stress-ng 服务器压力测试的工具学习
一、stress-ng (下一代压力测试) 介绍
项目地址：https://github.com/ColinIanKing/stress-ng
stress-ng 将以多种可选方式对计算机系统进行压力测试。它旨在锻炼计算机的各种物理子系统以及各种操作系统内核接口。stress-ng 的特点：
- 360+ 压力测试
- 100+ 针对 CPU 的压力测试，涵盖浮点数、整数、位操作和控制流
- 60+ 虚拟内存压力测试
- 80+ 文件系统压力测试
- 50+ 内存/CPU 缓存压力测试
- 便携性：支持在 Linux（Debian、Devuan、RHEL、Fedora、Centos、Slackware OpenSUSE、Ubuntu 等）、Solaris、FreeBSD、NetBSD、OpenBSD、DragonFlyBSD、Minix、Android、MacOS X、Serenity OS、GNU/Hurd、Haiku、Windows Subsystem for Linux、Cygwin 以及 SunOs/Dilos/Solaris 上构建，使用 gcc、musl-gcc、clang、icc、icx、tcc 和 pcc 编译器。
- 在 alpha、armel、armhf、arm64、hppa、i386、loong64、m68k、mips32、mips64、power32、ppc64el、risc-v、sh4、s390x、sparc64、x86-64 架构上测试。
stress-ng 最初的设计目的是让机器高负荷运行，以触发硬件问题（如热过载）以及仅在系统被高强度使用时才会出现的操作系统错误。使用 stress-ng 需谨慎，因为某些测试可能导致设计不良的硬件系统过热，并可能引发难以停止的过度系统抖动。
stress-ng 还可以测量测试吞吐率；这有助于观察不同操作系统版本或不同硬件类型的性能变化。然而，它从未被设计为精确的基准测试套件，因此请勿以这种方式使用它。
以 root 权限运行 stress-ng 将调整 Linux 系统的内存不足设置，使压力测试工具在低内存情况下无法被杀死，因此请谨慎使用。在适当的权限下，stress-ng 可以允许调整 ionice 类和 ionice 级别，同样，这应该小心使用。
二、 stress-ng 安装
stress-ng 有多种安装方式，docker，源码，系统包。这里使用源码安装，源码安装比较通用，在ubunt22.04上进行安装
github项目无法拉去时时gitee地址：https://gitee.com/mirrors/stress-ng.git
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下载构建环境
apt-get install gcc g++ libacl1-dev libaio-dev libapparmor-dev libatomic1 libattr1-dev libbsd-dev libcap-dev libeigen3-dev libgbm-dev libcrypt-dev libglvnd-dev libipsec-mb-dev libjpeg-dev libjudy-dev libkeyutils-dev libkmod-dev libmd-dev libmpfr-dev libsctp-dev libxxhash-dev zlib1g-dev -y -
克隆代码
root@stress:~# git clone https://gitee.com/mirrors/stress-ng.git -
安装
root@stress:~# cd stress-ng/ root@stress:~/stress-ng# make clean root@stress:~/stress-ng# make -j root@stress:~/stress-ng# make install
三、压力测试
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压满所有cpu，执行60秒，并生成报告
root@stress:~# stress-ng --cpu 4 -t 60s --metrics stress-ng: info: [366611] setting to a 1 min run per stressor stress-ng: info: [366611] dispatching hogs: 4 matrix stress-ng: metrc: [366611] stressor bogo ops real time usr time sys time bogo ops/s bogo ops/s CPU used per RSS Max stress-ng: metrc: [366611] (secs) (secs) (secs) (real time) (usr+sys time) instance (%) (KB) stress-ng: metrc: [366611] matrix 1300112 60.00 238.44 0.67 21668.05 5437.21 99.63 3648 stress-ng: metrc: [366611] miscellaneous metrics: stress-ng: metrc: [366611] matrix 333299.37 add matrix ops per sec (harmonic mean of 4 instances) stress-ng: metrc: [366611] matrix 660483.97 copy matrix ops per sec (harmonic mean of 4 instances) stress-ng: metrc: [366611] matrix 230069.98 div matrix ops per sec (harmonic mean of 4 instances) stress-ng: metrc: [366611] matrix 110125.18 frobenius matrix ops per sec (harmonic mean of 4 instances) stress-ng: metrc: [366611] matrix 655736.94 hadamard matrix ops per sec (harmonic mean of 4 instances) stress-ng: metrc: [366611] matrix 312893.74 identity matrix ops per sec (harmonic mean of 4 instances) stress-ng: metrc: [366611] matrix 528567.28 mean matrix ops per sec (harmonic mean of 4 instances) stress-ng: metrc: [366611] matrix 678433.17 mult matrix ops per sec (harmonic mean of 4 instances) stress-ng: metrc: [366611] matrix 635834.08 negate matrix ops per sec (harmonic mean of 4 instances) stress-ng: metrc: [366611] matrix 760.09 prod matrix ops per sec (harmonic mean of 4 instances) stress-ng: metrc: [366611] matrix 479447.95 sub matrix ops per sec (harmonic mean of 4 instances) stress-ng: metrc: [366611] matrix 814.18 square matrix ops per sec (harmonic mean of 4 instances) stress-ng: metrc: [366611] matrix 123778.71 trans matrix ops per sec (harmonic mean of 4 instances) stress-ng: metrc: [366611] matrix 880443.76 zero matrix ops per sec (harmonic mean of 4 instances)
--metrics：压力测试结束时输出一些伪性能指标，提供系统在测试过程中活动的概况，帮助用户了解系统在不同负载下的表现。-t： 超时时间--cpu 4： 启用4个线程才执行cpu密集型任务
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内存测试
root@stress:~# stress-ng --vm 4 --vm-byte 1G -t 60s --metrics stress-ng: info: [372717] setting to a 1 min run per stressor stress-ng: info: [372717] dispatching hogs: 4 vm stress-ng: metrc: [372717] stressor bogo ops real time usr time sys time bogo ops/s bogo ops/s CPU used per RSS Max stress-ng: metrc: [372717] (secs) (secs) (secs) (real time) (usr+sys time) instance (%) (KB) stress-ng: metrc: [372717] vm 5794318 60.01 226.55 12.77 96561.89 24211.64 99.71 298116 stress-ng: info: [372717] skipped: 0`在这里插入代码片` stress-ng: info: [372717] passed: 4: vm (4) stress-ng: info: [372717] failed: 0 stress-ng: info: [372717] metrics untrustworthy: 0 stress-ng: info: [372717] successful run completed in 1 min
--vm 4： 启动 4 个虚拟内存工作线程--vm-byte 1G: 每个虚拟现场分配1G内存
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磁盘及I/O测试
stress-ng --io 6 --pseek 4 --hdd-bytes 1024M -t 60 --metrics--io 6：启动 6 个磁盘 I/O 工作线程来执行同步操作--pseek 4: 启动 4 个 worker 线程来执行磁盘随机读写操作。--hdd-bytes 1024M： 为每个磁盘 I/O 工作线程和随机读写工作线程分配 1024MB 的磁盘空间。这表示每个线程会使用 1024MB 的磁盘空间来执行 I/O 操作。
root@stress:~# stress-ng --io 6 --pseek 4 --hdd-bytes 1024M -t 60 --metrics stress-ng: info: [379354] setting to a 1 min run per stressor stress-ng: info: [379354] dispatching hogs: 6 io, 4 pseek stress-ng: info: [379355] io: this is a legacy I/O sync stressor, consider using iomix instead stress-ng: metrc: [379354] stressor bogo ops real time usr time sys time bogo ops/s bogo ops/s CPU used per RSS Max stress-ng: metrc: [379354] (secs) (secs) (secs) (real time) (usr+sys time) instance (%) (KB) stress-ng: metrc: [379354] io 9015 60.00 0.02 7.35 150.25 1223.66 2.05 3396 stress-ng: metrc: [379354] pseek 12847931 60.00 50.60 105.33 214120.79 82392.79 64.97 4628 stress-ng: metrc: [379354] miscellaneous metrics: stress-ng: metrc: [379354] pseek 1596.71 MB/sec write rate (harmonic mean of 4 instances) stress-ng: metrc: [379354] pseek 153.22 MB/sec read rate (harmonic mean of 4 instances) stress-ng: info: [379354] skipped: 0 stress-ng: info: [379354] passed: 10: io (6) pseek (4) stress-ng: info: [379354] failed: 0 stress-ng: info: [379354] metrics untrustworthy: 0 stress-ng: info: [379354] successful run completed in 1 min