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基于Django实现的智慧校园考试系统-自动组卷算法实现

news 2025/11/12 7:41:49

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一.🦁 项目概述

基于Django开发的智慧校园考试系统后端API，采用前后端分离架构，提供RESTful风格接口，涵盖用户管理、题库管理、考试管理和成绩管理等核心功能模块。首先，用户管理模块支持学生和管理员两种角色，提供用户注册与登录（JWT认证）、个人信息管理。其次，题库管理模块支持多种试题类型，如单选题、判断题、填空题、简答题，实现试题的CRUD操作、智能组卷算法、试题分类标签管理及难度系数设置。然后，考试管理模块涵盖考试创建、考生报名与审核、在线考试等功能，提供考试场次管理。最后，成绩管理模块实现了自动评分（客观题）、成绩统计分析、提供成绩查询、成绩分布可视化以及错题分析和历史成绩对比等功能。

1.1 技术栈

Python 3.8+
Django 4.2
Django REST Framework
MySQL

1.2 安装与运行

克隆项目：gitcode、Githup
安装依赖：pip install -r requirements.txt
配置数据库：修改settings.py中的数据库配置
运行服务器：python manage.py runserver

二.🦁 演示系统流程

2.1 管理员端

2. 仪表板
在这里插入图片描述
3. 用户管理

4. 题库管理

5. 考试管理

6. 试卷管理

手动组卷
自动组卷

成绩管理

2.2 学生端

首页
考试列表
查看成绩
个人中心
考试页面

在这里插入图片描述

2.3 自动组卷算法实现

1. 核心思路

先创建一条考试记录 Exam （校验通过后保存）。
对每个题型，分别按难度从题库查询题目列表。
如果某个难度的题数不够，直接返回错误。
若题数足够，就用 random.sample 在题目列表里随机抽取指定数量。
把抽到的题目逐条保存成 ExamQuestion ，与该考试关联。
最后返回这次考试的基本信息和总题数。

2. 随机与去重

random.sample 在同一题型+难度范围内不会重复抽同一题
不会出现跨题型重复，因为查询条件包含 question_type
如果 question_types 传入有重复值，会去重

@api_view(['POST'])
@permission_classes([IsAuthenticated])
def generate_exam_paper(request):# 获取考试基本信息exam_name = request.data.get('exam_name')start_time = request.data.get('start_time')end_time = request.data.get('end_time')duration = request.data.get('duration')# 获取题目配置easy_count = int(request.data.get('easy_count', 0))medium_count = int(request.data.get('medium_count', 0))hard_count = int(request.data.get('hard_count', 0))question_types = request.data.get('question_types', [])# 创建考试exam_data = {'exam_name': exam_name,'start_time': start_time,'end_time': end_time,'duration': duration}serializer = ExamSerializer(data=exam_data)if not serializer.is_valid():return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)exam = serializer.save()# 为每种题型按难度分布生成题目selected_questions = []total_questions = 0# 遍历每种题型for question_type in question_types:# 获取当前题型不同难度的题目easy_questions = list(Question.objects.filter(difficulty_level='easy', question_type=question_type))medium_questions = list(Question.objects.filter(difficulty_level='medium', question_type=question_type))hard_questions = list(Question.objects.filter(difficulty_level='hard', question_type=question_type))# 检查当前题型的题目数量是否足够if easy_count > 0 and len(easy_questions) < easy_count:return Response({"error": f"{question_type}类型的简单题目不足，需要 {easy_count} 道，实际只有 {len(easy_questions)} 道"}, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)if medium_count > 0 and len(medium_questions) < medium_count:return Response({"error": f"{question_type}类型的中等题目不足，需要 {medium_count} 道，实际只有 {len(medium_questions)} 道"}, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)if hard_count > 0 and len(hard_questions) < hard_count:return Response({"error": f"{question_type}类型的困难题目不足，需要 {hard_count} 道，实际只有 {len(hard_questions)} 道"}, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)# 为当前题型随机选择题目if easy_count > 0:selected_questions.extend(random.sample(easy_questions, easy_count))total_questions += easy_countif medium_count > 0:selected_questions.extend(random.sample(medium_questions, medium_count))total_questions += medium_countif hard_count > 0:selected_questions.extend(random.sample(hard_questions, hard_count))total_questions += hard_count# 添加题目到考试for question in selected_questions:ExamQuestion.objects.create(exam=exam, question=question)# 返回包含题目数量的考试信息exam_data = ExamSerializer(exam).dataexam_data['question_count'] = total_questionsreturn Response({"message": f"成功自动生成试卷，包含 {total_questions} 道题目（每种题型：简单{easy_count}道，中等{medium_count}道，困难{hard_count}道）","exam": exam_data}, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)

三.🦁 API接口文档

3.1 用户管理

注册用户

URL: /api/users/register/
方法: POST

请求体:

{"username": "用户名","password": "密码","role": "admin或student"
}

响应:

{"user_id": 1,"username": "用户名","role": "admin或student","created_at": "创建时间"
}

用户登录

URL: /api/users/login/
方法: POST

请求体:

{"username": "用户名","password": "密码"
}

响应:

{"token": "JWT令牌","user": {"user_id": 1,"username": "用户名","role": "admin或student"}
}

获取当前用户信息

URL: /api/users/current/
方法: GET
请求头: Authorization: Bearer {token}

响应:

{"user_id": 1,"username": "用户名","role": "admin或student","created_at": "创建时间"
}

获取所有用户

URL: /api/users/
方法: GET
请求头: Authorization: Bearer {token}

响应:

[{"user_id": 1,"username": "用户名","role": "admin或student","created_at": "创建时间"}
]

获取特定用户

URL: /api/users/{user_id}/
方法: GET
请求头: Authorization: Bearer {token}

响应:

{"user_id": 1,"username": "用户名","role": "admin或student","created_at": "创建时间"
}

更新用户

URL: /api/users/{user_id}/update/
方法: PUT
请求头: Authorization: Bearer {token}

请求体:

{"username": "新用户名","password": "新密码","role": "新角色"
}

响应:

{"user_id": 1,"username": "新用户名","role": "新角色","created_at": "创建时间"
}

删除用户

URL: /api/users/{user_id}/delete/
方法: DELETE
请求头: Authorization: Bearer {token}
响应: 204 No Content

3.2 题库管理

添加题目

URL: /api/questions/add/
方法: POST
请求头: Authorization: Bearer {token}

请求体:

{"content": "题目内容","question_type": "choice/true_false/fill_in_blank/essay","difficulty_level": "easy/medium/hard"
}

响应:

{"question_id": 1,"content": "题目内容","question_type": "choice/true_false/fill_in_blank/essay","difficulty_level": "easy/medium/hard","created_at": "创建时间"
}

获取所有题目

URL: /api/questions/
方法: GET
请求头: Authorization: Bearer {token}

响应:

[{"question_id": 1,"content": "题目内容","question_type": "choice/true_false/fill_in_blank/essay","difficulty_level": "easy/medium/hard","created_at": "创建时间"}
]

获取特定题目

URL: /api/questions/get/{question_id}/
方法: GET
请求头: Authorization: Bearer {token}

响应:

{"question_id": 1,"content": "题目内容","question_type": "choice/true_false/fill_in_blank/essay","difficulty_level": "easy/medium/hard","created_at": "创建时间"
}

更新题目

URL: /api/questions/update/{question_id}/
方法: PUT
请求头: Authorization: Bearer {token}

请求体:

{"content": "新题目内容","question_type": "新题目类型","difficulty_level": "新难度级别"
}

响应:

{"question_id": 1,"content": "新题目内容","question_type": "新题目类型","difficulty_level": "新难度级别","created_at": "创建时间"
}

删除题目

URL: /api/questions/delete/{question_id}/
方法: DELETE
请求头: Authorization: Bearer {token}
响应: 204 No Content

3.3 考试管理

创建考试

URL: /api/exams/create/
方法: POST
请求头: Authorization: Bearer {token}

请求体:

{"exam_name": "考试名称","start_time": "开始时间","end_time": "结束时间","duration": 120
}

响应:

{"exam_id": 1,"exam_name": "考试名称","start_time": "开始时间","end_time": "结束时间","duration": 120,"created_at": "创建时间"
}

获取所有考试

URL: /api/exams/
方法: GET
请求头: Authorization: Bearer {token}

响应:

[{"exam_id": 1,"exam_name": "考试名称","start_time": "开始时间","end_time": "结束时间","duration": 120,"created_at": "创建时间"}
]

获取特定考试

URL: /api/exams/get/{exam_id}/
方法: GET
请求头: Authorization: Bearer {token}

响应:

{"exam_id": 1,"exam_name": "考试名称","start_time": "开始时间","end_time": "结束时间","duration": 120,"created_at": "创建时间"
}

更新考试

URL: /api/exams/update/{exam_id}/
方法: PUT
请求头: Authorization: Bearer {token}

请求体:

{"exam_name": "新考试名称","start_time": "新开始时间","end_time": "新结束时间","duration": 150
}

响应:

{"exam_id": 1,"exam_name": "新考试名称","start_time": "新开始时间","end_time": "新结束时间","duration": 150,"created_at": "创建时间"
}

删除考试

URL: /api/exams/delete/{exam_id}/
方法: DELETE
请求头: Authorization: Bearer {token}
响应: 204 No Content

添加题目到考试

URL: /api/exams/add_question/
方法: POST
请求头: Authorization: Bearer {token}
请求体:
```
{"exam": 1,"question": 1
}
```

响应:

{"exam_question_id": 1,"exam": 1,"question": 1,"question_detail": {"question_id": 1,"content": "题目内容","question_type": "题目类型","difficulty_level": "难度级别","created_at": "创建时间"}
}

获取考试的所有题目

URL: /api/exams/questions/{exam_id}/
方法: GET
请求头: Authorization: Bearer {token}

响应:

[{"exam_question_id": 1,"exam": 1,"question": 1,"question_detail": {"question_id": 1,"content": "题目内容","question_type": "题目类型","difficulty_level": "难度级别","created_at": "创建时间"}}
]

自动组卷

URL: /api/exams/generate_paper/
方法: POST
请求头: Authorization: Bearer {token}

请求体:

{"exam_id": 1,"easy_count": 5,"medium_count": 3,"hard_count": 2
}

响应:

{"message": "成功添加 10 道题目到考试"
}

3.4 成绩管理

添加成绩

URL: /api/scores/add/
方法: POST
请求头: Authorization: Bearer {token}
请求体:
```
{"user": 1,"exam": 1,"score": 85
}
```

响应:

{"score_id": 1,"user": 1,"exam": 1,"score": 85,"created_at": "创建时间","user_detail": {"user_id": 1,"username": "用户名","role": "角色","created_at": "创建时间"},"exam_detail": {"exam_id": 1,"exam_name": "考试名称","start_time": "开始时间","end_time": "结束时间","duration": 120,"created_at": "创建时间"}
}

获取用户成绩

URL: /api/scores/user/{user_id}/
方法: GET
请求头: Authorization: Bearer {token}

响应:

[{"score_id": 1,"user": 1,"exam": 1,"score": 85,"created_at": "创建时间","user_detail": {"user_id": 1,"username": "用户名","role": "角色","created_at": "创建时间"},"exam_detail": {"exam_id": 1,"exam_name": "考试名称","start_time": "开始时间","end_time": "结束时间","duration": 120,"created_at": "创建时间"}}
]

获取考试成绩

URL: /api/scores/exam/{exam_id}/
方法: GET
请求头: Authorization: Bearer {token}

响应:

[{"score_id": 1,"user": 1,"exam": 1,"score": 85,"created_at": "创建时间","user_detail": {"user_id": 1,"username": "用户名","role": "角色","created_at": "创建时间"},"exam_detail": {"exam_id": 1,"exam_name": "考试名称","start_time": "开始时间","end_time": "结束时间","duration": 120,"created_at": "创建时间"}}
]

获取历史考试记录

URL: /api/scores/history/{user_id}/
方法: GET
请求头: Authorization: Bearer {token}

响应:

[{"history_id": 1,"user": 1,"exam": 1,"score": 85,"completed_at": "完成时间","user_detail": {"user_id": 1,"username": "用户名","role": "角色","created_at": "创建时间"},"exam_detail": {"exam_id": 1,"exam_name": "考试名称","start_time": "开始时间","end_time": "结束时间","duration": 120,"created_at": "创建时间"}}
]