Kubernetes部署Dashboard服务
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文章目录
- 一、Dashboard 简介
- 二、Dashboard与Kubernetes版本对照表
- 三、部署Dashboard
- 四、开启远程访问
- 五、配置访问认证
- 5.1 Token认证
- 5.2 kubeconfig认证
- 5.3 这里我们使用token认证来登录
一、Dashboard 简介
Dashboard 是基于网页的 Kubernetes 用户界面。 你可以使用 Dashboard 将容器应用部署到 Kubernetes 集群中，也可以对容器应用排错，还能管理集群资源。 你可以使用 Dashboard 获取运行在集群中的应用的概览信息，也可以创建或者修改 Kubernetes 资源 （如 Deployment、Job、DaemonSet 等等）。 例如，你可以对 Deployment 实现弹性伸缩、发起滚动升级、重启 Pod 或者使用向导创建新的应用。
Dashboard 同时展示了 Kubernetes 集群中的资源状态信息和所有报错信息。
二、Dashboard与Kubernetes版本对照表
| Kubernetes | Dashboard 最低可用 | Dashboard 推荐/实测版本 | 完全支持 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.18 | v2.0.0 | v2.0.0 | ✅ | |
| 1.19 | v2.0.4 | v2.4.0 | ✅ | |
| 1.20 | v2.4.0 | v2.4.0 | ✅ | |
| 1.21 | v2.4.0 | v2.4.0 | ✅ | |
| 1.22 | v2.5.0 | v2.7.0 | ⚠️ | 功能完整，但标记“部分功能不可用” |
| 1.23 | v2.5.0 | v2.7.0 | ⚠️ | 同上 |
| 1.24 | v2.6.0 | v2.7.0 | ⚠️ | 同上 |
| 1.25 | v2.7.0 | v2.7.0 | ✅ | 官方勾选“完全支持” |
| 1.26 | v2.7.0 | v3.0.0-alpha0 | ✅ | 可用，但 3.0.0 开始仅提供 Helm 安装 |
| 1.27 | v3.0.0 | v3.0.0 | ✅ | 需 Helm 安装，YAML 方式已废弃 |
| 1.28-1.31 | v3.1.0+ | v3.1.0 / 7.5.0+ | ✅ | 仅 Helm 提供；7.x 为 Helm chart 版本号 |
说明
- “⚠️”表示官方 release 注记里打 问号（功能可用但未全量测试）。
- 从 kubernetes1.27 版本起 官方只维护 Helm 安装方式；直接 apply YAML 需自行拉取镜像并处理证书。
- 若集群版本 ≥ 1.27，请使用 Helm 安装：
helm repo add kubernetes-dashboard https://kubernetes.github.io/dashboard/
helm install kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard/kubernetes-dashboard \--create-namespace --namespace kubernetes-dashboard
这里我们的kubernetes版本是1.20.10，那么就按照2.4.0版本的Dashboard;
各版本下载连接：（下载其他版本时把v2.4.0改成需要啊下载的版本号即可）
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.4.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
三、部署Dashboard
# 下载yaml文件
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.4.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml# 创建并启动Dashboard服务
kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml#查看部署情况
[root@k8s-master packages]# kubectl get pods,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/dashboard-metrics-scraper-5b8896d7fc-2mnw5 1/1 Running 0 20m
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-897c7599f-rbd67 1/1 Running 0 20mNAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 10.0.0.161 <none> 8000/TCP 20m
service/kubernetes-dashboard ClusterIP 10.0.0.152 <none> 443/TCP 20m
pod的状态都为Running正常，然后需要配置远程访问才可以进行访问；
四、开启远程访问
dashboard service默认为ClusterIP，而ClusterIP只用于集群内部通信，外部是无法访问的，所以需要配置为NodePort，外部才能访问。
[root@k8s-master packages]# kubectl edit service kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard
service/kubernetes-dashboard edited
[root@k8s-master packages]# kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 10.0.0.161 <none> 8000/TCP 25m
kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.0.0.152 <none> 443:32570/TCP 25m
修改完之后再次查看service就会看到类型已经变成了NodePort，而且端口也多出来了一个，后面就是对外访问的服务端口，我们可以通过：节点IP:32570去访问到dashboard页面服务了；dashboard需要使用https访问，自带的证书在最新的chrome、edge浏览器中不受信，且界面无法手动进行确认继续。使用firefox访问可以在界面操作确认继续。
提示：
在较新版本的Chrome或Edge中访问一些未受信任的 HTTPS 页面时，会提示类似NET::ERR_CERT_INVALID的错误。以往旧版本中，我们可以选择跳过得以继续访问，但是新版本的 Chrome 中并不允许继续。当出现 “您的连接不是私密” 页面时，点击高级后，并直接输入 thisisunsafe 关键字并回车。
访问地址: https://节点IP:32570
五、配置访问认证
dashboard 支持
Token和Kubeconfig两种认证方式进行登录。
5.1 Token认证
创建Service Account 及 ClusterRoleBinding，创建dashboard-token.yaml文件，内容如下：
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:name: kubernetes-adminnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:name: kubernetes-admin
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: ClusterRolename: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccountname: kubernetes-adminnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
创建对应的资源：kubectl apply -f dashboard-token.yaml
获取访问所需要的Token：
[root@k8s-master packages]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard describe secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret | grep kubernetes-admin | awk '{print $1}')
Name: kubernetes-admin-token-nz8hx
Namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
Labels: <none>
Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: kubernetes-adminkubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 4411fd73-48b2-4913-b196-eba9cc98101eType: kubernetes.io/service-account-tokenData
====
ca.crt: 1359 bytes
namespace: 20 bytes
token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IjZhNXdYNWUwdDNJeThDWVVsU3p4WlFIeF9SLTloY1dJS3NtSEtnSG9kVFkifQ.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.LpJhqF6JPF-HckV7Xe_1LnaP6Xx7a66uAE4voQ_yix_y_Urkt3fhmdR4TceoAdF0u2EX86oNcA5eVaP0HiUPtIpUGcfvSyoqeCXLWP7dmUtU8ZjW8gMw_RJp-PsAaS-CROEj59_TRtMMOC9IhcdCw59FipLYkB6kOjcKdDf_0m5qhiFC11COoxlsxBNZ_2dh0YSSNiOV0d7s6RerX-1JLWL-CoxC7BPsye2OATKYxj68ulN87nseRX6ONdlRRCbbfOXSYj1O34AXFz_-nS83rSorJ4N-ZXfQ05BBvOw5bZ3vk6xR8s5Ki6X3IGkfkDwV8Dik6KflIl8WS8HiLJtnPw
5.2 kubeconfig认证
如果是使用kubeadmin部署的集群，默认会在下面路径生成一个kubeconfig文件：/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf，下载该文件并编辑，在该文件将上面的toekn加入文件末尾。
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:certificate-authority-data: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCk1JSUMvakNDQWVhZ0F3SUJBZ0lCQURBTkJna3Foa2lHOXcwQkFRc0ZBREFWTVJNd0VRWURWUVFERXdwcmRXSmwKY201bGRHVnpNQjRYRFRJME1EWXhNVEUwTURJd00xb1hEVE0wTURZd09URTBNREl3TTFvd0ZURVRNQkVHQTFVRQpBeE1LYTNWaVpYSnVaWFJsY3pDQ0FTSXdEUVlKS29aSWh2Y05BUUVCQlFBRGdnRVBBRENDQVFvQ2dnRUJBT2RUCjFSU3FmM3JyY1V3WkRsUk5OS05vVlZEelEzNlp4OUovckNSYzR1V3Qzd0YxTitsbFlIaVA2VHdoL0s2UGd0aUEKaHBYeDdWaGRYWElKdHhVd3F2OW8vTnArdUpoOHV2eFdyY25JRDNycFJzWXFvM1ZZSlhnTEtuS1o0bkpRREZzUApCQVZQcUJvS3RhYm9qV0pjU2tTc09VVXM5TFV0VnV3aEZUdmR0ZnJ1TVNMczFjOE1naTlGWlNkTUg3UHN0NzczCkNtUFhvb0k4dlRQSWwwU0dSTU1sSGtIaGJaUDJRVU0rZ1hzUlBRdWt3NFZ4MS9aQ29lZlhjRUE2czJUQmR3MXAKMlhpN2JpdWFKei80Qm1aYWVoQk5LZE1iR1ZMR1NhL1FwRjVDOXUwdnVybEdFZWw5eldoYnFLRFVzenN3dzZxUwpId2V6MXl0UWZpYTEyK2R0V1NNQ0F3RUFBYU5aTUZjd0RnWURWUjBQQVFIL0JBUURBZ0trTUE4R0ExVWRFd0VCCi93UUZNQU1CQWY4d0hRWURWUjBPQkJZRUZQZno5VzJ5UWJaZTAwT3M0ckNSbkc0c3dSV1VNQlVHQTFVZEVRUU8KTUF5Q0NtdDFZbVZ5Ym1WMFpYTXdEUVlKS29aSWh2Y05BUUVMQlFBRGdnRUJBR0w1eE1mcU5INDdERGh3Uzd0bApTMWoxZ3hKWWxDclk4M09acTF3bUF0aFlqR2wwN1FJVDJ6NGszVXlMOU5MZzBJWmlIMy93eElsVnc5V0hJYVFRCmwzK0dwMi9Fc0VuWURlWWt0Z2VySDk3M2xGWGsySEJSOWhxemRiNlNnbVd5cWRGdWpvMisrM3Vzb1dxOHJ0eHAKMUdZNU5aakxiQnA0aWs0UVYvSFYvNFRJNzF6VmYyTzd1VG5JMEZ6VlUzR214MmhDSVRzdHRFa0VVd2NCaHRhYgphUWF3NzNiZjU3MEp2bWJXSlF6dnZkMmFVQWk5MUtxQzhEUUFLMk00QUk5NDRsU2xsQlZDeXpQZUdiNnEwc3ZxCmtBaVpVZzFHYSt6d1NLdVhTdmRESm1uQ3psYnE2V2I5N29UdkVaTDJnMlJwMW5Ua1hTSU10Nk41bU1TNXVrYVMKbWVzPQotLS0tLUVORCBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCg==server: https://172.16.11.230:6443name: kubernetes
contexts:
- context:cluster: kubernetesuser: kubernetes-adminname: kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
current-context: kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: kubernetes-adminuser:client-certificate-data: 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client-key-data: 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token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IjZhNXdYNWUwdDNJeThDWVVsU3p4WlFIeF9SLTloY1dJS3NtSEtnSG9kVFkifQ.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.LpJhqF6JPF-HckV7Xe_1LnaP6Xx7a66uAE4voQ_yix_y_Urkt3fhmdR4TceoAdF0u2EX86oNcA5eVaP0HiUPtIpUGcfvSyoqeCXLWP7dmUtU8ZjW8gMw_RJp-PsAaS-CROEj59_TRtMMOC9IhcdCw59FipLYkB6kOjcKdDf_0m5qhiFC11COoxlsxBNZ_2dh0YSSNiOV0d7s6RerX-1JLWL-CoxC7BPsye2OATKYxj68ulN87nseRX6ONdlRRCbbfOXSYj1O34AXFz_-nS83rSorJ4N-ZXfQ05BBvOw5bZ3vk6xR8s5Ki6X3IGkfkDwV8Dik6KflIl8WS8HiLJtnPw
然后登录dashboard选择下载的kubeconfig文件即可进行登录。
5.3 这里我们使用token认证来登录
登陆进来是这样的；
登录上来之后就可以进行想要的操作了；
参考文章：https://www.cnblogs.com/lldhsds/p/18249869