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mysql数据库自动备份_脚本_配置自动运行_windows下

news 2025/11/2 6:46:04

1. mysql数据库自动备份

环境： win11 mysql 8.0

mysql安装位置：C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.0\bin

功能：

备份生成sql文件和备份过程log，并自动验证是否备份成功，最后压缩成zip文件，并自动删除指定日期(7天前)的备份。

完全中文路径支持，Windows 10/11 适用
自动生成 SQL + ZIP，不会因为验证失败就退出
验证逻辑：创建 _test 数据库验证备份可用性，验证失败也不阻塞压缩
日志完整，%LOG_FILE% 记录整个备份流程
保留最近 N 天备份，自动删除过期 ZIP 文件

脚本：

已验证可用。

@echo off
:: ==========================
:: MySQL 自动备份脚本（中文 Windows 可用）
:: Windows 10/11 + MySQL 8.0
:: ==========================
chcp 65001 >nul:: === 配置 ===
set MYSQL_BIN_PATH=C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.0\bin
set BACKUP_PATH=E:\Data\
set MYSQL_USER=root
set MYSQL_PASS=root
set DATABASES=user_db location_db goods_db
set ENABLE_VERIFY=true
set RETAIN_DAYS=7
set TEST_DB_SUFFIX=_test:: === 时间戳 ===
for /f "tokens=1-2 delims= " %%a in ('wmic os get LocalDateTime ^| find "."') do set ldt=%%a
set DATETIME=%ldt:~0,8%_%ldt:~8,6%set BACKUP_FILE=%BACKUP_PATH%\my_backup_%DATETIME%.sql
set ZIP_FILE=%BACKUP_PATH%\my_backup_%DATETIME%.zip
set LOG_FILE=%BACKUP_PATH%\my_backup_%DATETIME%.log
set TEST_SQL=%BACKUP_PATH%\my_backup_verify_%DATETIME%.sql:: === 创建备份目录 ===
if not exist "%BACKUP_PATH%" mkdir "%BACKUP_PATH%":: === 开始备份 ===
echo. > "%LOG_FILE%"
echo ============================================ >> "%LOG_FILE%"
echo 🚀 MySQL 数据库备份开始: %DATE% %TIME% >> "%LOG_FILE%"
echo ============================================ >> "%LOG_FILE%"
echo 备份路径: %BACKUP_PATH% >> "%LOG_FILE%"
echo 输出文件: %BACKUP_FILE% >> "%LOG_FILE%""%MYSQL_BIN_PATH%\mysqldump.exe" -u %MYSQL_USER% -p%MYSQL_PASS% --databases %DATABASES% --routines --events --triggers --single-transaction --default-character-set=utf8mb4 > "%BACKUP_FILE%" 2>> "%LOG_FILE%"if not exist "%BACKUP_FILE%" (echo ❌ SQL 文件生成失败！ >> "%LOG_FILE%"
) else (echo ✅ SQL 文件生成完成 >> "%LOG_FILE%"
):: === 验证备份文件（可选） ===
if /i "%ENABLE_VERIFY%"=="true" (echo. >> "%LOG_FILE%"echo 🧪 开始验证备份文件 >> "%LOG_FILE%"copy "%BACKUP_FILE%" "%TEST_SQL%" /Y >nul:: 批处理方式替换数据库名for %%D in (%DATABASES%) do (setlocal enabledelayedexpansionset ORIGINAL=%%Dset TEST=%%D%TEST_DB_SUFFIX%powershell -NoProfile -Command ^"(Get-Content -LiteralPath '%TEST_SQL%') | ForEach-Object {$_ -replace '!ORIGINAL!','!TEST!'} | Set-Content -LiteralPath '%TEST_SQL%' -Encoding UTF8"endlocal)if not exist "%TEST_SQL%" (echo ⚠️ 测试 SQL 文件生成失败 >> "%LOG_FILE%") else (:: 导入测试数据库:: "%MYSQL_BIN_PATH%\mysql.exe" -u %MYSQL_USER% -p%MYSQL_PASS% < "%TEST_SQL%" 2>> "%LOG_FILE%""%MYSQL_BIN_PATH%\mysql.exe" -u %MYSQL_USER% -p%MYSQL_PASS% --default-character-set=utf8mb4 < "%TEST_SQL%" 2>> "%LOG_FILE%"if %errorlevel% neq 0 (echo ⚠️ 测试数据库导入失败，但继续执行 >> "%LOG_FILE%") else (echo ✅ 测试数据库创建成功 >> "%LOG_FILE%"):: 删除测试数据库for %%D in (%DATABASES%) do ("%MYSQL_BIN_PATH%\mysql.exe" -u %MYSQL_USER% -p%MYSQL_PASS% -e "DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS %%D%TEST_DB_SUFFIX%;" >> "%LOG_FILE%" 2>&1)del "%TEST_SQL%" >nul 2>&1)
):: === 压缩备份文件 ===
powershell -NoProfile -Command "Compress-Archive -Path '%BACKUP_FILE%' -DestinationPath '%ZIP_FILE%' -Force"
if exist "%ZIP_FILE%" (echo ✅ 已压缩为: %ZIP_FILE% >> "%LOG_FILE%"del "%BACKUP_FILE%"echo 🧹 已删除原始 SQL 文件 >> "%LOG_FILE%"
) else (echo ⚠️ 压缩失败，保留原 SQL 文件 >> "%LOG_FILE%"
):: === 清理旧备份 ===
forfiles /p "%BACKUP_PATH%" /m "*.zip" /d -%RETAIN_DAYS% /c "cmd /c del @path" >> "%LOG_FILE%" 2>&1:: === 完成 ===
echo ============================================ >> "%LOG_FILE%"
echo ✅ MySQL 自动备份完成: %DATE% %TIME% >> "%LOG_FILE%"
echo ============================================ >> "%LOG_FILE%"
echo 备份日志文件: %LOG_FILE%
pause