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.NET驾驭Excel之力：工作簿与工作表操作基础

news 2025/11/14 6:37:34

在Excel自动化开发中，工作簿（Workbook）和工作表（Worksheet）是核心的操作对象。熟练掌握工作簿与工作表的操作是构建高效Excel自动化应用的基础。本章将深入探讨MudTools.OfficeInterop.Excel库中关于工作簿和工作表的各项操作，包括创建、打开、保存、管理以及各种高级功能。

工作簿基础操作

工作簿的创建与打开

创建工作簿

MudTools.OfficeInterop.Excel提供了多种创建工作簿的方式：

using System;
using MudTools.OfficeInterop;
using MudTools.OfficeInterop.Excel;namespace WorkbookCreationExample
{class Program{static void Main(string[] args){Console.WriteLine("=== 工作簿创建示例 ===");try{// 方法1：创建空白工作簿CreateBlankWorkbook();// 方法2：基于模板创建工作簿CreateWorkbookFromTemplate();// 方法3：打开现有工作簿OpenExistingWorkbook();// 方法4：创建多个工作簿CreateMultipleWorkbooks();Console.WriteLine("\n✓ 所有工作簿创建示例完成");}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine($"✗ 工作簿创建示例时出错: {ex.Message}");}Console.WriteLine("按任意键退出...");Console.ReadKey();}static void CreateBlankWorkbook(){Console.WriteLine("\n1. 创建空白工作簿");using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;// 设置工作簿属性workbook.Title = "我的第一个工作簿";workbook.Author = Environment.UserName;workbook.Comments = "这是通过MudTools.OfficeInterop.Excel创建的工作簿";// 获取活动工作表var worksheet = workbook.ActiveSheetWrap;// 设置工作表属性worksheet.Name = "数据表";worksheet.Tab.Color = System.Drawing.Color.LightBlue;// 添加示例数据PopulateSampleData(worksheet);// 应用格式ApplyFormatting(worksheet);// 保存工作簿string fileName = $"BlankWorkbookExample_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMddHHmmss}.xlsx";workbook.SaveAs(fileName);Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 空白工作簿创建成功: {fileName}");DisplayWorkbookInfo(workbook);}static void CreateWorkbookFromTemplate(){Console.WriteLine("\n2. 基于模板创建工作簿");// 先检查模板文件是否存在string templatePath = "MonthlyReportTemplate.xltx";if (!File.Exists(templatePath)){Console.WriteLine("  ⚠ 模板文件不存在，创建默认模板");CreateTemplateFile(templatePath);}// 基于模板创建工作簿using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.CreateFrom(templatePath);var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;// 修改模板内容var worksheet = workbook.ActiveSheetWrap;worksheet.Range("B2").Value = "ABC科技有限公司";worksheet.Range("B3").Value = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy年MM月");worksheet.Range("B4").Value = "月度销售报告";// 填充动态数据FillTemplateData(worksheet);// 保存工作簿string fileName = $"TemplateBased_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMddHHmmss}.xlsx";workbook.SaveAs(fileName);Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 基于模板的工作簿创建成功: {fileName}");}static void OpenExistingWorkbook(){Console.WriteLine("\n3. 打开现有工作簿");// 先创建一个测试文件string testFile = "TestWorkbook.xlsx";CreateTestWorkbook(testFile);// 打开现有工作簿using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.Open(testFile);var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;// 显示工作簿信息DisplayWorkbookInfo(workbook);// 修改工作簿var worksheet = workbook.ActiveSheetWrap;worksheet.Range("A10").Value = $"打开时间: {DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss}";// 保存修改string newFileName = $"OpenedAndModified_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMddHHmmss}.xlsx";workbook.SaveAs(newFileName);Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 现有工作簿打开并修改成功: {newFileName}");}static void CreateMultipleWorkbooks(){Console.WriteLine("\n4. 创建多个工作簿");// 创建多个工作簿实例for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++){using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;var worksheet = workbook.ActiveSheetWrap;// 设置工作表名称worksheet.Name = $"工作表{i}";// 添加数据worksheet.Range("A1").Value = $"这是第{i}个工作簿";worksheet.Range("A2").Value = $"创建时间: {DateTime.Now}";// 保存string fileName = $"MultipleWorkbook_{i}_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMddHHmmss}.xlsx";workbook.SaveAs(fileName);Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 工作簿{i}创建成功: {fileName}");}}static void PopulateSampleData(IExcelWorksheet worksheet){// 设置表头string[] headers = { "产品名称", "单价", "数量", "总价", "备注" };for (int i = 0; i < headers.Length; i++){worksheet.Cells[1, i + 1].Value = headers[i];}// 填充示例数据var sampleData = new[]{new { Name = "笔记本电脑", Price = 5999, Quantity = 10 },new { Name = "无线鼠标", Price = 89, Quantity = 25 },new { Name = "机械键盘", Price = 299, Quantity = 8 },new { Name = "显示器", Price = 1299, Quantity = 5 },new { Name = "打印机", Price = 899, Quantity = 3 }};for (int i = 0; i < sampleData.Length; i++){var data = sampleData[i];int row = i + 2;worksheet.Cells[row, 1].Value = data.Name;worksheet.Cells[row, 2].Value = data.Price;worksheet.Cells[row, 3].Value = data.Quantity;worksheet.Cells[row, 4].Formula = $"=B{row}*C{row}"; // 计算总价值}}static void ApplyFormatting(IExcelWorksheet worksheet){// 设置标题行格式var headerRange = worksheet.Range("A1:E1");headerRange.Font.Bold = true;headerRange.Interior.Color = System.Drawing.Color.LightBlue;headerRange.HorizontalAlignment = XlHAlign.xlHAlignCenter;// 设置数字格式worksheet.Range("B2:B6").NumberFormat = "¥#,##0.00";worksheet.Range("D2:D6").NumberFormat = "¥#,##0.00";// 自动调整列宽worksheet.Columns["A:E"].AutoFit();// 设置边框worksheet.Range("A1:E6").Borders.LineStyle = XlLineStyle.xlContinuous;}static void CreateTemplateFile(string templatePath){using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;var worksheet = workbook.ActiveSheetWrap;// 创建模板内容worksheet.Range("A1").Value = "公司名称:";worksheet.Range("A2").Value = "报告月份:";worksheet.Range("A3").Value = "报告标题:";worksheet.Range("A5").Value = "部门";worksheet.Range("B5").Value = "预算";worksheet.Range("C5").Value = "实际";worksheet.Range("D5").Value = "差异";worksheet.Range("E5").Value = "完成率";// 设置模板格式worksheet.Range("A1:A3").Font.Bold = true;worksheet.Range("A5:E5").Font.Bold = true;worksheet.Range("A5:E5").Interior.Color = System.Drawing.Color.LightGreen;// 保存为模板workbook.SaveAs(templatePath, XlFileFormat.xlOpenXMLTemplate);}static void FillTemplateData(IExcelWorksheet worksheet){// 填充示例数据var departments = new[]{new { Name = "销售部", Budget = 500000, Actual = 480000 },new { Name = "市场部", Budget = 200000, Actual = 195000 },new { Name = "技术部", Budget = 300000, Actual = 310000 },new { Name = "人事部", Budget = 150000, Actual = 148000 }};for (int i = 0; i < departments.Length; i++){var dept = departments[i];int row = i + 6;worksheet.Cells[row, 1].Value = dept.Name;worksheet.Cells[row, 2].Value = dept.Budget;worksheet.Cells[row, 3].Value = dept.Actual;worksheet.Cells[row, 4].Formula = $"=C{row}-B{row}"; // 差异worksheet.Cells[row, 5].Formula = $"=C{row}/B{row}"; // 完成率}// 设置数字格式worksheet.Range("B6:E9").NumberFormat = "#,##0";worksheet.Range("E6:E9").NumberFormat = "0.00%";}static void CreateTestWorkbook(string filePath){using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;var worksheet = workbook.ActiveSheetWrap;worksheet.Range("A1").Value = "测试工作簿";worksheet.Range("A2").Value = $"创建时间: {DateTime.Now}";workbook.SaveAs(filePath);}static void DisplayWorkbookInfo(IExcelWorkbook workbook){Console.WriteLine($"  工作簿信息:");Console.WriteLine($"    名称: {workbook.Name}");Console.WriteLine($"    路径: {workbook.FullName}");Console.WriteLine($"    工作表数量: {workbook.Worksheets.Count}");Console.WriteLine($"    是否只读: {workbook.ReadOnly}");Console.WriteLine($"    是否已保存: {workbook.Saved}");}}
}
工作簿打开模式

MudTools.OfficeInterop.Excel支持多种工作簿打开模式：

using System;
using MudTools.OfficeInterop;
using MudTools.OfficeInterop.Excel;namespace WorkbookOpenModesExample
{class Program{static void Main(string[] args){Console.WriteLine("=== 工作簿打开模式示例 ===");try{// 创建测试文件string testFile = "OpenModeTest.xlsx";CreateTestWorkbook(testFile);// 模式1：正常打开（可读写）OpenWorkbookInReadWriteMode(testFile);// 模式2：只读模式OpenWorkbookInReadOnlyMode(testFile);// 模式3：打开并修复OpenWorkbookWithRepair(testFile);// 模式4：打开副本OpenWorkbookAsCopy(testFile);Console.WriteLine("\n✓ 所有打开模式测试完成");}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine($"✗ 打开模式测试时出错: {ex.Message}");}Console.WriteLine("按任意键退出...");Console.ReadKey();}static void OpenWorkbookInReadWriteMode(string filePath){Console.WriteLine("\n1. 正常打开模式（可读写）");using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.Open(filePath);var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;// 验证可写性workbook.ActiveSheetWrap.Range("A3").Value = "正常模式 - 可修改";string newFileName = $"ReadWriteMode_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMddHHmmss}.xlsx";workbook.SaveAs(newFileName);Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 正常模式打开成功，文件已保存为: {newFileName}");}static void OpenWorkbookInReadOnlyMode(string filePath){Console.WriteLine("\n2. 只读模式");// 设置文件为只读属性File.SetAttributes(filePath, FileAttributes.ReadOnly);try{using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.Open(filePath);var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 只读模式打开成功");Console.WriteLine($"    只读状态: {workbook.ReadOnly}");// 尝试修改（应该会失败或创建副本）try{workbook.ActiveSheetWrap.Range("A4").Value = "只读模式 - 尝试修改";workbook.Save();}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine($"  ⚠ 修改失败（预期行为）: {ex.Message}");}}finally{// 恢复文件属性File.SetAttributes(filePath, FileAttributes.Normal);}}static void OpenWorkbookWithRepair(string filePath){Console.WriteLine("\n3. 打开并修复模式");// 注意：这个功能需要特定版本的Excel支持try{// 模拟损坏文件（实际应用中应该检查文件完整性）string corruptedFile = $"Corrupted_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMddHHmmss}.xlsx";File.Copy(filePath, corruptedFile);// 这里可以添加文件损坏的模拟逻辑// 在实际应用中，Excel会自动检测并尝试修复using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.Open(corruptedFile);var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 文件打开成功（可能已自动修复）");// 清理临时文件File.Delete(corruptedFile);}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine($"  ⚠ 打开修复模式测试: {ex.Message}");}}static void OpenWorkbookAsCopy(string filePath){Console.WriteLine("\n4. 打开副本模式");using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.Open(filePath);var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;// 创建副本string copyFileName = $"Copy_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMddHHmmss}.xlsx";workbook.SaveAs(copyFileName);Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 副本创建成功: {copyFileName}");// 验证原文件未被修改var originalInfo = new FileInfo(filePath);var copyInfo = new FileInfo(copyFileName);Console.WriteLine($"    原文件大小: {originalInfo.Length} bytes");Console.WriteLine($"    副本文件大小: {copyInfo.Length} bytes");Console.WriteLine($"    文件是否相同: {originalInfo.Length == copyInfo.Length}");}static void CreateTestWorkbook(string filePath){using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;var worksheet = workbook.ActiveSheetWrap;worksheet.Range("A1").Value = "打开模式测试工作簿";worksheet.Range("A2").Value = $"创建时间: {DateTime.Now}";// 添加测试数据for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++){worksheet.Cells[i + 2, 1].Value = $"测试数据 {i}";worksheet.Cells[i + 2, 2].Value = i * 100;}workbook.SaveAs(filePath);}}
}

工作簿属性与状态管理

工作簿属性操作

工作簿包含丰富的属性信息，可以用于文档管理和元数据存储：

using System;
using MudTools.OfficeInterop;
using MudTools.OfficeInterop.Excel;namespace WorkbookPropertiesExample
{class Program{static void Main(string[] args){Console.WriteLine("=== 工作簿属性操作示例 ===");try{// 创建测试工作簿using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;// 设置内置属性SetBuiltInProperties(workbook);// 设置自定义属性SetCustomProperties(workbook);// 显示属性信息DisplayProperties(workbook);// 保存工作簿string fileName = $"PropertiesExample_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMddHHmmss}.xlsx";workbook.SaveAs(fileName);Console.WriteLine($"\n✓ 工作簿属性设置完成: {fileName}");// 重新打开验证属性VerifyProperties(fileName);}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine($"✗ 属性操作时出错: {ex.Message}");}Console.WriteLine("按任意键退出...");Console.ReadKey();}static void SetBuiltInProperties(IExcelWorkbook workbook){Console.WriteLine("\n设置内置属性:");// 核心属性workbook.Title = "2024年度财务报告";workbook.Subject = "财务数据分析";workbook.Author = Environment.UserName;workbook.Comments = "这是年度财务报告的自动化版本";workbook.Keywords = "财务,报告,2024,数据分析";workbook.Category = "财务文档";// 公司信息workbook.Company = "ABC科技有限公司";workbook.Manager = "张经理";// 状态信息workbook.Status = "已完成";Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 内置属性设置完成");}static void SetCustomProperties(IExcelWorkbook workbook){Console.WriteLine("\n设置自定义属性:");// 添加自定义属性workbook.CustomProperties.Add("DocumentID", Guid.NewGuid().ToString());workbook.CustomProperties.Add("Version", "1.0.0");workbook.CustomProperties.Add("Department", "财务部");workbook.CustomProperties.Add("ProjectCode", "FIN-2024-001");workbook.CustomProperties.Add("Reviewer", "李审核员");workbook.CustomProperties.Add("ApprovalDate", DateTime.Now.AddDays(7).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"));// 数值型自定义属性workbook.CustomProperties.Add("TotalPages", 15);workbook.CustomProperties.Add("RevisionNumber", 1);workbook.CustomProperties.Add("ConfidentialLevel", 2);Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 自定义属性设置完成");}static void DisplayProperties(IExcelWorkbook workbook){Console.WriteLine("\n工作簿属性信息:");// 显示内置属性Console.WriteLine("  内置属性:");Console.WriteLine($"    标题: {workbook.Title}");Console.WriteLine($"    主题: {workbook.Subject}");Console.WriteLine($"    作者: {workbook.Author}");Console.WriteLine($"    备注: {workbook.Comments}");Console.WriteLine($"    公司: {workbook.Company}");Console.WriteLine($"    经理: {workbook.Manager}");Console.WriteLine($"    状态: {workbook.Status}");// 显示自定义属性Console.WriteLine("\n  自定义属性:");foreach (var prop in workbook.CustomProperties){Console.WriteLine($"    {prop.Name}: {prop.Value}");}// 显示统计信息Console.WriteLine("\n  统计信息:");Console.WriteLine($"    名称: {workbook.Name}");Console.WriteLine($"    完整路径: {workbook.FullName}");Console.WriteLine($"    路径: {workbook.Path}");Console.WriteLine($"    文件格式: {workbook.FileFormat}");Console.WriteLine($"    是否只读: {workbook.ReadOnly}");Console.WriteLine($"    是否已保存: {workbook.Saved}");Console.WriteLine($"    工作表数量: {workbook.Worksheets.Count}");// 显示保护状态Console.WriteLine($"    是否受保护: {workbook.ProtectStructure}");if (workbook.ProtectStructure){Console.WriteLine($"    保护密码: {workbook.Password}");}}static void VerifyProperties(string filePath){Console.WriteLine("\n验证属性保存:");using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.Open(filePath);var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;Console.WriteLine($"  重新打开的文件属性:");Console.WriteLine($"    标题: {workbook.Title}");Console.WriteLine($"    作者: {workbook.Author}");Console.WriteLine($"    公司: {workbook.Company}");// 验证自定义属性var docIdProp = workbook.CustomProperties["DocumentID"];if (docIdProp != null){Console.WriteLine($"    文档ID: {docIdProp.Value}");}Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 属性验证完成");}}
}
工作簿状态监控

工作簿状态监控对于确保应用程序的稳定性至关重要：

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using MudTools.OfficeInterop;
using MudTools.OfficeInterop.Excel;namespace WorkbookStateMonitoring
{class Program{static void Main(string[] args){Console.WriteLine("=== 工作簿状态监控示例 ===");try{// 创建状态监控器var monitor = new WorkbookStateMonitor();// 执行监控测试monitor.StartMonitoring();Console.WriteLine("\n✓ 状态监控示例完成");}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine($"✗ 状态监控时出错: {ex.Message}");}Console.WriteLine("按任意键退出...");Console.ReadKey();}}public class WorkbookStateMonitor{private Stopwatch _stopwatch;private List<WorkbookStateRecord> _records;public void StartMonitoring(){_stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();_records = new List<WorkbookStateRecord>();Console.WriteLine("开始工作簿状态监控...");using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;// 记录初始状态RecordState(workbook, "初始状态");// 测试1：常规操作TestNormalOperations(workbook);// 测试2：大量数据操作TestHeavyOperations(workbook);// 测试3：异常情况处理TestExceptionHandling(workbook);// 最终状态记录RecordState(workbook, "最终状态");// 生成监控报告GenerateReport();}private void TestNormalOperations(IExcelWorkbook workbook){Console.WriteLine("\n测试1：常规操作");var worksheet = workbook.ActiveSheetWrap;// 操作1：添加数据for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++){worksheet.Cells[i, 1].Value = $"数据{i}";worksheet.Cells[i, 2].Value = i * 10;if (i % 20 == 0){RecordState(workbook, $"添加数据{i}行");}}// 操作2：应用格式worksheet.Range("A1:B100").Borders.LineStyle = XlLineStyle.xlContinuous;RecordState(workbook, "应用格式");// 操作3：保存workbook.SaveAs("NormalOperations.xlsx");RecordState(workbook, "第一次保存");}private void TestHeavyOperations(IExcelWorkbook workbook){Console.WriteLine("\n测试2：大量数据操作");var worksheet = workbook.ActiveSheetWrap;// 大量数据写入object[,] largeData = new object[1000, 10];for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++){for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++){largeData[i, j] = $"数据{i+1}-{j+1}";}}worksheet.Range("A1:J1000").Value = largeData;RecordState(workbook, "大量数据写入");// 公式计算worksheet.Range("K1").Formula = "=SUM(B:B)";worksheet.Range("K2").Formula = "=AVERAGE(B:B)";worksheet.Range("K3").Formula = "=MAX(B:B)";worksheet.Range("K4").Formula = "=MIN(B:B)";RecordState(workbook, "公式计算");// 再次保存workbook.SaveAs("HeavyOperations.xlsx");RecordState(workbook, "大量操作后保存");}private void TestExceptionHandling(IExcelWorkbook workbook){Console.WriteLine("\n测试3：异常情况处理");try{// 模拟异常操作workbook.ActiveSheetWrap.Range("Z10000").Value = "测试异常";RecordState(workbook, "异常操作前");// 强制触发异常（实际应用中应该避免）// 这里只是演示异常处理机制}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine($"  ⚠ 捕获异常: {ex.Message}");RecordState(workbook, $"异常捕获: {ex.Message}");}// 验证工作簿状态是否正常if (workbook.Saved){Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 工作簿状态正常");}else{Console.WriteLine("  ⚠ 工作簿有未保存的更改");}}private void RecordState(IExcelWorkbook workbook, string operation){var record = new WorkbookStateRecord{Timestamp = _stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds,Operation = operation,IsSaved = workbook.Saved,IsReadOnly = workbook.ReadOnly,WorksheetCount = workbook.Worksheets.Count,MemoryUsage = GetCurrentMemoryUsage()};_records.Add(record);Console.WriteLine($"  [{record.Timestamp}ms] {operation} - 已保存: {record.IsSaved}, 内存: {record.MemoryUsage} KB");}private long GetCurrentMemoryUsage(){return Process.GetCurrentProcess().WorkingSet64 / 1024;}private void GenerateReport(){Console.WriteLine("\n=== 工作簿状态监控报告 ===");if (_records.Count == 0){Console.WriteLine("没有监控记录");return;}var firstRecord = _records.First();var lastRecord = _records.Last();Console.WriteLine($"监控时长: {lastRecord.Timestamp}ms");Console.WriteLine($"操作数量: {_records.Count}");Console.WriteLine($"内存变化: {firstRecord.MemoryUsage} KB → {lastRecord.MemoryUsage} KB");Console.WriteLine($"最终状态: {(lastRecord.IsSaved ? "已保存" : "未保存")}");// 分析性能数据var performanceIssues = _records.Where(r => r.MemoryUsage > 50000) // 内存超过50MB.ToList();if (performanceIssues.Any()){Console.WriteLine("\n⚠ 检测到可能的性能问题:");foreach (var issue in performanceIssues){Console.WriteLine($"  [{issue.Timestamp}ms] {issue.Operation} - 内存: {issue.MemoryUsage} KB");}}else{Console.WriteLine("\n✓ 没有检测到明显的性能问题");}}}public class WorkbookStateRecord{public long Timestamp { get; set; }public string Operation { get; set; }public bool IsSaved { get; set; }public bool IsReadOnly { get; set; }public int WorksheetCount { get; set; }public long MemoryUsage { get; set; }}
}

工作簿保存与关闭

工作簿保存策略

工作簿的保存操作需要考虑多种场景和策略：

using System;
using System.IO;
using MudTools.OfficeInterop;
using MudTools.OfficeInterop.Excel;namespace WorkbookSaveStrategies
{class Program{static void Main(string[] args){Console.WriteLine("=== 工作簿保存策略示例 ===");try{// 策略1：常规保存TestNormalSaveStrategy();// 策略2：增量保存TestIncrementalSaveStrategy();// 策略3：备份保存TestBackupSaveStrategy();// 策略4：自动保存TestAutoSaveStrategy();Console.WriteLine("\n✓ 所有保存策略测试完成");}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine($"✗ 保存策略测试时出错: {ex.Message}");}Console.WriteLine("按任意键退出...");Console.ReadKey();}static void TestNormalSaveStrategy(){Console.WriteLine("\n策略1：常规保存");using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;var worksheet = workbook.ActiveSheetWrap;// 添加数据worksheet.Range("A1").Value = "常规保存测试";for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++){worksheet.Cells[i + 1, 1].Value = $"数据{i}";}// 保存为不同格式string xlsxFile = $"NormalSave_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMddHHmmss}.xlsx";string xlsFile = $"NormalSave_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMddHHmmss}.xls";string csvFile = $"NormalSave_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMddHHmmss}.csv";workbook.SaveAs(xlsxFile);Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ XLSX格式保存: {xlsxFile}");workbook.SaveAs(xlsFile, XlFileFormat.xlExcel8);Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ XLS格式保存: {xlsFile}");workbook.SaveAs(csvFile, XlFileFormat.xlCSV);Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ CSV格式保存: {csvFile}");// 验证文件大小DisplayFileInfo(xlsxFile);DisplayFileInfo(xlsFile);DisplayFileInfo(csvFile);}static void TestIncrementalSaveStrategy(){Console.WriteLine("\n策略2：增量保存");string baseFileName = $"IncrementalSave_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMddHHmmss}";using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;var worksheet = workbook.ActiveSheetWrap;// 分阶段保存for (int stage = 1; stage <= 3; stage++){// 添加阶段数据worksheet.Range($"A{stage}").Value = $"阶段{stage}数据";for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++){worksheet.Cells[stage * 10 + i, 1].Value = $"阶段{stage}-数据{i}";}// 增量保存string fileName = $"{baseFileName}_Stage{stage}.xlsx";workbook.SaveAs(fileName);Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 阶段{stage}保存: {fileName}");DisplayFileInfo(fileName);}}static void TestBackupSaveStrategy(){Console.WriteLine("\n策略3：备份保存");string originalFile = $"BackupSave_Original_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMddHHmmss}.xlsx";string backupDir = "Backups";// 创建备份目录if (!Directory.Exists(backupDir)){Directory.CreateDirectory(backupDir);}using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;var worksheet = workbook.ActiveSheetWrap;// 初始保存worksheet.Range("A1").Value = "备份保存测试";workbook.SaveAs(originalFile);Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 原始文件保存: {originalFile}");// 多次修改并备份for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++){worksheet.Range($"A{i + 1}").Value = $"修改版本{i}";// 保存主文件workbook.Save();// 创建备份string backupFile = Path.Combine(backupDir, $"Backup_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMddHHmmss}_v{i}.xlsx");File.Copy(originalFile, backupFile, true);Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 版本{i}备份: {backupFile}");}// 显示备份文件信息var backupFiles = Directory.GetFiles(backupDir, "*.xlsx");Console.WriteLine($"    备份文件数量: {backupFiles.Length}");}static void TestAutoSaveStrategy(){Console.WriteLine("\n策略4：自动保存");var autoSaveManager = new AutoSaveManager();autoSaveManager.StartAutoSaveTest();}static void DisplayFileInfo(string filePath){if (File.Exists(filePath)){var fileInfo = new FileInfo(filePath);Console.WriteLine($"    文件大小: {fileInfo.Length} bytes");Console.WriteLine($"    创建时间: {fileInfo.CreationTime:HH:mm:ss}");}}}public class AutoSaveManager{private Timer _autoSaveTimer;private int _saveCount;public void StartAutoSaveTest(){Console.WriteLine("  开始自动保存测试...");using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;var worksheet = workbook.ActiveSheetWrap;_saveCount = 0;string baseFileName = $"AutoSave_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMddHHmmss}";// 设置自动保存定时器（每5秒保存一次）_autoSaveTimer = new Timer(_ =>{try{_saveCount++;string fileName = $"{baseFileName}_Auto{_saveCount}.xlsx";// 添加时间戳worksheet.Range($"A{_saveCount}").Value = $"自动保存 {_saveCount} - {DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss}";workbook.SaveAs(fileName);Console.WriteLine($"    ✓ 自动保存 #{_saveCount}: {fileName}");// 测试10次后停止if (_saveCount >= 10){_autoSaveTimer?.Dispose();Console.WriteLine("    ⚠ 自动保存测试完成");}}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine($"    ✗ 自动保存失败: {ex.Message}");}}, null, TimeSpan.Zero, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));// 模拟用户操作for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++){worksheet.Cells[i, 2].Value = $"用户操作数据{i}";Thread.Sleep(1000); // 每秒一次操作if (i % 5 == 0){Console.WriteLine($"    用户操作完成 {i}/20");}}// 等待自动保存完成Thread.Sleep(6000);_autoSaveTimer?.Dispose();Console.WriteLine($"    ✓ 自动保存测试完成，共保存 {_saveCount} 次");}}
}
工作簿关闭与资源清理

正确的工作簿关闭和资源清理是防止内存泄漏的关键：

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using MudTools.OfficeInterop;
using MudTools.OfficeInterop.Excel;namespace WorkbookCloseAndCleanup
{class Program{static void Main(string[] args){Console.WriteLine("=== 工作簿关闭与资源清理示例 ===");try{// 测试正确的关闭方式TestProperClose();// 测试资源泄漏检测TestResourceLeakDetection();// 测试异常情况下的清理TestCleanupOnException();Console.WriteLine("\n✓ 所有关闭与清理测试完成");}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine($"✗ 测试时出错: {ex.Message}");}Console.WriteLine("按任意键退出...");Console.ReadKey();}static void TestProperClose(){Console.WriteLine("\n测试1：正确的关闭方式");long initialMemory = GetCurrentMemoryUsage();// 方式1：使用using语句（推荐）using (var excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook()){var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;workbook.ActiveSheetWrap.Range("A1").Value = "测试数据";workbook.SaveAs("ProperCloseTest.xlsx");// using语句会自动调用Dispose()}long afterUsingMemory = GetCurrentMemoryUsage();Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ Using语句方式 - 内存变化: {initialMemory} → {afterUsingMemory} KB");// 方式2：手动管理（不推荐，仅用于演示）initialMemory = GetCurrentMemoryUsage();IExcelApplication excelApp2 = null;try{excelApp2 = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();var workbook2 = excelApp2.ActiveWorkbook;workbook2.ActiveSheetWrap.Range("A1").Value = "手动管理测试";workbook2.SaveAs("ManualCloseTest.xlsx");}finally{// 手动清理if (excelApp2 != null){excelApp2.Quit();Marshal.FinalReleaseComObject(excelApp2);}}long afterManualMemory = GetCurrentMemoryUsage();Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 手动管理方式 - 内存变化: {initialMemory} → {afterManualMemory} KB");// 强制垃圾回收以观察内存变化GC.Collect();GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();long afterGCMemory = GetCurrentMemoryUsage();Console.WriteLine($"  ⚠ 垃圾回收后内存: {afterGCMemory} KB");}static void TestResourceLeakDetection(){Console.WriteLine("\n测试2：资源泄漏检测");var leakDetector = new ResourceLeakDetector();leakDetector.DetectLeaks();}static void TestCleanupOnException(){Console.WriteLine("\n测试3：异常情况下的清理");long initialMemory = GetCurrentMemoryUsage();try{// 模拟异常情况using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;// 正常操作workbook.ActiveSheetWrap.Range("A1").Value = "异常测试";// 模拟异常throw new InvalidOperationException("测试异常");// 这里的代码不会执行workbook.SaveAs("ExceptionTest.xlsx");}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine($"  ⚠ 捕获异常: {ex.Message}");// 验证资源是否已正确清理long afterExceptionMemory = GetCurrentMemoryUsage();Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 异常处理后内存: {afterExceptionMemory} KB");// 强制垃圾回收GC.Collect();GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();long afterGCMemory = GetCurrentMemoryUsage();Console.WriteLine($"  ⚠ 垃圾回收后内存: {afterGCMemory} KB");if (afterGCMemory <= initialMemory + 1000) // 允许1MB的波动{Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 资源清理正常，没有明显泄漏");}else{Console.WriteLine("  ⚠ 检测到可能的资源泄漏");}}}static long GetCurrentMemoryUsage(){return Process.GetCurrentProcess().WorkingSet64 / 1024;}}public class ResourceLeakDetector{public void DetectLeaks(){Console.WriteLine("  开始资源泄漏检测...");long initialMemory = GetCurrentMemoryUsage();// 创建多个工作簿但不正确清理for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++){// 错误的方式：不释放资源var excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;workbook.ActiveSheetWrap.Range("A1").Value = $"泄漏测试{i}";// 不调用Dispose()，模拟泄漏if (i < 4) // 前4个不释放，最后一个正确释放{Console.WriteLine($"    ⚠ 故意不释放工作簿{i + 1}");}else{Console.WriteLine($"    ✓ 正确释放工作簿{i + 1}");excelApp.Dispose();}Thread.Sleep(500);}long afterCreationMemory = GetCurrentMemoryUsage();Console.WriteLine($"    创建后内存: {afterCreationMemory} KB (增加: {afterCreationMemory - initialMemory} KB)");// 强制垃圾回收GC.Collect();GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();long afterGCMemory = GetCurrentMemoryUsage();Console.WriteLine($"    垃圾回收后内存: {afterGCMemory} KB");// 分析泄漏情况long memoryIncrease = afterGCMemory - initialMemory;if (memoryIncrease > 5000) // 超过5MB认为有泄漏{Console.WriteLine($"    ⚠ 检测到可能的资源泄漏，内存增加: {memoryIncrease} KB");}else{Console.WriteLine("    ✓ 没有检测到明显的资源泄漏");}// 建议的最佳实践Console.WriteLine("\n  资源管理最佳实践:");Console.WriteLine("    1. 始终使用using语句");Console.WriteLine("    2. 避免在循环中创建大量COM对象");Console.WriteLine("    3. 定期调用GC.Collect()（谨慎使用）");Console.WriteLine("    4. 监控应用程序内存使用情况");}private long GetCurrentMemoryUsage(){return Process.GetCurrentProcess().WorkingSet64 / 1024;}}
}

工作表基础操作

工作表创建与管理

工作表创建与配置

工作表是Excel工作簿的核心组成部分，MudTools.OfficeInterop.Excel提供了丰富的工作表操作功能：

using System;
using MudTools.OfficeInterop;
using MudTools.OfficeInterop.Excel;namespace WorksheetManagementExample
{class Program{static void Main(string[] args){Console.WriteLine("=== 工作表管理示例 ===");try{// 创建工作簿并管理工作表using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;// 工作表管理操作ManageWorksheets(workbook);// 保存工作簿string fileName = $"WorksheetManagement_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMddHHmmss}.xlsx";workbook.SaveAs(fileName);Console.WriteLine($"\n✓ 工作表管理示例完成: {fileName}");}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine($"✗ 工作表管理时出错: {ex.Message}");}Console.WriteLine("按任意键退出...");Console.ReadKey();}static void ManageWorksheets(IExcelWorkbook workbook){Console.WriteLine("\n1. 工作表基本操作");// 获取默认工作表var defaultSheet = workbook.ActiveSheetWrap;defaultSheet.Name = "主工作表";Console.WriteLine($"  默认工作表: {defaultSheet.Name}");// 创建新工作表Console.WriteLine("\n2. 创建新工作表");for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++){var newSheet = workbook.Worksheets.Add();newSheet.Name = $"数据表{i}";// 设置工作表标签颜色newSheet.Tab.Color = GetTabColor(i);// 在新工作表中添加数据InitializeWorksheet(newSheet, i);Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 创建工作表: {newSheet.Name}");}// 工作表排序和重命名Console.WriteLine("\n3. 工作表排序和重命名");// 重命名工作表var sheetToRename = workbook.Worksheets[2];sheetToRename.Name = "重命名的工作表";Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 重命名工作表: {sheetToRename.Name}");// 移动工作表位置var sheetToMove = workbook.Worksheets["数据表3"];sheetToMove.Move(workbook.Worksheets[1]); // 移动到第一个位置Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 移动工作表位置");// 显示所有工作表信息Console.WriteLine("\n4. 工作表列表");DisplayWorksheetList(workbook);// 工作表保护Console.WriteLine("\n5. 工作表保护");ProtectWorksheets(workbook);}static System.Drawing.Color GetTabColor(int index){return index switch{1 => System.Drawing.Color.LightBlue,2 => System.Drawing.Color.LightGreen,3 => System.Drawing.Color.LightYellow,_ => System.Drawing.Color.LightGray};}static void InitializeWorksheet(IExcelWorksheet worksheet, int sheetNumber){// 设置标题worksheet.Range("A1").Value = $"工作表{sheetNumber} - 示例数据";worksheet.Range("A1").Font.Bold = true;worksheet.Range("A1").Font.Size = 14;// 添加表头string[] headers = { "项目", "数量", "单价", "总价" };for (int i = 0; i < headers.Length; i++){worksheet.Cells[3, i + 1].Value = headers[i];worksheet.Cells[3, i + 1].Font.Bold = true;worksheet.Cells[3, i + 1].Interior.Color = System.Drawing.Color.LightGray;}// 添加示例数据for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++){int row = i + 3;worksheet.Cells[row, 1].Value = $"项目{sheetNumber}-{i}";worksheet.Cells[row, 2].Value = i * 2;worksheet.Cells[row, 3].Value = i * 100;worksheet.Cells[row, 4].Formula = $"=B{row}*C{row}";}// 设置格式worksheet.Range("A3:D8").Borders.LineStyle = XlLineStyle.xlContinuous;worksheet.Columns["A:D"].AutoFit();}static void DisplayWorksheetList(IExcelWorkbook workbook){Console.WriteLine("  工作簿中的工作表:");for (int i = 1; i <= workbook.Worksheets.Count; i++){var sheet = workbook.Worksheets[i];Console.WriteLine($"    {i}. {sheet.Name} (Visible: {sheet.Visible}, Index: {sheet.Index})");}}static void ProtectWorksheets(IExcelWorkbook workbook){// 保护特定工作表var sheetToProtect = workbook.Worksheets["重命名的工作表"];sheetToProtect.Protect("password123", true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true);Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 工作表保护已启用");// 尝试修改受保护的工作表（应该失败）try{sheetToProtect.Range("A1").Value = "尝试修改";Console.WriteLine("  ⚠ 修改成功（不应该发生）");}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 修改被阻止（预期行为）: {ex.Message}");}// 取消保护sheetToProtect.Unprotect("password123");Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 工作表保护已取消");// 验证可以修改sheetToProtect.Range("A1").Value = "现在可以修改";Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 修改成功");}}
}
工作表高级操作

工作表的高级操作包括复制、隐藏、分组等功能：

using System;
using MudTools.OfficeInterop;
using MudTools.OfficeInterop.Excel;namespace WorksheetAdvancedOperations
{class Program{static void Main(string[] args){Console.WriteLine("=== 工作表高级操作示例 ===");try{using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;// 执行高级操作PerformAdvancedOperations(workbook);// 保存工作簿string fileName = $"AdvancedWorksheetOps_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMddHHmmss}.xlsx";workbook.SaveAs(fileName);Console.WriteLine($"\n✓ 高级操作示例完成: {fileName}");}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine($"✗ 高级操作时出错: {ex.Message}");}Console.WriteLine("按任意键退出...");Console.ReadKey();}static void PerformAdvancedOperations(IExcelWorkbook workbook){// 创建基础工作表var mainSheet = workbook.ActiveSheetWrap;mainSheet.Name = "主数据";InitializeMainSheet(mainSheet);Console.WriteLine("\n1. 工作表复制操作");// 复制工作表var copiedSheet = mainSheet.Copy();copiedSheet.Name = "数据备份";Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 工作表复制完成");// 复制到特定位置var specificCopy = mainSheet.Copy(workbook.Worksheets[1]);specificCopy.Name = "前置副本";Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 特定位置复制完成");Console.WriteLine("\n2. 工作表隐藏与显示");// 隐藏工作表var sheetToHide = workbook.Worksheets.Add();sheetToHide.Name = "隐藏的工作表";sheetToHide.Visible = XlSheetVisibility.xlSheetHidden;Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 工作表隐藏完成");// 深度隐藏（用户无法通过界面取消隐藏）var veryHiddenSheet = workbook.Worksheets.Add();veryHiddenSheet.Name = "深度隐藏表";veryHiddenSheet.Visible = XlSheetVisibility.xlSheetVeryHidden;Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 深度隐藏完成");Console.WriteLine("\n3. 工作表分组操作");// 创建分组工作表CreateWorksheetGroup(workbook);Console.WriteLine("\n4. 工作表保护与权限");// 高级保护设置ConfigureAdvancedProtection(workbook);Console.WriteLine("\n5. 工作表事件处理");// 工作表事件演示SetupWorksheetEvents(workbook);}static void InitializeMainSheet(IExcelWorksheet worksheet){worksheet.Range("A1").Value = "主数据表";worksheet.Range("A1").Font.Bold = true;// 添加示例数据for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++){worksheet.Cells[i + 1, 1].Value = $"数据项{i}";worksheet.Cells[i + 1, 2].Value = i * 50;worksheet.Cells[i + 1, 3].Value = DateTime.Now.AddDays(i);}worksheet.Columns["A:C"].AutoFit();}static void CreateWorksheetGroup(IExcelWorkbook workbook){// 创建一组相关的工作表for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++){var groupSheet = workbook.Worksheets.Add();groupSheet.Name = $"季度{i}数据";// 设置相同的格式groupSheet.Range("A1").Value = $"第{i}季度报告";groupSheet.Range("A1").Font.Bold = true;groupSheet.Tab.Color = System.Drawing.Color.LightBlue;Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 创建分组工作表: {groupSheet.Name}");}// 可以选择性地分组这些工作表// 注意：实际分组操作需要通过VBA或用户界面完成Console.WriteLine("  ⚠ 工作表分组通常通过VBA或用户界面完成");}static void ConfigureAdvancedProtection(IExcelWorkbook workbook){var protectedSheet = workbook.Worksheets.Add();protectedSheet.Name = "高级保护表";// 设置允许用户编辑的区域protectedSheet.Range("A1:A10").Value = "可编辑区域";protectedSheet.Range("B1:B10").Value = "受保护区域";// 保护工作表，但允许某些操作protectedSheet.Protect("advanced123", allowFormattingCells: true,allowFormattingColumns: true,allowFormattingRows: true,allowInsertingColumns: false,allowInsertingRows: false,allowInsertingHyperlinks: false,allowDeletingColumns: false,allowDeletingRows: false,allowSorting: true,allowFiltering: true,allowUsingPivotTables: true);Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 高级保护设置完成");// 测试保护效果try{// 尝试在受保护区域修改（应该失败）protectedSheet.Range("B1").Value = "尝试修改";Console.WriteLine("  ⚠ 修改成功（不应该发生）");}catch (Exception){Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 受保护区域修改被阻止（预期行为）");}try{// 尝试在可编辑区域修改（应该成功）protectedSheet.Range("A1").Value = "修改成功";Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 可编辑区域修改成功");}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine($"  ⚠ 可编辑区域修改失败: {ex.Message}");}}static void SetupWorksheetEvents(IExcelWorkbook workbook){var eventSheet = workbook.Worksheets.Add();eventSheet.Name = "事件测试表";// 注意：工作表事件处理需要通过事件处理程序// 这里演示事件处理的基本概念eventSheet.Range("A1").Value = "事件测试区域";eventSheet.Range("A1").Interior.Color = System.Drawing.Color.LightYellow;Console.WriteLine("  ⚠ 工作表事件处理需要额外的事件处理程序配置");Console.WriteLine("    常见事件: SelectionChange, Change, Activate, Deactivate");// 在实际应用中，可以通过EventHandler类来处理事件// var eventHandler = new EventHandler(workbook);// eventHandler.WorksheetSelectionChange += OnWorksheetSelectionChange;}}
}

工作表导航与选择

工作表导航操作

工作表导航是Excel自动化中的基本操作，包括激活、选择、遍历等工作表：

using System;
using MudTools.OfficeInterop;
using MudTools.OfficeInterop.Excel;namespace WorksheetNavigationExample
{class Program{static void Main(string[] args){Console.WriteLine("=== 工作表导航示例 ===");try{using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;// 创建多个工作表用于导航测试CreateNavigationWorksheets(workbook);// 执行导航操作PerformNavigationOperations(workbook);// 保存工作簿string fileName = $"WorksheetNavigation_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMddHHmmss}.xlsx";workbook.SaveAs(fileName);Console.WriteLine($"\n✓ 导航操作示例完成: {fileName}");}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine($"✗ 导航操作时出错: {ex.Message}");}Console.WriteLine("按任意键退出...");Console.ReadKey();}static void CreateNavigationWorksheets(IExcelWorkbook workbook){Console.WriteLine("创建导航测试工作表...");// 重命名默认工作表workbook.ActiveSheetWrap.Name = "首页";// 创建多个工作表for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++){var sheet = workbook.Worksheets.Add();sheet.Name = $"工作表{i}";// 在每个工作表中添加标识sheet.Range("A1").Value = $"这是{sheet.Name}";sheet.Range("A1").Font.Bold = true;sheet.Range("A1").Font.Color = GetSheetColor(i);// 添加导航标记for (int j = 1; j <= 3; j++){sheet.Cells[j + 2, 1].Value = $"导航点{j}";sheet.Cells[j + 2, 2].Value = j * 100;}Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 创建: {sheet.Name}");}}static System.Drawing.Color GetSheetColor(int index){return index switch{1 => System.Drawing.Color.Red,2 => System.Drawing.Color.Blue,3 => System.Drawing.Color.Green,4 => System.Drawing.Color.Orange,5 => System.Drawing.Color.Purple,_ => System.Drawing.Color.Black};}static void PerformNavigationOperations(IExcelWorkbook workbook){Console.WriteLine("\n1. 基础导航操作");// 激活特定工作表var sheet3 = workbook.Worksheets["工作表3"];sheet3.Activate();Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 激活工作表: {sheet3.Name}");// 获取当前活动工作表var activeSheet = workbook.ActiveSheetWrap;Console.WriteLine($"  当前活动工作表: {activeSheet.Name}");Console.WriteLine("\n2. 工作表遍历");// 遍历所有工作表Console.WriteLine("  工作表列表:");foreach (IExcelWorksheet sheet in workbook.Worksheets){string status = sheet == activeSheet ? "[当前]" : "";Console.WriteLine($"    {sheet.Index}. {sheet.Name} {status}");}Console.WriteLine("\n3. 条件导航");// 根据条件导航到特定工作表NavigateByCondition(workbook);Console.WriteLine("\n4. 工作表选择操作");// 选择多个工作表SelectMultipleWorksheets(workbook);Console.WriteLine("\n5. 高级导航技巧");// 使用高级导航技术AdvancedNavigationTechniques(workbook);}static void NavigateByCondition(IExcelWorkbook workbook){// 导航到包含特定内容的工作表foreach (IExcelWorksheet sheet in workbook.Worksheets){// 检查工作表是否包含特定内容var searchValue = sheet.Range("A1").Value?.ToString();if (searchValue != null && searchValue.Contains("工作表3")){sheet.Activate();Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 条件导航到: {sheet.Name}");break;}}// 导航到第一个可见工作表foreach (IExcelWorksheet sheet in workbook.Worksheets){if (sheet.Visible == XlSheetVisibility.xlSheetVisible){sheet.Activate();Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 导航到第一个可见工作表: {sheet.Name}");break;}}}static void SelectMultipleWorksheets(IExcelWorkbook workbook){Console.WriteLine("  选择多个工作表:");// 选择连续的工作表try{workbook.Worksheets["工作表1"].Select();workbook.Worksheets["工作表2"].Select(false); // 添加到选择workbook.Worksheets["工作表3"].Select(false); // 添加到选择Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 选择连续工作表: 工作表1, 工作表2, 工作表3");}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine($"  ⚠ 连续选择失败: {ex.Message}");}// 选择不连续的工作表（需要通过VBA或特定方法）Console.WriteLine("  ⚠ 不连续选择通常通过VBA或特定API完成");}static void AdvancedNavigationTechniques(IExcelWorkbook workbook){Console.WriteLine("\n5. 高级导航技巧");// 技巧1：使用索引导航var firstSheet = workbook.Worksheets[1];firstSheet.Activate();Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 索引导航: {firstSheet.Name}");// 技巧2：使用名称导航（带错误处理）try{var nonExistentSheet = workbook.Worksheets["不存在的工作表"];nonExistentSheet.Activate();}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 错误处理导航: {ex.Message}");}// 技巧3：循环导航Console.WriteLine("  循环导航演示:");for (int i = 1; i <= Math.Min(3, workbook.Worksheets.Count); i++){workbook.Worksheets[i].Activate();Console.WriteLine($"    → 导航到: {workbook.ActiveSheetWrap.Name}");Thread.Sleep(500); // 模拟延迟}// 技巧4：保存和恢复导航状态Console.WriteLine("\n6. 导航状态管理");var navigationManager = new WorksheetNavigationManager(workbook);navigationManager.DemonstrateStateManagement();}}public class WorksheetNavigationManager{private IExcelWorkbook _workbook;private Stack<WorksheetNavigationState> _navigationStack;public WorksheetNavigationManager(IExcelWorkbook workbook){_workbook = workbook;_navigationStack = new Stack<WorksheetNavigationState>();}public void DemonstrateStateManagement(){Console.WriteLine("  导航状态管理演示:");// 保存当前状态SaveCurrentState();Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 保存当前导航状态");// 导航到其他工作表_workbook.Worksheets["工作表4"].Activate();Console.WriteLine($"  → 导航到: {_workbook.ActiveSheetWrap.Name}");// 保存新状态SaveCurrentState();Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 保存新导航状态");// 恢复上一个状态RestorePreviousState();Console.WriteLine($"  ← 恢复到: {_workbook.ActiveSheetWrap.Name}");// 显示导航历史DisplayNavigationHistory();}private void SaveCurrentState(){var state = new WorksheetNavigationState{SheetName = _workbook.ActiveSheetWrap.Name,Timestamp = DateTime.Now,Selection = _workbook.ActiveSheetWrap.Selection?.Address};_navigationStack.Push(state);}private void RestorePreviousState(){if (_navigationStack.Count > 1){_navigationStack.Pop(); // 移除当前状态var previousState = _navigationStack.Peek();// 导航到之前的工作表var targetSheet = _workbook.Worksheets[previousState.SheetName];targetSheet.Activate();}}private void DisplayNavigationHistory(){Console.WriteLine("  导航历史:");int count = 1;foreach (var state in _navigationStack.Reverse()){string currentIndicator = count == _navigationStack.Count ? "[当前]" : "";Console.WriteLine($"    {count}. {state.SheetName} - {state.Timestamp:HH:mm:ss} {currentIndicator}");count++;}}}public class WorksheetNavigationState{public string SheetName { get; set; }public DateTime Timestamp { get; set; }public string Selection { get; set; }}
}

实战应用案例

企业报表系统

多工作表报表生成

在实际企业应用中，经常需要生成包含多个工作表的复杂报表：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using MudTools.OfficeInterop;
using MudTools.OfficeInterop.Excel;namespace EnterpriseReportSystem
{class Program{static void Main(string[] args){Console.WriteLine("=== 企业报表系统示例 ===");try{// 创建报表生成器var reportGenerator = new EnterpriseReportGenerator();// 生成月度财务报告reportGenerator.GenerateMonthlyFinancialReport();// 生成销售分析报告reportGenerator.GenerateSalesAnalysisReport();// 生成员工绩效报告reportGenerator.GenerateEmployeePerformanceReport();Console.WriteLine("\n✓ 所有企业报表生成完成");}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine($"✗ 报表生成时出错: {ex.Message}");}Console.WriteLine("按任意键退出...");Console.ReadKey();}}public class EnterpriseReportGenerator{public void GenerateMonthlyFinancialReport(){Console.WriteLine("\n1. 生成月度财务报告");using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;// 创建封面页CreateReportCover(workbook, "2024年12月财务报告");// 创建资产负债表CreateBalanceSheet(workbook);// 创建利润表CreateIncomeStatement(workbook);// 创建现金流量表CreateCashFlowStatement(workbook);// 创建财务分析页CreateFinancialAnalysis(workbook);// 保存报告string fileName = $"MonthlyFinancialReport_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMddHHmmss}.xlsx";workbook.SaveAs(fileName);Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 月度财务报告生成完成: {fileName}");DisplayReportSummary(workbook);}public void GenerateSalesAnalysisReport(){Console.WriteLine("\n2. 生成销售分析报告");using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;// 销售数据工作表CreateSalesDataSheet(workbook);// 区域分析工作表CreateRegionalAnalysis(workbook);// 产品分析工作表CreateProductAnalysis(workbook);// 趋势分析工作表CreateTrendAnalysis(workbook);string fileName = $"SalesAnalysisReport_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMddHHmmss}.xlsx";workbook.SaveAs(fileName);Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 销售分析报告生成完成: {fileName}");}public void GenerateEmployeePerformanceReport(){Console.WriteLine("\n3. 生成员工绩效报告");using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;// 员工信息表CreateEmployeeInfoSheet(workbook);// 绩效评分表CreatePerformanceRatingSheet(workbook);// 部门汇总表CreateDepartmentSummary(workbook);// 个人发展计划表CreateDevelopmentPlanSheet(workbook);string fileName = $"EmployeePerformanceReport_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMddHHmmss}.xlsx";workbook.SaveAs(fileName);Console.WriteLine($"  ✓ 员工绩效报告生成完成: {fileName}");}private void CreateReportCover(IExcelWorkbook workbook, string reportTitle){var coverSheet = workbook.ActiveSheetWrap;coverSheet.Name = "报告封面";// 设置封面格式coverSheet.Range("A1").Value = reportTitle;coverSheet.Range("A1").Font.Bold = true;coverSheet.Range("A1").Font.Size = 24;coverSheet.Range("A1").Font.Color = System.Drawing.Color.DarkBlue;coverSheet.Range("A3").Value = "公司名称: ABC科技有限公司";coverSheet.Range("A4").Value = $"报告期间: {DateTime.Now:yyyy年MM月}";coverSheet.Range("A5").Value = $"生成时间: {DateTime.Now:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}";coverSheet.Range("A6").Value = $"生成人员: {Environment.UserName}";coverSheet.Range("A8").Value = "报告包含内容:";coverSheet.Range("A8").Font.Bold = true;string[] contents = {"• 资产负债表","• 利润表", "• 现金流量表","• 财务分析"};for (int i = 0; i < contents.Length; i++){coverSheet.Range($"A{i + 9}").Value = contents[i];}// 设置列宽coverSheet.Columns["A"].ColumnWidth = 30;Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 报告封面创建完成");}private void CreateBalanceSheet(IExcelWorkbook workbook){var balanceSheet = workbook.Worksheets.Add();balanceSheet.Name = "资产负债表";balanceSheet.Tab.Color = System.Drawing.Color.LightBlue;// 资产负债表结构balanceSheet.Range("A1").Value = "资产负债表";balanceSheet.Range("A1").Font.Bold = true;balanceSheet.Range("A1").Font.Size = 16;// 资产部分balanceSheet.Range("A3").Value = "资产";balanceSheet.Range("A3").Font.Bold = true;string[] assets = {"货币资金", "应收账款", "存货", "固定资产", "无形资产", "资产总计"};decimal[] assetValues = { 5000000, 2000000, 1500000, 8000000, 1000000, 0 };assetValues[5] = assetValues.Sum(); // 自动计算总计for (int i = 0; i < assets.Length; i++){balanceSheet.Cells[i + 4, 1].Value = assets[i];balanceSheet.Cells[i + 4, 2].Value = assetValues[i];}// 负债和所有者权益部分balanceSheet.Range("A12").Value = "负债和所有者权益";balanceSheet.Range("A12").Font.Bold = true;string[] liabilities = {"短期借款", "应付账款", "长期借款", "负债合计","实收资本", "留存收益", "所有者权益合计", "负债和权益总计"};decimal[] liabilityValues = { 1000000, 800000, 2000000, 0, 5000000, 1200000, 0, 0 };liabilityValues[3] = liabilityValues[0] + liabilityValues[1] + liabilityValues[2]; // 负债合计liabilityValues[6] = liabilityValues[4] + liabilityValues[5]; // 所有者权益合计liabilityValues[7] = liabilityValues[3] + liabilityValues[6]; // 总计for (int i = 0; i < liabilities.Length; i++){balanceSheet.Cells[i + 13, 1].Value = liabilities[i];balanceSheet.Cells[i + 13, 2].Value = liabilityValues[i];}// 设置数字格式balanceSheet.Range("B4:B21").NumberFormat = "¥#,##0";// 设置边框balanceSheet.Range("A3:B10").Borders.LineStyle = XlLineStyle.xlContinuous;balanceSheet.Range("A12:B20").Borders.LineStyle = XlLineStyle.xlContinuous;// 自动调整列宽balanceSheet.Columns["A:B"].AutoFit();Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 资产负债表创建完成");}private void CreateIncomeStatement(IExcelWorkbook workbook){var incomeSheet = workbook.Worksheets.Add();incomeSheet.Name = "利润表";incomeSheet.Tab.Color = System.Drawing.Color.LightGreen;// 利润表结构incomeSheet.Range("A1").Value = "利润表";incomeSheet.Range("A1").Font.Bold = true;incomeSheet.Range("A1").Font.Size = 16;string[] incomeItems = {"营业收入", "营业成本", "毛利润","销售费用", "管理费用", "财务费用", "营业利润","营业外收入", "营业外支出", "利润总额","所得税费用", "净利润"};decimal[] incomeValues = {10000000, 6000000, 0,    // 营业收入，营业成本，毛利润800000, 500000, 200000, 0,  // 各项费用，营业利润100000, 50000, 0,       // 营业外收支，利润总额875000, 0              // 所得税，净利润};// 计算衍生值incomeValues[2] = incomeValues[0] - incomeValues[1]; // 毛利润incomeValues[6] = incomeValues[2] - incomeValues[3] - incomeValues[4] - incomeValues[5]; // 营业利润incomeValues[9] = incomeValues[6] + incomeValues[7] - incomeValues[8]; // 利润总额incomeValues[11] = incomeValues[9] - incomeValues[10]; // 净利润for (int i = 0; i < incomeItems.Length; i++){incomeSheet.Cells[i + 3, 1].Value = incomeItems[i];incomeSheet.Cells[i + 3, 2].Value = incomeValues[i];// 为计算项设置特殊格式if (new[] { 2, 6, 9, 11 }.Contains(i)){incomeSheet.Cells[i + 3, 1].Font.Bold = true;incomeSheet.Cells[i + 3, 2].Font.Bold = true;}}// 设置数字格式incomeSheet.Range("B3:B15").NumberFormat = "¥#,##0";// 设置边框incomeSheet.Range("A3:B15").Borders.LineStyle = XlLineStyle.xlContinuous;incomeSheet.Columns["A:B"].AutoFit();Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 利润表创建完成");}private void CreateCashFlowStatement(IExcelWorkbook workbook){var cashFlowSheet = workbook.Worksheets.Add();cashFlowSheet.Name = "现金流量表";cashFlowSheet.Tab.Color = System.Drawing.Color.LightYellow;// 现金流量表结构cashFlowSheet.Range("A1").Value = "现金流量表";cashFlowSheet.Range("A1").Font.Bold = true;cashFlowSheet.Range("A1").Font.Size = 16;// 经营活动现金流量cashFlowSheet.Range("A3").Value = "经营活动产生的现金流量";cashFlowSheet.Range("A3").Font.Bold = true;string[] operatingItems = {"销售商品、提供劳务收到的现金", "购买商品、接受劳务支付的现金","支付给职工以及为职工支付的现金", "支付的各项税费","经营活动现金流量净额"};decimal[] operatingValues = { 9500000, 5500000, 1200000, 800000, 0 };operatingValues[4] = operatingValues[0] - operatingValues[1] - operatingValues[2] - operatingValues[3];for (int i = 0; i < operatingItems.Length; i++){cashFlowSheet.Cells[i + 4, 1].Value = operatingItems[i];cashFlowSheet.Cells[i + 4, 2].Value = operatingValues[i];}// 投资活动现金流量cashFlowSheet.Range("A10").Value = "投资活动产生的现金流量";cashFlowSheet.Range("A10").Font.Bold = true;string[] investingItems = {"购建固定资产支付的现金", "投资支付的现金", "投资活动现金流量净额"};decimal[] investingValues = { 500000, 300000, 0 };investingValues[2] = -investingValues[0] - investingValues[1];for (int i = 0; i < investingItems.Length; i++){cashFlowSheet.Cells[i + 11, 1].Value = investingItems[i];cashFlowSheet.Cells[i + 11, 2].Value = investingValues[i];}// 筹资活动现金流量cashFlowSheet.Range("A14").Value = "筹资活动产生的现金流量";cashFlowSheet.Range("A14").Font.Bold = true;string[] financingItems = {"吸收投资收到的现金", "取得借款收到的现金", "偿还债务支付的现金", "分配股利支付的现金", "筹资活动现金流量净额"};decimal[] financingValues = { 1000000, 500000, 300000, 200000, 0 };financingValues[4] = financingValues[0] + financingValues[1] - financingValues[2] - financingValues[3];for (int i = 0; i < financingItems.Length; i++){cashFlowSheet.Cells[i + 15, 1].Value = financingItems[i];cashFlowSheet.Cells[i + 15, 2].Value = financingValues[i];}// 现金净增加额cashFlowSheet.Range("A21").Value = "现金及现金等价物净增加额";cashFlowSheet.Range("A21").Font.Bold = true;cashFlowSheet.Range("B21").Formula = "=B8+B13+B19";// 设置数字格式cashFlowSheet.Range("B4:B21").NumberFormat = "¥#,##0";// 设置边框cashFlowSheet.Range("A3:B8").Borders.LineStyle = XlLineStyle.xlContinuous;cashFlowSheet.Range("A10:B13").Borders.LineStyle = XlLineStyle.xlContinuous;cashFlowSheet.Range("A14:B19").Borders.LineStyle = XlLineStyle.xlContinuous;cashFlowSheet.Columns["A"].ColumnWidth = 40;cashFlowSheet.Columns["B"].AutoFit();Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 现金流量表创建完成");}private void CreateFinancialAnalysis(IExcelWorkbook workbook){var analysisSheet = workbook.Worksheets.Add();analysisSheet.Name = "财务分析";analysisSheet.Tab.Color = System.Drawing.Color.LightPink;analysisSheet.Range("A1").Value = "财务比率分析";analysisSheet.Range("A1").Font.Bold = true;analysisSheet.Range("A1").Font.Size = 16;// 财务比率计算string[] ratios = {"流动比率", "速动比率", "资产负债率", "毛利率", "净利率", "资产收益率"};for (int i = 0; i < ratios.Length; i++){analysisSheet.Cells[i + 3, 1].Value = ratios[i];analysisSheet.Cells[i + 3, 2].Formula = GetRatioFormula(ratios[i], i + 3);analysisSheet.Cells[i + 3, 3].Value = GetRatioInterpretation(ratios[i]);}analysisSheet.Columns["A:C"].AutoFit();Console.WriteLine("  ✓ 财务分析表创建完成");}private string GetRatioFormula(string ratio, int row){return ratio switch{"流动比率" => "=资产负债表!B9/资产负债表!B16","速动比率" => "=(资产负债表!B9-资产负债表!B6)/资产负债表!B16","资产负债率" => "=资产负债表!B16/资产负债表!B9","毛利率" => "=利润表!B5/利润表!B3","净利率" => "=利润表!B15/利润表!B3","资产收益率" => "=利润表!B15/资产负债表!B9",_ => "N/A"};}private string GetRatioInterpretation(string ratio){return ratio switch{"流动比率" => "衡量短期偿债能力，理想值>2","速动比率" => "更严格的短期偿债能力指标，理想值>1","资产负债率" => "衡量财务杠杆，理想值<60%","毛利率" => "衡量产品盈利能力，越高越好","净利率" => "衡量整体盈利能力","资产收益率" => "衡量资产使用效率",_ => "N/A"};}private void DisplayReportSummary(IExcelWorkbook workbook){Console.WriteLine("\n  报告摘要:");Console.WriteLine($"    工作表数量: {workbook.Worksheets.Count}");foreach (IExcelWorksheet sheet in workbook.Worksheets){Console.WriteLine($"    {sheet.Index}. {sheet.Name}");}}// 其他创建方法（销售数据、员工信息等）的实现类似，这里省略以保持简洁// 实际应用中应该完整实现所有方法}
}

总结与最佳实践

本章重点回顾

在本章中，我们深入学习了工作簿与工作表的基础操作：

  1. 工作簿操作：创建、打开、保存、属性管理、状态监控
  2. 工作表管理：创建、复制、隐藏、保护、导航
  3. 实战应用：企业报表系统的完整实现
  4. 性能优化：资源管理、内存优化、错误处理

核心知识点总结

工作簿操作要点
  • 创建方式：空白工作簿、基于模板、打开现有文件
  • 保存策略：常规保存、增量保存、备份保存、自动保存
  • 属性管理：内置属性、自定义属性、文档元数据
  • 资源管理：正确的Dispose模式、内存泄漏预防
工作表操作要点
  • 创建管理：添加、删除、重命名、移动、复制
  • 可见性控制：可见、隐藏、深度隐藏
  • 保护机制：密码保护、权限设置、区域保护
  • 导航技术：激活、选择、遍历、状态管理

最佳实践指南

代码组织最佳实践
// 推荐：使用面向对象的设计
public class FinancialReportGenerator
{private IExcelWorkbook _workbook;public FinancialReportGenerator(){// 初始化工作簿using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();_workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;}public void GenerateReport(){try{CreateCoverPage();CreateBalanceSheet();CreateIncomeStatement();CreateAnalysis();// 统一保存SaveReport();}catch (Exception ex){HandleError(ex);}}// 具体的创建方法...
}
错误处理最佳实践
public class SafeWorkbookOperation
{public void PerformOperation(){IExcelApplication excelApp = null;try{excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();// 执行操作var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;// ... 操作代码workbook.SaveAs("result.xlsx");}catch (FileNotFoundException ex){Logger.Error($"文件未找到: {ex.FileName}");throw;}catch (UnauthorizedAccessException){Logger.Error("权限不足");throw;}catch (System.Runtime.InteropServices.COMException ex){Logger.Error($"COM错误: {ex.Message}");throw new WorkbookOperationException("Excel操作失败", ex);}finally{excelApp?.Dispose();}}
}
性能优化最佳实践
public class OptimizedWorkbookCreator
{public void CreateLargeWorkbook(){using var excelApp = ExcelFactory.BlankWorkbook();// 性能优化设置excelApp.ScreenUpdating = false;excelApp.DisplayAlerts = false;excelApp.EnableEvents = false;try{var workbook = excelApp.ActiveWorkbook;// 批量操作代替单个操作var dataRange = workbook.ActiveSheetWrap.Range("A1:Z1000");object[,] bulkData = PrepareBulkData();dataRange.Value = bulkData;// 恢复设置excelApp.ScreenUpdating = true;excelApp.DisplayAlerts = true;excelApp.EnableEvents = true;workbook.SaveAs("optimized.xlsx");}catch (Exception){// 确保异常情况下也恢复设置excelApp.ScreenUpdating = true;excelApp.DisplayAlerts = true;excelApp.EnableEvents = true;throw;}}
}
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