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ASC学习笔记0014：手动添加一个新的属性集

news 2025/11/15 6:27:01

中文注释：UrealEngine-5.2.1源码-AbilitySystemComponent.h

学习内容：

/** * 手动添加一个新的属性集，作为此能力系统组件的子对象。* 此组件的所有子对象在初始化期间会自动添加。*/template <class T>const T* AddAttributeSetSubobject(T* Subobject){AddSpawnedAttribute(Subobject);return Subobject;}

这是一个用于游戏能力系统组件（Ability System Component）中动态添加属性集（Attribute Set）子对象的方法。让我为您详细解释这个函数：

函数分析

功能说明

目的：手动向能力系统组件添加一个属性集子对象
使用场景：当需要动态添加属性集，而不是在初始化期间自动添加时
返回值：返回添加的属性集指针（const限定）

关键组件

模板函数：支持任何继承自属性集基类的类型
AddSpawnedAttribute：内部方法，实际执行添加操作
返回const指针：防止外部意外修改

使用示例

// 假设有一个自定义属性集类
class UMyCustomAttributeSet : public UAttributeSet
{// 属性定义...
};// 在能力系统组件中使用
UMyCustomAttributeSet* NewAttributeSet = NewObject<UMyCustomAttributeSet>(this);
const UMyCustomAttributeSet* AddedSet = AddAttributeSetSubobject(NewAttributeSet);

设计考虑

灵活性：允许运行时动态添加属性集
类型安全：模板确保类型正确性
所有权明确：组件管理属性集的生命周期
接口一致性：与自动添加的属性集使用相同的基础设施

这种设计在需要条件性添加属性集或支持插件式架构时特别有用。

在实际项目中，AddAttributeSetSubobject 方法在Gameplay Ability System (GAS) 中有广泛的应用。以下是一些典型的使用场景和实际案例：

1. 角色能力组件初始化

基础角色类

// MyCharacter.h
UCLASS()
class AMyCharacter : public ACharacter, public IAbilitySystemInterface
{GENERATED_BODY()public:AMyCharacter();virtual UAbilitySystemComponent* GetAbilitySystemComponent() const override { return AbilitySystemComponent; }protected:UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "Abilities")TObjectPtr<UMyAbilitySystemComponent> AbilitySystemComponent;UPROPERTY()TObjectPtr<UHealthAttributeSet> HealthAttributes;UPROPERTY()TObjectPtr<UManaAttributeSet> ManaAttributes;UPROPERTY()TObjectPtr<UCombatAttributeSet> CombatAttributes;
};// MyCharacter.cpp
AMyCharacter::AMyCharacter()
{// 创建能力系统组件AbilitySystemComponent = CreateDefaultSubobject<UMyAbilitySystemComponent>("AbilitySystemComponent");// 创建并添加属性集HealthAttributes = CreateDefaultSubobject<UHealthAttributeSet>("HealthAttributes");ManaAttributes = CreateDefaultSubobject<UManaAttributeSet>("ManaAttributes");CombatAttributes = CreateDefaultSubobject<UCombatAttributeSet>("CombatAttributes");// 设置组件依附关系AbilitySystemComponent->SetupAttachment(RootComponent);
}

自定义能力系统组件

// MyAbilitySystemComponent.h
UCLASS()
class UMyAbilitySystemComponent : public UAbilitySystemComponent
{GENERATED_BODY()public:template <class T>const T* AddAttributeSetSubobject(T* Subobject){AddSpawnedAttribute(Subobject);return Subobject;}protected:virtual void AddSpawnedAttribute(UAttributeSet* AttributeSet);
};// MyAbilitySystemComponent.cpp
void UMyAbilitySystemComponent::AddSpawnedAttribute(UAttributeSet* AttributeSet)
{if (AttributeSet){SpawnedAttributes.Add(AttributeSet);AddAttributeSetSubobject(AttributeSet);// 触发属性集初始化事件OnAttributeSetAdded.Broadcast(AttributeSet);}
}

2. 复杂的职业系统

不同职业的属性配置

// WarriorCharacter.cpp
AWarriorCharacter::AWarriorCharacter()
{AbilitySystemComponent = CreateDefaultSubobject<UMyAbilitySystemComponent>("AbilitySystemComponent");// 战士特有属性集HealthAttributes = AbilitySystemComponent->AddAttributeSetSubobject(CreateDefaultSubobject<UHealthAttributeSet>("HealthAttributes"));StaminaAttributes = AbilitySystemComponent->AddAttributeSetSubobject(CreateDefaultSubobject<UStaminaAttributeSet>("StaminaAttributes"));StrengthAttributes = AbilitySystemComponent->AddAttributeSetSubobject(CreateDefaultSubobject<UStrengthAttributeSet>("StrengthAttributes"));DefenseAttributes = AbilitySystemComponent->AddAttributeSetSubobject(CreateDefaultSubobject<UDefenseAttributeSet>("DefenseAttributes"));
}// MageCharacter.cpp
AMageCharacter::AMageCharacter()
{AbilitySystemComponent = CreateDefaultSubobject<UMyAbilitySystemComponent>("AbilitySystemComponent");// 法师特有属性集HealthAttributes = AbilitySystemComponent->AddAttributeSetSubobject(CreateDefaultSubobject<UHealthAttributeSet>("HealthAttributes"));ManaAttributes = AbilitySystemComponent->AddAttributeSetSubobject(CreateDefaultSubobject<UManaAttributeSet>("ManaAttributes"));IntelligenceAttributes = AbilitySystemComponent->AddAttributeSetSubobject(CreateDefaultSubobject<UIntelligenceAttributeSet>("IntelligenceAttributes"));SpellPowerAttributes = AbilitySystemComponent->AddAttributeSetSubobject(CreateDefaultSubobject<USpellPowerAttributeSet>("SpellPowerAttributes"));
}

3. 动态属性集管理

运行时添加/移除属性集

// 动态添加临时属性集（如增益效果）
void UMyAbilitySystemComponent::AddTemporaryAttributeSet(UAttributeSet* TempAttributeSet)
{if (TempAttributeSet && !TemporaryAttributeSets.Contains(TempAttributeSet)){AddAttributeSetSubobject(TempAttributeSet);TemporaryAttributeSets.Add(TempAttributeSet);// 通知属性变化ForceReplication();}
}void UMyAbilitySystemComponent::RemoveTemporaryAttributeSet(UAttributeSet* TempAttributeSet)
{if (TemporaryAttributeSets.Remove(TempAttributeSet)){RemoveSpawnedAttribute(TempAttributeSet);}
}

4. 装备系统集成

装备提供的属性集

// EquipmentComponent.cpp
void UEquipmentComponent::OnEquipmentEquipped(UEquipmentItem* Equipment)
{if (Equipment && Equipment->GrantedAttributeSet){// 为装备创建属性集实例UAttributeSet* EquipmentAttributeSet = NewObject<UAttributeSet>(GetOwner(), Equipment->GrantedAttributeSet);// 添加到能力系统组件if (UAbilitySystemComponent* ASC = GetOwnerAbilitySystemComponent()){if (UMyAbilitySystemComponent* MyASC = Cast<UMyAbilitySystemComponent>(ASC)){MyASC->AddAttributeSetSubobject(EquipmentAttributeSet);EquippedAttributeSets.Add(EquipmentAttributeSet);}}}
}

5. 状态效果系统

状态效果属性集

// StatusEffectComponent.cpp
void UStatusEffectComponent::ApplyStatusEffect(FStatusEffectHandle EffectHandle)
{if (UStatusEffect* StatusEffect = EffectHandle.GetEffect()){// 创建状态效果属性集UStatusEffectAttributeSet* EffectAttributeSet = NewObject<UStatusEffectAttributeSet>(this);EffectAttributeSet->InitializeFromEffect(StatusEffect);// 添加到能力系统if (UMyAbilitySystemComponent* MyASC = GetMyAbilitySystemComponent()){MyASC->AddAttributeSetSubobject(EffectAttributeSet);ActiveEffectAttributeSets.Add(EffectHandle, EffectAttributeSet);}}
}

6. 网络同步优化

属性复制配置

// 在属性集中配置网络同步
UCLASS()
class UHealthAttributeSet : public UAttributeSet
{GENERATED_BODY()public:UPROPERTY(BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "Health", ReplicatedUsing = OnRep_Health)FGameplayAttributeData Health;UPROPERTY(BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "Health", ReplicatedUsing = OnRep_MaxHealth)FGameplayAttributeData MaxHealth;// 复制通知UFUNCTION()void OnRep_Health(const FGameplayAttributeData& OldHealth);UFUNCTION()void OnRep_MaxHealth(const FGameplayAttributeData& OldMaxHealth);// 网络复制virtual void GetLifetimeReplicatedProps(TArray<FLifetimeProperty>& OutLifetimeProps) const override;
};