <20.00g <20.00g#创建逻辑卷[root@server ~ 13:37:21]# lvcreate -n webapp01 -L 5G webappLogical volume "webapp01" created.[root@server ~ 13:38:19]# lvcreate -n data01 -L 25G dbappLogical volume "data01" created.[root@server ~ 13:38:33]# lvsLV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Converthome centos -wi-ao---- <145.12g root centos -wi-ao---- 50.00g swap centos -wi-ao---- <3.88g data01 dbapp -wi-a----- 25.00g webapp01 webapp -wi-a----- 5.00g
[root@server ~ 13:38:37]# ls -l /dev/dbapp/data01 /dev/mapper/dbapp-data01lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 14 13:38 /dev/dbapp/data01 -> ../dm-4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 14 13:38 /dev/mapper/dbapp-data01 -> ../dm-4[root@server ~ 13:38:57]# pvsPV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 centos lvm2 a-- <199.00g 4.00m/dev/sdb webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <15.00g/dev/sdc dbapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g 0 /dev/sdd dbapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g 14.99g[root@server ~ 13:39:11]# lsblk /dev/sd{b..d}
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
└─webapp-webapp01 253:3 0 5G 0 lvm
sdc 8:32 0 20G 0 disk
└─dbapp-data01 253:4 0 25G 0 lvm
sdd 8:48 0 20G 0 disk
└─dbapp-data01 253:4 0 25G 0 lvm [root@server ~ 13:39:35]# mkfs.xfs /dev/webapp/webapp01
meta-data=/dev/webapp/webapp01 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=327680 blks= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=1310720, imaxpct=25= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@server ~ 13:41:03]# mkdir -p /webapp/webapp01[root@server ~ 13:41:24]# mount /dev/webapp/webapp01 /webapp/webapp01[root@server ~ 13:41:37]# df -h /webapp/webapp01
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/webapp-webapp01 5.0G 33M 5.0G 1% /webapp/webapp01[root@server ~ 13:41:45]# lsblk /dev/sd{b..d}
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
└─webapp-webapp01 253:3 0 5G 0 lvm /webapp/webapp01
sdc 8:32 0 20G 0 disk
└─dbapp-data01 253:4 0 25G 0 lvm
sdd 8:48 0 20G 0 disk
└─dbapp-data01 253:4 0 25G 0 lvm [root@server ~ 13:42:18]# cp /etc/ho* /webapp/webapp01[root@server ~ 13:42:44]# ls /webapp/webapp01
host.conf hostname hosts hosts.allow hosts.deny#清理[root@server ~ 13:42:50]# umount /webapp/webapp01
[root@server ~ 13:52:08]# lvremove /dev/webapp/webapp01 /dev/dbapp/data01
Do you really want to remove active logical volume webapp/webapp01? [y/n]: yLogical volume "webapp01" successfully removed
Do you really want to remove active logical volume dbapp/data01? [y/n]: yLogical volume "data01" successfully removed
[root@server ~ 13:52:23]# vgremove webapp dbappVolume group "webapp" successfully removedVolume group "dbapp" successfully removed[root@server ~ 13:52:29]# pvremove /dev/sd{b..d}Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully wiped.Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully wiped.Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdd" successfully wiped.[root@server ~ 13:52:34]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 199G 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /├─centos-swap 253:1 0 3.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]└─centos-home 253:2 0 145.1G 0 lvm /home
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 20G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 20G 0 disk
sde 8:64 0 20G 0 disk
sdf 8:80 0 20G 0 disk
sdg 8:96 0 20G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 4.4G 0 rom [root@server ~ 13:52:39]# pvsPV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree/dev/sda2 centos lvm2 a-- <199.00g 4.00m
#pccreate后直接清除,但是不彻底，故不推荐[root@server ~ 13:52:51]#wipefs -a /dev/sd{b..d}#查看
[root@server ~ 13:53:20]# wipefs /dev/sd{b..d}
扩展和缩减卷组
#扩展和缩减卷组[root@server ~ 13:53:40]# vgcreate webapp /dev/sdbPhysical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.Volume group "webapp" successfully created[root@server ~ 14:09:24]# lvcreate -n webapp01 -L 10G webapp
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/webapp/webapp01 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: yWiping xfs signature on /dev/webapp/webapp01.Logical volume "webapp01" created.[root@server ~ 14:09:41]# pvsPV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 centos lvm2 a-- <199.00g 4.00m/dev/sdb webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <10.00g[root@server ~ 14:09:53]# vgextend webapp /dev/sd{c,d}Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created.Physical volume "/dev/sdd" successfully created.Volume group "webapp" successfully extended[root@server ~ 14:10:07]# pvsPV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 centos lvm2 a-- <199.00g 4.00m/dev/sdb webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <10.00g/dev/sdc webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <20.00g/dev/sdd webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <20.00g[root@server ~ 14:10:11]# lvsLV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Converthome centos -wi-ao---- <145.12g root centos -wi-ao---- 50.00g swap centos -wi-ao---- <3.88g webapp01 webapp -wi-a----- 10.00g
[root@server ~ 14:10:17]# vgsVG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree centos 1 3 0 wz--n- <199.00g 4.00mwebapp 3 1 0 wz--n- <59.99g <49.99g
[root@server ~ 14:10:34]# pvsPV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 centos lvm2 a-- <199.00g 4.00m/dev/sdb webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <10.00g/dev/sdc webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <20.00g/dev/sdd webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <20.00g[root@server ~ 14:10:51]# vgreduce webapp /dev/sdbPhysical volume "/dev/sdb" still in use[root@server ~ 14:11:12]# pvremove /dev/sdb /dev/sddPV /dev/sdb is used by VG webapp so please use vgreduce first.(If you are certain you need pvremove, then confirm by using --force twice.)/dev/sdb: physical volume label not removed.PV /dev/sdd is used by VG webapp so please use vgreduce first.(If you are certain you need pvremove, then confirm by using --force twice.)/dev/sdd: physical volume label not removed.[root@server ~ 14:11:42]# pvsPV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 centos lvm2 a-- <199.00g 4.00m/dev/sdb webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <10.00g/dev/sdc webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <20.00g/dev/sdd webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <20.00g
[root@server ~ 14:11:48]# pvmove /dev/sdb /dev/sdd/dev/sdb: Moved: 0.27%/dev/sdb: Moved: 100.00%[root@server ~ 14:12:48]# pvsPV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 centos lvm2 a-- <199.00g 4.00m/dev/sdb webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <20.00g/dev/sdc webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <20.00g/dev/sdd webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <10.00g
[root@server ~ 14:12:53]# vgreduce webapp /dev/sdbRemoved "/dev/sdb" from volume group "webapp"[root@server ~ 14:13:05]# pvsPV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 centos lvm2 a-- <199.00g 4.00m/dev/sdb lvm2 --- 20.00g 20.00g/dev/sdc webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <20.00g/dev/sdd webapp lvm2 a-- <20.00g <10.00g扩展和缩减逻辑卷
#扩展和缩减逻辑卷[root@server ~ 14:13:07]# lvextend -L +2G /dev/webapp/webapp01Size of logical volume webapp/webapp01 changed from 10.00 GiB (2560 extents) to 12.00 GiB (3072 extents).Logical volume webapp/webapp01 successfully resized.[root@server ~ 14:13:32]# lvsLV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Converthome centos -wi-ao---- <145.12g root centos -wi-ao---- 50.00g swap centos -wi-ao---- <3.88g webapp01 webapp -wi-a----- 12.00g
[root@server ~ 14:13:35]# lvs /dev/webapp/webapp01LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convertwebapp01 webapp -wi-a----- 12.00g
[root@server ~ 14:13:42]# lvreduce -L -2G /dev/webapp/webapp01WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 10.00 GiB.THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce webapp/webapp01? [y/n]: ySize of logical volume webapp/webapp01 changed from 12.00 GiB (3072 extents) to 10.00 GiB (2560 extents).Logical volume webapp/webapp01 successfully resized.[root@server ~ 14:13:53]# lvs /dev/webapp/webapp01LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convertwebapp01 webapp -wi-a----- 10.00g
扩展 XFS 文件系统
#XFS文件系统只支持扩展，不支持缩减[root@server ~ 14:14:06]# mkfs.xfs /dev/webapp/webapp01
meta-data=/dev/webapp/webapp01 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=655360 blks= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2621440, imaxpct=25= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0[root@server ~ 14:50:10]# mkdir -p /var/www/html[root@server ~ 14:50:15]# mount /dev/webapp/webapp01 /var/www/html[root@server ~ 14:50:24]# cp /etc/host* /var/www/html[root@server ~ 14:50:30]# df -h /var/www/html
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/webapp-webapp01 10G 33M 10G 1% /var/www/html[root@server ~ 14:50:47]# ls /var/www/html
host.conf hostname hosts hosts.allow hosts.deny[root@server ~ 14:50:54]# #lvextend -L 30G /dev/webapp/webapp01[root@server ~ 14:51:50]# lvs /dev/webapp/webapp01LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convertwebapp01 webapp -wi-ao---- 10.00g
[root@server ~ 14:51:56]# lvextend -L 15G /dev/webapp/webapp01Size of logical volume webapp/webapp01 changed from 10.00 GiB (2560 extents) to 15.00 GiB (3840 extents).Logical volume webapp/webapp01 successfully resized.
[root@server ~ 14:52:17]# lvs /dev/webapp/webapp01LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convertwebapp01 webapp -wi-ao---- 15.00g
[root@server ~ 14:52:21]# xfs_growfs /var/www/html
meta-data=/dev/mapper/webapp-webapp01 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=655360 blks= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2621440, imaxpct=25= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 2621440 to 3932160[root@server ~ 14:52:30]# df -h /var/www/html
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/webapp-webapp01 15G 33M 15G 1% /var/www/html[root@server ~ 14:52:35]# ls /var/www/html
host.conf hostname hosts hosts.allow hosts.deny[root@server ~ 14:52:52]# lvextend -rL 20G /dev/webapp/webapp01Size of logical volume webapp/webapp01 changed from 15.00 GiB (3840 extents) to 20.00 GiB (5120 extents).Logical volume webapp/webapp01 successfully resized.
meta-data=/dev/mapper/webapp-webapp01 isize=512 agcount=6, agsize=655360 blks= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=3932160, imaxpct=25= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 3932160 to 5242880[root@server ~ 14:53:00]# lvs /dev/webapp/webapp01LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convertwebapp01 webapp -wi-ao---- 20.00g
[root@server ~ 14:53:08]# df -h /var/www/html
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/webapp-webapp01 20G 33M 20G 1% /var/www/html扩展 EXT4 文件系统
#EXT4文件系统即支持扩展，也支持缩减#扩展 EXT4 [root@server ~ 14:54:04]# umount /var/www/html[root@server ~ 14:54:17]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/webapp/webapp01
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1310720 inodes, 5242880 blocks
262144 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2153775104
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done [root@server ~ 14:54:25]# mount /dev/webapp/webapp01 /var/www/html[root@server ~ 14:54:30]# df -h /var/www/html
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/webapp-webapp01 20G 45M 19G 1% /var/www/html[root@server ~ 14:54:35]# cp /etc/host* /var/www/html
[root@server ~ 14:54:53]# ls /var/www/html
host.conf hostname hosts hosts.allow hosts.deny lost+found[root@server ~ 14:54:57]# lvs /dev/webapp/webapp01LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convertwebapp01 webapp -wi-ao---- 20.00g
[root@server ~ 14:55:09]# lvextend -L 25G /dev/webapp/webapp01 Size of logical volume webapp/webapp01 changed from 20.00 GiB (5120 extents) to 25.00 GiB (6400 extents).Logical volume webapp/webapp01 successfully resized.[root@server ~ 14:55:36]# lvs /dev/webapp/webapp01LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convertwebapp01 webapp -wi-ao---- 25.00g
[root@server ~ 14:55:39]# resize2fs /dev/webapp/webapp01
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/webapp/webapp01 is mounted on /var/www/html; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 4
The filesystem on /dev/webapp/webapp01 is now 6553600 blocks long.[root@server ~ 14:55:49]# df -h /var/www/html
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/webapp-webapp01 25G 44M 24G 1% /var/www/html[root@server ~ 14:55:57]# ls /var/www/html
host.conf hostname hosts hosts.allow hosts.deny lost+found[root@server ~ 14:56:31]# lvextend -rL 30G /dev/webapp/webapp01Size of logical volume webapp/webapp01 changed from 25.00 GiB (6400 extents) to 30.00 GiB (7680 extents).Logical volume webapp/webapp01 successfully resized.
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/webapp-webapp01 is mounted on /var/www/html; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 4, new_desc_blocks = 4
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/webapp-webapp01 is now 7864320 blocks long.[root@server ~ 14:56:38]# lvs /dev/webapp/webapp01LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convertwebapp01 webapp -wi-ao---- 30.00g
[root@server ~ 14:56:44]# df -h /var/www/html
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/webapp-webapp01 30G 44M 28G 1% /var/www/html缩减 EXT4 文件系统
#缩减 EXT4 #卸载文件系统[root@server ~ 14:56:49]# umount /var/www/html[root@server ~ 14:57:59]# resize2fs /dev/webapp/webapp01 10G
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Please run 'e2fsck -f /dev/webapp/webapp01' first.#e2fsck 文件系统[root@server ~ 14:58:17]# e2fsck -f /dev/webapp/webapp01
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/webapp/webapp01: 16/1966080 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 167447/7864320 blocks#缩减文件系统[root@server ~ 14:58:23]# resize2fs /dev/webapp/webapp01 10G
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/webapp/webapp01 to 2621440 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/webapp/webapp01 is now 2621440 blocks long.[root@server ~ 14:58:27]# df -h /var/www/html
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 50G 1.6G 49G 4% /
[root@server ~ 14:58:40]# lvs /dev/webapp/webapp01LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convertwebapp01 webapp -wi-a----- 30.00g
#缩减lv[root@server ~ 14:59:01]# lvreduce -L 10G /dev/webapp/webapp01WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 10.00 GiB.THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce webapp/webapp01? [y/n]: ySize of logical volume webapp/webapp01 changed from 30.00 GiB (7680 extents) to 10.00 GiB (2560 extents).Logical volume webapp/webapp01 successfully resized.
[root@server ~ 14:59:08]# lvs /dev/webapp/webapp01LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convertwebapp01 webapp -wi-a----- 10.00g
#挂载测试[root@server ~ 14:59:10]# mount /dev/webapp/webapp01 /var/www/html
[root@server ~ 14:59:15]# df -h /var/www/html
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/webapp-webapp01 9.8G 37M 9.2G 1% /var/www/html
[root@server ~ 14:59:22]# ls /var/www/html
host.conf hostname hosts hosts.allow hosts.deny lost+found逻辑卷快照
# 创建快照：快照的容量不能小于lv容量
lvcreate -s -n webapp01-snap1 -L 10G /dev/webapp/webapp01# 挂载快照
mount /dev/webapp/webapp01-snap1 /webapp/webapp01/# 查看数据
ls /webapp/webapp01/
raid 逻辑卷
#准备环境umount /webapp/webapp0
umount /var/www/html
lvremove /dev/webapp/webapp01*#创建 raid1 逻辑卷lvcreate --type raid1 -n webapp01 -L 15G webappmkfs.xfs /dev/webapp/webapp01mount /dev/webapp/webapp01 /var/www/html/cp /etc/ho* /var/www/html/#模拟故障dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdd bs=1M count=256#此时文件系统仍可以正方访问ls /var/www/html/umount /var/www/htmlmount /dev/webapp/webapp01 /var/www/html/#修复raid# 删除丢失的物理卷
vgreduce --removemissing webapp --force# 扩容回来
vgextend webapp /dev/sdd# 修复raid1 逻辑卷
lvconvert --repair /dev/webapp/webapp01# 扫描物理卷变化
pvscan#验证
pvs|grep webap
小总结
硬盘管理：
- 磁盘分区
单个盘空间太大，大分小
缺点：分区的空间大小不好调整。 - raid
文件系统需要的空间超过单个硬盘。
缺点：分区的空间大小不好调整。 - LVM logical volume manage
除了支持以上存储管理有点，还支持更多的有点，例如快照功能。
两种类型的区别：
- raid，由多个硬盘组成磁盘组 disk array，raid可以继续分割为分区使用，
- lvm， 由多个硬盘（phycical volume）组成卷组（volume group），vg可以继续分割为lv（logical volume）使用
tml/
umount /var/www/html
mount /dev/webapp/webapp01 /var/www/html/
#修复raid
删除丢失的物理卷
vgreduce --removemissing webapp --force
扩容回来
vgextend webapp /dev/sdd
修复raid1 逻辑卷
lvconvert --repair /dev/webapp/webapp01
扫描物理卷变化
pvscan
#验证
pvs|grep webap
## 小总结硬盘管理：
1. 磁盘分区单个盘空间太大，大分小缺点：分区的空间大小不好调整。
2. raid文件系统需要的空间超过单个硬盘。缺点：分区的空间大小不好调整。
3. LVM logical volume manage除了支持以上存储管理有点，还支持更多的有点，例如快照功能。两种类型的区别：- raid，由多个硬盘组成磁盘组 disk array，raid可以继续分割为分区使用，
- lvm， 由多个硬盘（phycical volume）组成卷组（volume group），vg可以继续分割为lv（logical volume）使用